Category Archives: Economy

Ubucakura buhatse ubucakara: FPR mu mugambi w’igihe kirekire wo kwegurira ubutaka bwa rubanda abavukanambuto bayo!

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Léonard Seburanga

Benshi mu banyarwanda basobanukiwe neza umwuka wa gihake wihishe inyuma ya politiki y’ubutaka ya leta ya FPR, ariko ntibashobora kwerura ngo babyamagane ku mugaragaro kuko mbere yo guhuguzwa ubutaka FPR yabanje kubambura umudendezo n’ubwisanzure bwo gutangaza ibyo batekereza. Benshi bakora bivuye inyuma ngo biyubakire amazu, ariko birinda kumva ijwi iryo ari ryo ryose ribibutsa ko kubaka inzu ku butaka ukodesha n’aho byaba byitwa ‘ubukode burambye’ ari nko kubaka ku musenyi. Icyakora, bamwe mu bareba kure ntibiyemerera na gato kugokera ubusa bubaka ku butaka leta ishobora kubambura igihe ishakiye. Ahubwo bakoresha imbuto z’umurimo w’amaboko yabo mu kugira uruhare mu mahinduka azasubiza rubanda uburenganzira busesuye ku butaka bwaba ubwo bihahiye cyangwa ubwo barazwe n’abasekuruza. Bene abo ni abo gushyigikirwa bakaba n’urugero rwiza ku batifuza kuzahora mu bucakara bwa FPR n’abibone bayo.

Mu bucakura bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru bukubiyemo gukoresha amategeko akandamiza, uburiganya, ubuhendo n’igitugu, leta ya FPR yatesheje agaciro ihame ryari risanzwe rigenderwaho ry’uko mu Rwanda ubutaka ari umutungo wa rubanda. Bigaragara neza ko ibi leta ya FPR yabikoze igambiriye kwegurira buhoro buhoro umutungo w’ubutaka agatsiko kayiyoboye n’abambari bako. Ikibazo si uko leta ya FPR yemeye ko abantu ku giti cyabo bahabwa inkondabutaka (= freehold title), ni ukuvuga uburenganzira bwo kugira umutungo bwite w’ubutaka (= inkondabutaka). Ikibazo ni ivangura rigaragaramo, riheza abanyarwanda bafite amikoro aringaniye n’acirirtse n’abafite amikoro ahagije ariko bafatwa nk’aho badakwiye ibyiza nk’ibyo.

Amategeko yimika ubusumbane

Itegeko Ngenga No 03/2013/OL ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rikuraho Itegeko Ngenga n° 08/2005 ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda mu ngingo yaryo ya 6, igika cya 2 n’icya 4 rigiri riti:

Uburenganzira ku nkondabutaka butangwa gusa ku butaka buriho inyubako n’ubuzikikije bwonyine bukenewe kugira ngo ibyo bwagenewe bishobore kuzikorerwamo.

Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 009/16.01 ryo kuwa 23/08/2011 rigena uburyo bwo kubona impapurompamo z’umutungo bwite w’ubutaka riteganya ibi bikurikira:

Ubutaka burebwa n’iri teka ni ubugenewe INYUBAKO zo guturamo, iz’inganda, iz’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi, iz’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, iz’umuco n’iz’ubumenyi nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 6 y’Itegeko Ngenga n° 08/2005 ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena Imikoreshereze n’Imicungire y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda.1 (reba ingingo 2).

UMUSHORAMARI wese wujuje ibyangombwa biteganywa n’amategeko agenga ibikorwa bishorwamo imari ku butaka, ashobora gusaba guhabwa impapurompamo z’umutungo bwite w’ubutaka.  (reba ingingo ya 4).

Mbere y’uko uwasabye impapurompamo z’umutungo bwite w’ubutaka azihabwa agomba kubanza kugirana na Leta amasezerano y’UBUGURE bw’ubutaka asabira impapurompamo z’umutungo bwite. (reba ingingo ya 11).

Ushishoje neza, usanga abashobora kubona inkondabutaka ari abantu bakeya cyane, bujuje nibura ibi bikurikira:

  1. Kuba ari abanyemari ku rugero rwo kwitwa ABASHORAMARI.
  2. Kuba barubatse INYUBAKO zihenze mu bibanza basabira ibyemezo by’inkondabutaka –ibishushanyo mbonera by’imijyi n’ahandi hagenewe guturwa bigaragaza uburyo amazu leta yifuza ko yubakwa arenze kure ubushobozi bwa benshi mu banyarwanda akaba inzozi ku muturage usanzwe.
  3. Kuba baragiranye na Leta amasezerano y’UBUGURE bw’ubutaka –ibi bitandukanye cyane no kugirana na Leta amasezerano y’ubukode (= leasehold).

Mu by’ukuri, ni bake rwose mu banyarwanda bashobora kuzuza ibisabwa abifuza guhabwa inkondabutaka. None se ni bangahe mu baturarwanda bafatwa nk’abashoramari? Ni bangahe bashobora kubaka amazu ahenze kuriya? Ni bangahe leta yakwemerera kugirana na bo amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka? Ni mbarwa rwose!

Kugarura politiki y’ibikingi

Mu gihe cya mbere y’ubukoloni, abantu bake cyane biyumvagamo ko basumbya abandi ubunyarwanda bigaruriye ubutaka bwa rubanda hakoreshejwe uburiganya, igitugu n’ubuhendo, maze babukoresha nk’inzuri ngari cyane zitwaga ibikingi. Abaturage basanzwe b’abahinzi ntibagiraga uburenganzira bwo kugira umutungo bwite w’ubutaka. Bahingaga aho batishije bakishyura amaboko yabo binyuriye ku mirimo inyuranye bakoreraga ba nyir’ibikingi cyangwa bagatanga igice cy’ibyo basaruye bitabujije ko bashoboraga konesherezwa nta nkurikizi.

Mu gushyiraho umwihariko wa bamwe mu mitungire y’ubutaka mu gihe cya none, leta ya FPR yari igamije kugarura iyo politiki y’ibikingi buhoro buhoro –n’ubwo inkondabutaka bahabwa zitagamije kubegurira ubutaka bwo kororeraho amatungo, kuba bubakaho amazu rubanda ruyakikije ihatirwa gukodesha ntaho bitaniye na gahunda yahozeho mu gihe cy’ubuhake. Nibura bitatu mu bigize ibisabwa abifuza inkondabutaka (kuba usaba inkondabutaka ari UMUSHORAMARI, wubatse INYUBAKO ZIGEZWEHO kandi wamaze kugirana na leta AMASEZERANO Y’UBUGURE bw’ubutaka) byatoranijwe n’abacurabwenge ba leta ya FPR mu bucakura bwinshi bagamije inyungu ebyiri z’ingenzi:

  1. Gushyiraho urukuta rukumira rubanda (= abantu bose bari mu mimerere itabemerera kuzuza ibyo leta isaba abashaka inkondabutaka) mu buryo bwo kubahindura abacakara batunzwe no guhinga ubutaka butari ubwabo bakaba ari nabwo buzima bazaraga abana babo. Ibintu biteye ku buryo nta yandi mahitamo abaturage baba bafite uretse guhinga ibyo bategetswe kuko baramutse batabigenje batyo bakwirukanwa ku butaka bakoreshaga maze bugakodeshwa abiteguye kubaho mu buzima bwa cishwa aha. Ku rundi ruhande, kuberako abacurabwenge ba FPR bazi ko hafi ya buri wese ugize icyo aronka yihutira gushaka uko yakwiyubakira inzu, bateze abo mu cyiciro cy’ubukungu buringaniye umutego wo guhora ibanyunyuzamo amafaranga y’ubukode bw’ibibanza bubatseho kuko n’ubwo baba bafite ubushobozi bwo kubaka amazu babamo n’ayo bakodesha abandi, ayo bubaka ntashobora kuzuza ibisabwa ngo bahabwe inkondabutaka. Abo mu icyiciro cyo hasi n’igiciriritse ntibubaka kuko ababigerageje basenyerwa. Babaho mu BUPAGASI bw’igihe cyose. Umutungo wabo ni uwimukanwa gusa, ugizwe ahanini n’ibyo baba bariye n’ibyo baba banyoye. Iyo barwaye indwara ikaze bahuhurwa no kuba ntacyo bafite bakwitabaza wenda nk’inzu ngo babe bayigurisha bishyure ikiguzi cy’ubuvuzi baba bakeneye.
  2. Guha intore butore (= ba nyir’igihugu) uburyo bwo kwigarurira buhoro buhoro umutungo w’ubutaka ubusanzwe ubarwa nk’umutungo leta itunze ku nyungu za rubanda, bakawuhindura umutungo bwite w’abantu ku giti cyabo. Aba, leta iborohereza kurushaho ibakingira ikibaba mu kunyereza amafaranga ava mu ikode abaturage batanga buri mwaka ku bibanza bibabarurwaho, anyunyuzwa mu baturage mu misoro y’umurengera n’aturuka mu bucuruzi leta ibafashamo kubona amasoko yuzuyemo uburiganya n’ubugome. Amafaranga babonye muri ubwo buryo niyo basubira inyuma bakayagura ubutaka bwa rubanda bakanayakoresha mu kubwubakaho, maze inyubako zakuzura, leta ikabubegurira ubuziraherezo binyuriye mu kubaha inkondabutaka.

Tekereza kuri ibi witonze. Mu mwaka wa 2015, mu turere tw’umujyi wa Kigali uko ari dutatu habaye amahererekanywa y’ubutaka 14,914.2 Niba abegukanye ubutaka bwahererekanijwe muri uwo mwaka baranahawe inkondabutaka, ufatiye ku gipimo mpuzandengo ko ikibanza kimwe mu byahererekanijwe cyaba cyari gifite nibura 25mX20m (= 500km2), uwo mwaka wonyine 10% (= 7.5km2) by’ubutaka bwose bwubatseho amazu y’abaturage mu mujyi wa Kigali (yaba ayo guturamo yaba ay’ubucuruzi cyangwa ay’inganda (= 75km2)), bwaba bwaramaze kwigarurirwa burundu n’abantu ku giti cyabo. Mu yandi magambo, umujyi wa Kigali wazaba waramaze kuba igikingi cy’itsinda rito ry’abantu ku giti cyabo mu gihe kitarenze imyaka 10, byakabya ikaba 20 cyangwa 30. Uko umujyi wazagenda waguka, niko ubutaka ubusanzwe bwagenewe ubuhinzi bukaba ubu budashobora gutangwaho inkondabutaka hakurikijwe amategeko ariho, bwazagenda buhindurwamo ubwo kubakwaho maze na bwo bukigarurirwa na bene muzehe n’abambari babo. Amaherezo benshi mu bagize rubanda bazibona barimo gukodesha amazu n’abantu ku giti cyabo ku butaka bwahoze ari ubwabo cyangwa ubw’abakurambere babo.

Kubera ko abahawe inkondabutaka baba bahawe ubutaka mu buryo bwa burundu, uko iminsi izagenda ihita ni na ko ubutaka ubu bubaruye kuri rubanda mu buryo bw’ubukode burambye buzagenda bwigarurirwa na bene ingoma. Ibyo bazabigeraho bakomeza kwifashisha leta yabo haba mu guhatira abaturage kububagurisha cyangwa mu kububambura hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’amategeko abogamira ku basizwe amavuta y’ubutore, agaheza rubanda. Umuntu yakwitega ko hatagize igihinduka, mu gihe runaka kiri imbere rubanda izaba itakigira uburenganzira ubwo ari bwo bwose ku butaka; ba sebahinzi bakazaba basigaye mu rwangaro rw’igihe cyose, abanyamugisha bagatungwa no gukoropa amagorofa y’intore butore nabwo kandi babanje kubihakirwa!

Niba igihe leta ya FPR yashyiragaho amategeko y’ubutaka agenderwaho ubu itari igambiriye kugarura politiki y’IBIKINGI n’UBUHAKE, niyasubiremo maze ihe abanyarwanda uburenganzira bungana mu bihereranye n’imitungire y’ubutaka.

Amayeri no kujijisha rubanda

 

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Itegeko Ngenga No 03/2013/OL ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rikuraho Itegeko Ngenga n° 08/2005 ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda mu ngingo yaryo ya 2, igika cya 11 n’icya 16 risobanura ko inkondabutaka ari ‘uburyo bwo gutunga ubutaka buha nyirabwo uburenganzira bwa burundukuri bwo‘ naho ubukode burambye (= leasehold) bukaba ‘amasezerano y’igihe kirekire Leta igirana n’umuntu kugira ngo akoreshe ubutaka anasarura ibibukomokamo, ariko akayishyura igiciro bemeranijweho‘.

Kubw’ibyo, imvugo ngo ‘mfite ubutaka‘ cyangwa ngo ‘naguze isambu‘ mu by’ukuri ikwiye gukoreshwa gusa n’abantu bahawe inkondabutaka. Abahawe impapuro izi zikunze kwitwa ‘ibyemezo bya burundu‘ nyamara ari ‘amazerano y’ubukode‘ bw’ubutaka yakozwe hagati yabo na leta, ntibakwiye gukoresha bene izo imvugo; ahubwo bakabaye bakoresha imvugo ngo ‘nkodesha ubutaka‘, ‘natisha umurima‘, ‘natijwe ikibanza‘ cyangwa ‘naragijwe isambu‘. Ibitari ibyo ni ukwihenda no kugwa mu mutego w’itekinika rya leta ya FPR. Bitinde bitebuke, n’abatabyumva neza ubu bazabisonukirwa maze bumirwe.

Ni koko, ubu abashobora kwivugaho ko batunze ubutaka mu Rwanda, ni abantu bake, bagomba kuba biganjemo intore butore, bamaze kubona impapuro nkondabutaka, nyuma yo kuba baragiranye na leta amasezerano y’UBUGURE bw’ubutaka bubatseho. Ibi bisobanura ko umubare munini w’abanyarwanda badashobora guha abana babo n’ababakomokaho umurage w’ubutaka kuko aho amasezerano y’ubukode azarangirira, leta izaba ishobora kutemera kongera kububakodesha. Abafite inkondabutaka nibo BONYINE bashobora kuraga urubyaro rwabo umutungo w’ubutaka, kuva ku bo bibyariye n’abuzukuru kugera ku bubivi n’ubuvivure n’abazakomoka kuri abo. Buri wese yakwifuza kugira uburenganzira nk’ubu. Niyo mpamvu leta nk’iya FPR, ibugenera bamwe ikabwima abandi, iramutse ivuzweho ko itabereyeho ineza ya rubanda ataba ari amakabyankuru. Ahubwo yagaragaje ko ibereyeho gutetesha intore butore, abandi bagasigara bahatanira kuba INKOMAMASHYI n’ ABATERUZI B’IBIBINDI.

Inama kuri leta ya FPR

Ihame ry’uko leta ishobora gukora ibinyuranye n’icyifuzo cy’umubare munini w’abaturage, ikabikora igamije guteza imbere bamwe, NTIRIRI MU NYUNGU ZA RUBANDA cyane cyane iyo rikoreshwa n’abiyumva ko barusha abandi UBUNYARWANDA. Ni koko kuba intore butore zibwira ko zifite ubushobozi bwo guhanga imirimo, gutekerereza abatarasizwe amavuta y’ubutore no kubabungabungira umutekano, NTIBIZIHA UBUBASHA BWO KWIGARURIRA IBYA RUBANDA. Ihame rikwiye kugenderwaho ni uko abanyarwanda bose bareshya imbere y’amategeko n’ubwo batanganya ubushbozi mu by’ubukungu. Icyemezo icyo ari cyo cyose gikwiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa ari uko gishyigikiwe na benshi mu banyarwanda kandi mu mudendezo n’ubwisanzure.

Kubw’ibyo, abayobozi bahagarariye abaturage bakwiye kuba baratowe mu bwisanzure hashingiwe ku ihame rya demokarasi mu matora ry’uko buri jwi ry’umuntu rigira agaciro nk’ak’iry’undi. Ariko kubera ubwikunde n’ubutamenya bushobora kugaragara ku rwego urwo ari rwo rwose bigatuma iryo hame ry’ibanze rya demokarasi ritubahirizwa, abaturarwanda bakeneye kuba bafite umudendezo wo kubitangaho ibitekerezo, kubyamagana no guharanira ko bihinduka kandi abanyamakuru bagashobora kubitangaza nta mususu cyangwa ubwoba bwo gutotezwa. Ibyo ni ngombwa kugirango ababa bashaka kuriganya abandi mu matora no gushyiraho politiki n’amategeko nsumbanyabantu bacibwe intege no gutinya ko rubanda yabimenya ikabiburizamo. Kuko ubu atari ko bimeze mu Rwanda, ishyaka rya FPR riramutse rishishikajwe n’ineza ya rubanda ryakora ibi bikurikira:

  1. Guhindura mu buryo bwihutirwa amategeko yose agaragaramo ivangura, hakubiyemo n’ay’ubutaka, rigamije gutanga uburenganzira bumwe kuri bose. Ikibazo cy’amategeko asumbanya abantu kimaze gukemuka, hakurikiraho kuyahuza n’ibyo rubanda yifuza. Iyo ntera ya kabiri yakorwa gusa ariko uko ubutegetsi bwa FPR buriho ubu buhinduye imikorere bukemera demokarasi n’ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo.
  2. Gukora amavugururwa akenewe, rigafungura urubuga rwa politiki n’urw’itangazabitekerezo, rigamije gutuma amatora y’ubutaha akorwa mu mudendezo na demokarasi isesesuye. Abayobozi batorwa muri ubwo buryo bazasuzuma politiki y’ubutaka n’amategeko agenga imitungire n’imikoreshereze yabwo, bakabihuza n’ubushake bwa benshi.

 

Inama ku bahinzi n’aborozi

 

Abakoresha ubutaka bukorerwaho ubuhinzi, n’ubwo ari bo benshi mu gihugu, ntibashobora guhabwa ibyemezo by’umutungo bwite w’ubutaka. IMVUGO IKUNZE GUKORESHWA NA LETA NGO ABATURAGE NIBAJYE GUFATA IBYEMEZO BYA BURUNDU BY’UBUTAKA BWABO YUZUYEMO UBURIGANYA N’UBUHENDO BIKABIJE KUKO ICYO ABATURAGE BAHABWA ARI KONTARO Y’AMASEZERANO Y’UBUKODE, umuntu yagereranya n’inyandiko y’amasezerano yo kwatisha umurima.

Kubera ko umwuka wasunikiye FPR gushyiraho amategeko aheza rubanda mu mitungire y’ubutaka ntaho wagiye, bituma umuntu atakwitega ko izabikosora, niba ufite icyemezo cy’amasezerano y’UBUKODE bw’ubutaka wagiranye na leta ngo ubukoreshe mu buhinzi cyangwa ubworozi, ukwiye kwihatira gusobanukirwa neza ibi bikurikira:

  1. Umutungo wawe utimukanwa ugarukira GUSA ku nyubako cyangwa ibiti biri kuri ubwo butaka. UBUTAKA NYIRIZINA SI UBWAWE NA MBA.
  2. Leta ishobora kubukoresha icyo ishatse igihe cyose imyaka yagenwe mu masezerano y’ubukode mwagiranye yaba irangiye. Ariko na mbere y’uko iyo myaka irangira, leta ihisemo kubukwimuraho (= expropriation) yabikora NTA NGURANE Y’UBUTAKA cyangwa INDISHYI yabwo iguhaye. Uramutse nta nyubako cyangwa ibiti wari ubufiteho, WAGENDA AMARA MASA. Amagambo ya nyakubahwa Ndayisaba Fidèle, wari umuyobozi w’umujyi wa Kigali igihe yayavugaga, aboneka mu kinyamakuru Igihe cyo ku ya 28 Weruwe 2013, agaragaza neza igihagararo cya leta kuri iyi ngingo. Yasobanuye ko mu gihe cyo kwimurwa na leta ubutaka butishyurwa kuko ari ubwayo, maze atsindagiriza ko ibikorwa biburiho ari byo byonyine bitangirwa indishyi cyangwa ingurane.3
  3. Usanze bitabangamiye inyungu zawe mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi, wagerageza kubyaza ubutaka wakodeshejwe umusaruro mwinshi ushoboka, waba inkwakuzi ukanihutira gukora ibishoboka byose ugamije gutera bya biti bibangikanywa n’ibihingwa cyangwa ishyamba ahatubatse amazu hose. Utabigenje utyo, mu gihe byaba bibaye ngombwa ko wimurwa, NTA NGURANE, NTA N’INYISHYU IYO ARI YO YOSE wakwitega guhabwa kuri aho hantu. Ariko nanone wazirikana ko leta ya FPR ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kunyunyuza imitsi ya rubanda rw’abahinzi n’aborozi no kubajujubya, hakubiyemo n’uburenganzira bwo gufatira ubutaka ku mpamvu yishyiriyeho.4 Bityo hari ababonye ko ibyo byo gutera ibiti n’amashyamba no kubaka amazu nabyo bidahagije cyangwa ko mu mimere imwe n’imwe bishobora gusa nk’aho nta nyungu irimo, maze bahitamo gukora ibindi babona ko bitabashyira mu buja mu mayeri cyangwa ngo bibagushe mu gihombo. Ibyo ari byo byose, nyuma yo kumenya ibi, buri wese, nawe urimo, afite uburyo yagira amahitamo meza mu bihereranye n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka YATIJWE na leta.
  4. Uramutse uhisemo guharanira ko ibintu bihinduka hagamijwe ko RUBANDA NAYO IHABWA INKONDABUTAKA waba ufashe umwanzuro nyamibwa.

 

Inama ku bubatse ku butaka bakodesha

 

Waba uri umuganga, umuhinzi, umusirikari, umupolisi, umucungamutungo, umunyapolitiki, umudipolomate, umushoferi, umunyamategeko, umunyamakuru, umwarimu, umushakashatsi…waba ukorera umushahara, wikorera ku giti cyawe, uri umushomeri cyangwa ukiri umunyeshuri…uwo waba uri we wese, URARUHIRA UBUSA NIBA NTACYO UBONA WAKORA KUGIRANGO UHABWE ICYEMEZO CY’UMUTUNGO BWITE W’UBUTAKA KURI BURI KIBANZA WUBATSEHO CYANGWA UTEGANYA KUBAKAHO. Uku ni ko kuri, n’ubwo kutaryoheye amatwi! Uraruhira ubusa niba ayo winjiza buri kwezi (bikoroheye, wiyushye akuya, bigusizemo imvune ku mubiri no mu bwonko, ugombye gutanga inyoroshyo cyangwa bishobora kuba byanaguteranije n’abavandimwe, inshuti cyangwa abafatanyabikorwa) uyashora mu bikorwa byo kubaka amazu no kugura ibibanza ku butaka bw’u Rwanda…KERETSE wenda niba ubigura ugahita ubigurisha abandi mu buryo bwo kwishakiramo inyungu ya vuba na bwangu. Ariko nabwo abo ubigurisha ari ntacyo bizabamarira ni ukubapfunyikira amazi!

Kutagira inkondabutaka mbere yo kubaka hamwe no gushidikanya ko umuntu yazayihabwa amaze kubaka ni byo byatumye abo leta y’u Bufaransa yasabaga gufatanya nabo kubaka ahahoze ikigo ndangamuco cy’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa (Centre d’Echanges Culturels Franco-Rwandais) batabyitabira, maze amaherezo izibukira icyo kibanza. Ni koko, inkuru zo mu binyamakuru bitandukanye zigaragaza ko ubwo Ambassade y’u Bufaransa yatumiriraga abashoramari babishaka gufatanya nayo kuhubaka inzu igezweho nk’uko ubuyobozi bw’umujyi wa Kigali bwabisabaga, baciwe intege no kuba batari biteguye gushora imari yabo ku butaka bafiteho ubukode bw’imyaka 30 gusa, maze bakomeza guseta ibirenge kugeza ubwo Leta y’u Rwanda ifashe icyemezo cyo kwisubiza icyo kibanza.5 Uko ni na ko bizagenda ku banyarwanda bafite ibibanza ariko badafite amikoro yo kubyubakamo inzu ziri ku rwego leta ishaka ari nako kutagira inkondabutaka bituma nta n’undi witeguye gufatanya nabo cyangwa ngo abahe inguzanyo ihagije. Urugero, tekereza ku byabaye ku bantu bari barashoye amafaranga yabo mu gace k’ubucuruzi ko mu mujyi wa Butare kitwa ‘mu cyarabu’. Abari bahafite amazu y’ubucuruzi bahatiwe kuyafunga kuzageza igihe bazaba bamaze kuyasimbuza amagorofa agezweho! Mbese, umuntu yakwitega ko abatazabishobora bazemererwa kongera gufungura amazu yabo ngo bayakoreremo? Oya rwose. Ahubwo bashobora kuzafatwa nk’abadashoboye gukoresha neza ubutaka batijwe maze babwamburwe buhabwe abandi biteguye kubuzamuraho amagorofa nk’uko leta ibyifuza.

Clare Rant, impuguke mu by’imitungire y’imitungo itimukanwa, asobanura iby’ubukode bw’ubutaka n’inkondabutaka muri aya magambo: ‘having a leasehold [= ubukode burambye] means a person has the right to use a property for a set period of time, usuallly in return of a rent. At the end of the term, the property reverts back to the freehold owner [= nyir’inkondabutaka]. In contrast, a freehold is where the property is owned for an unlimited period of time‘. Ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda, mu biheranye n’ubutaka, byavuga ngo ‘ukodesha yemerewe gukoresha ubutaka akodesha mu gihe runaka GIFITE IHEREZO akenshi anatanga amafaranga y’ikode. Nyuma y’icyo gihe uburengazira bwose bwo kubukoresha busubizwa nyirabwo ubufiteho inkondabutaka‘.6 Emma Lunn, umwanditsi w’inkuru y’ikinyamakuru The Guardian yo ku ya 3 Gashyantare 2013 yunze mu rya Clare Rant yifashishije amagambo ya Sebastian O’Kelly, umuvugizi w’ikigo cyazobereye mu by’ubukode burambye, Leasehold Knowledge Partnership, aho asobanura impamvu zo kwitondera iby’ubukode ku mitungo itimukanwa agira ati: ‘naïve leaseholders buy a flat and think that –more or less– they have bought the equivalent of a freehold home. In fact, they have bought a long-term rental…’, bishatse gusobanura ngo ‘abatereba kure bashobora kwibeshya ko kugura ikibanza gikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ubukode bihwanye no kugura ubutaka mu buryo bwa burundu, nyamara baba bibeshya kuko icyo baba baguze ari ubwo bukode nyine bw’igihe runaka‘.7

Inama ni uko warushaho gushakisha uburyo wabonamo inkondabutaka. Kubera ko utakwitega ko bizakorohera kubigeraho cyane ko uwahisemo kuzigenera bamwe akazima abandi ntaho yagiye kandi nta n’ikigaragaza ko azisubiraho agaha abanyarwanda bose uburenganzira bungana. Ushobora gusanga wakungukirwa kurushaho no guharanira ko ibintu bihinduka, maze RUBANDA NAYO IGAHABWA INKONDABUTAKA, aho gukomeza kugoka wubaka ku musenyi. Ni koko kubaka ku butaka udashobora kubonaho inkondabutaka ni ukubaka ku musenyi kubera ko, niba bitaranatangira, igihe kizagera ubwo abantu bazajya baha agaciro amazu yubatswe hakurikijwe imyaka isigaye ngo ubukode bw’ikibanza yubatseho irangire, nk’uko bigenda ahandi.5, 6

Inama ku mpirimbanyi za demokarasi

 

Bimaze kugaragara ko leta ya FPR igenda ihigika rubanda ku bintu ubusanzwe abaturage bakagombye kuba bafiteho uburenganzira ntayegayezwa. Kubera izo mpamvu, Impirimbanyi za demokarasi n’abandi bafite uburyo bwo gucukumbura no gutangaza uburiganya, ubusambo n’ubuhendo bwa FPR mu bintu binyuranye bigize imibereho y’abanyarwanda, bashobora kwiringira badashidikanya ko nibakoresha ubwo buryo bafite bagafasha rubanda gutahura aho ikwiye kugira amakenga, abanyarwanda batazabura kubibashimira. By’umwihariko, abashobora kubona amakuru yimbitse ku mitangire y’impapuromamo z’ubutaka bazakore icyegeranyo cy’umubare w’abamaze kubona impapuro nkondabutaka n’abatarazibona cyangwa batanemerewe kuzihabwa muturere twose tw’igihugu kandi babitangarize rubanda. Nanone, hazasobanurwe icyo leta ya FPR iba igamije iyo ifashe icyemezo cyo gukura za hegitari z’ubutaka runaka mu mutungo RUSANGE w’igihugu ikabushyira mu mutungo BWITE wayo, niba atari ukwishyiriraho uburyo bwo kuzarangira ibuhaye intore butore zayo (reba itangazo ry’ibyemezo by’inama y’abaminisitiri idasanzwe yo ku wa 24 Kamena 2016, ingingo ya 9, umurongo wa 4)!8 Mu gihe ibyo bitaraba, abirya bakimara ngo bubake mu bibanza bafiteho uburenganzira bw’ubukode gusa bakwiye kubanza kwibaza niba leta izafata inyumbako zabo nk’izabahesha inkodabutaka. Naho ubundi, kwigora wubaka inzu ku kibanza ufiteho uburenganzira bw’ubukode bw’imyaka makumyabiri cyangwa mirongo itatu gusa, ntibitanga icyizere cyane cyane ku muntu uzi neza imikorere ya FPR!

NOTES

*Seburanga J. Leonard ni umwalimu wahindutse impirimbanyi, umwenegihugu wahindutse impunzi, rubanda rugufi wiyemeje gukora politiki. Inyandiko z’ubushakashatsi yakoze zigaragara mu bitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga, birimo ibitangazwa na Elsevier, Springer, Taylor & Francis n’abandi. Yigishaga akanakora ubushakashatsi muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda kugeza ahunze ubutegetsi bw’igitugu mu Ugushyingo 2015. Ubu aba mu gihugu cy’u Bubiligi.

1Itegeko Ngenga n° 08/2005 ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena Imikoreshereze n’Imicungire y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda ryasimbuwe n’Itegeko Ngenga No 03/2013/OL ryo kuwa 16/06/2013. Nyamara iri tegeko rishya mu ngingo yaryo ya 3 riteganya ko ‘mu gihe atarahindurwa, amategeko, amateka n’amabwiriza yashyiraga mu bikorwa Itegeko Ngenga n° 08/2005 ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda akomeza kubahirizwa mu ngingo zayo zose zitanyuranije n’itegeko rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda‘.

2Rwanda Natural Resources Authority, 2016. Land transfers in 2015. Retrieved from:http://www.rnra.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/land_doc/Land_Transfers_by_District_in_2015.pdf(last accessed 14 June 2016).

3Eugenie Umuhoza, 28 Werurwe 2013. Kigali: abagera ku bihumbi 10 bagiye kwimurwa nta ngurane y’ubutaka. Byakuwe kuri: http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/kigali-abagera-ku-bihumbi-10-bagiye-kwimurwa-nta-ngurane-y-ubutaka.html (last accessed 15 June 2016).

4Ingingo ya 15 y’amasezerano y’ubukode igira iti: ‘Nk’uko biteganywa n’Itegeko Ngenga cyangwa itegeko rigena uburyo indishyi itangwa ku butaka bukodeshejwe cyangwa bwataye agaciro, Leta igomba guha Ukodesha indishyi ikwiye mu gihe cya vuba. Ukodesha ntabwo ahabwa indishyi igihe ubutaka bufatiriwe hakurijwe ibiteganywa n’Umutwe wa VI w’Itegeko Ngenga‘ (Reba ku ipaji y’inyuma y’urupapuro rwanditseho ngo ‘AMASEZERANO Y’UBUKODE BURAMBYE’ mu zigize ibyangombwa by’ubutaka wahawe n’Urwego rw’Umubitsi w’Impapurompamo z’Ubutaka).

5Pierre Boissolet, 4 Juillet 2014. Rwanda : le centre culturel franco-rwandais de Kigali démoli à la pelleteuse. Tiré de: http://www.jeuneafrique.com/51106/politique/rwanda-le-centre-culturel-franco-rwandais-de-kigali-d-emoli-la-pelleteuse (last accessed 29 May 2016)>>.

6Clare Rant, 14 October 2011. What’s the difference between leasehold and freehold? Retrieved from:http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/property/advice/propertyclinic/8824968/Whats-the-difference-between-leasehold-and-freehold.html (last accessed 16 June 2016).

7Emma Lunn, 3 February 2013. Beware the ‘cheaper’ leasehold option that could cost more in the long run. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/money/2013/feb/03/beware-lease-hold-cost-more (last acessed 16 June 2016).

8Igihe, 24 Kamena 2016. Itangazo ry’ibyemezo by’inama y’abaminisitiri idasanzwe yo ku wa 24 Kamena 2016. Byakuwe kuri: http://www.igihe.com/politiki/amakuru/article/itangazo-ry-ibyemezo-by-inama-y-abaminisitiri-idasanzwe-yo-ku-wa-24-kamena-2016 (last accessed 9 July 2016).

Source:Seburanga Jean Léonard

 

The IMF and the World Bank Should Say No To Cronyism in Rwanda — Open Letter to Ms. Christine Lagarde and Dr. Jim Yong Kim

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KCCAugust 5, 2016

Ms. Christine Lagarde, Managing Director, The International Monetary Fund, 700 19th St NW, Washington, DC 20431, United States

Dr. Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433, United States

Dear Ms. Lagarde and Dr. Kim,

RE: Cronyism will plunge Rwanda into chaos if left unchecked by the country’s financiers

I begin my letter by thanking you for supporting my home country, Rwanda. In 2016 alone, your two agencies will lend Rwanda nearly a half billion dollars — the World Bank’s loans and grants amount USD285 million while the IMF’s Standby credit totals USD204 million.

The purpose of this open letter, however, is about cronyism in Rwanda. Case in point is the Kigali Convention Centre (KCC), financed by the larger part of the USD400 million Eurobond the Kagame government raised in 2013. Shockingly, a company by the name of Prime Holdings Ltd is a major shareholder with 50% shares.

Now, Prime Holdings Ltd’s notoriety is documented in the IMF’s records, as I discovered when researching for my new book, Kagame’s Economic Mirage(2016). Back in 2006, the IMF concluded that Rwanda’s “adherence to conditionality was poor” because, among other things, “the publication of Prime Holdings’ audit was not met.” At the time, Rwanda was building two major hotels that would be the launchpad of its tourism business. Prime Holdings Ltd was in charge of this project.

In response to the IMF’s findings, the Kagame government admitted that Prime Holdings was corrupt and should not be in business. In a letter dated May 18, 2006, to the then IMF’s Managing Director, Mr. Rodrigo de Rato y Figaredo, Rwanda’s Finance Minister, James Musoni, and Governor of the National Bank of Rwanda, Francois Kanimba, described Prime Holdings Ltd as follows:

“With a view to enhancing transparency related to Prime Holdings’ two hotels, we have published a financial audit and business plan of Prime Holdings in December 2005 (missed end-September performance criterion). As the auditors concluded that “it was not possible to determine if proper books of account were kept by the hotels”, we have canceled the contract with the management company and are in negotiations with the Intercontinental group to take on the management of the hotels.”

So now, how does the discredited Prime Holdings Ltd which the Kagame government terminated a decade ago reemerge to own 50% of KCC? That is not all. Crystal Ventures Ltd (CVL) is also a shareholder in KCC. Owned by the ruling party, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), CVL is synonymous with cronyism in Rwanda. Without government contracts in building roads, chartering executive jets to President Paul Kagame, or constructing a stadium for a local municipality, CVL would collapse. CVL is the most critical deterrent to domestic and foreign investment in Rwanda — and explains why Rwanda’s top rankings in the World Bank’s Doing Business indicators hardly make a difference.

There is no question that we are witnessing in KCC entrenched cronyism via state capture by the ruling elite in Rwanda. Prime Holdings Ltd is a shadowy front. It does not have an address or website. Prime Holdings’ premises in Kimihurura were turned into military officers’ quarters by President Kagame in 2009. Rwandans thought we had seen the last of this mafia-like company, only to reemerge, in control of even much larger assets — KCC.

As Rwanda’s leading financiers, the IMF and the World Bank have an obligation to hold the Kagame government accountable to transparency. We urge your two agencies to leverage your lending and surveillance powers to intervene before Rwanda’s ruling elite bankrupts the nation.

At the very least, the government of Rwanda should explain how, when, and why it resuscitated Prime Holdings Ltd, after assuring the IMF that the corrupt company closed ten years ago.

Most Sincerely,

David Himbara

Source: https://medium.com/@dhimbara

Here is the reason why Kagame wants to stay in power: he is scared of poverty.

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President Paul Kagame has been of late living like a happy king. The Kagames happily showcased the posh city of Kigali, and Rwanda’s “economic miracle” by hosting the World Economic Forum in May 2016. And then the Kagames were off to Europe to watch the UEFA Championship League finals in Milan, Italy. From there they jetted to the United States to celebrate the youngest son’s graduation from high school. That is truly a lifestyle fitting a king, queen, princess and princes.

But Kagame’s Rwanda is far from a happy kingdom — the latest GDP rankings are out and confirm what we already know. While King Paul is on top of the world, his country is among the top for the wrong reasons; in poverty. Here is the list, beginning with the poorest all the way to the richest in the world.

Kagame’s Rwanda is the 17th most poorest in the world. Here is the 2015 GDP per capita rankings (by Purchasing power parity, (PPP)), beginning with the poorest of the poor, the Central African Republic.

— — — — — — — — — — — — — —

  1. Central African Republic
  2. DR, Congo
  3. Malawi
  4. Liberia
  5. Burundi
  6. Niger
  7. Mozambique
  8. Eritrea
  9. Guinea
  10. Madagascar
  11. Guinea-Bissau
  12. Togo
  13. Mali
  14. Kiribati
  15. Ethiopia
  16. Comoros
  17. Rwanda
  18. Burkina Faso
  19. Uganda
  20. Haiti
  21. Gambia
  22. Solomon Islands
  23. Benin
  24. Aghanistan
  25. Tanzania
  26. Zimbabwe
  27. Sierra Leone
  28. South Sudan
  29. Senegal
  30. Nepal
  31. Vanuatu
  32. Chad
  33. Tajikistan
  34. Papua New Guinea
  35. Côte D’Ivoire
  36. Lesotho
  37. Cameroon
  38. Djibouti
  39. Micronesia, Federated States O
  40. Marshall Islands
  41. Kenya
  42. Sao Tome And Principe
  43. Cambodia
  44. Kyrgyz Republic
  45. Mauritania
  46. Bangladesh
  47. Yemen
  48. Ghana
  49. Zambia
  50. Sudan
  51. Honduras
  52. Pakistan
  53. Nicaragua
  54. Moldova
  55. Myanmar
  56. Tonga
  57. Samoa
  58. Lao People’S Democratic Republic
  59. Uzbekistan
  60. Viet Nam
  61. India
  62. Nigeria
  63. Bolivia
  64. Cape Verde
  65. Congo, Rep.
  66. Guyana
  67. Timor Leste
  68. Philippines
  69. Guatemala
  70. Armenia
  71. Swaziland
  72. Morocco
  73. Georgia
  74. Bhutan
  75. El Salvador
  76. Belize
  77. Ukraine
  78. Fiji
  79. Angola
  80. Paraguay
  81. Jamaica
  82. Bosnia And Herzegovina
  83. Indonesia
  84. Dominica
  85. Mongolia
  86. Sri Lanka
  87. Namibia
  88. Saint Vincent And The Grenadines
  89. Saint Lucia
  90. Egypt, Arab Republic
  91. Albania
  92. Ecuador
  93. Tunisia
  94. Grenada
  95. Jordan
  96. Peru
  97. Serbia
  98. Maldives
  99. South Africa
  100. Dominica
  101. Macedonian Republic
  102. China
  103. Colombia
  104. Algeria
  105. Thailand
  106. Brazil
  107. Costa Rica
  108. Turkmenistan
  109. Palau
  110. Montenegro
  111. Barbados
  112. Botswana
  113. Iran, Islamic Republic Of
  114. Suriname
  115. Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic Of
  116. Bulgaria
  117. Lebanon
  118. Mexico
  119. Mauritius
  120. Belarus
  121. Azerbaijan
  122. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
  123. Turkey
  124. Romania
  125. Croatia
  126. Saint Kitts And Nevis
  127. Uruguay
  128. Panama
  129. Argentina
  130. Gabon
  131. Antigua And Barbuda
  132. Chile
  133. Latvia
  134. Russian Federation
  135. Kazakhstan
  136. Hungary
  137. Seychelles
  138. Poland
  139. Bahamas
  140. Malaysia
  141. Greece
  142. Portugal
  143. Estonia
  144. Lithuania
  145. Cyprus
  146. Slovak Republic
  147. Czech Republic
  148. Equatorial Guinea
  149. Slovenia
  150. Trinidad And Tobago
  151. Malta
  152. Israel
  153. Spain
  154. Italy
  155. New Zealand
  156. Korea, Republic Of
  157. Japan
  158. United Kingdom
  159. Finland
  160. France
  161. Belgium
  162. Iceland
  163. Oman
  164. Denmark
  165. Canada
  166. Taiwan
  167. Germany
  168. Sweden
  169. Austria
  170. Australia
  171. Ireland
  172. Netherlands
  173. Bahrain
  174. Saudi Arabia
  175. Switzerland
  176. United States
  177. Hong Kong
  178. United Arab Emirates
  179. Norway
  180. Kuwait
  181. Brunei Darussalam
  182. Singapore
  183. Luxembourg
  184. Qatar

David Himbara

In meanhwile, Paul Kagame has changed the constitution to allow himself rights to a third term in presidency. Some observers reason that in Africa, being a president is a way to get rich and enjoy all best privileges. There are those who think, due to his unhappy childhood, Kagame is taking advantage to compensate all joys and happines he did not get when he was still a street boy. Apparently, Mr President does not want to go back to the poverty in which more than 60% of his peaople are living in. Even though the man would have saved a lot of money, by losing presidency, he would have lost privileges that go with his seat. Following are pictures that depict the contrast in Rwandans’ lifestyle:

Kagames

The Kagames

poor children

Ordinary Rwandan kids

brian-ange

Kagame’s kids

utwana

Ordinary Rwandan kids

water problem

That is the water the ordinary people drink

street women

Clean streets , yet the signs of poverty.

Igice-kimwe-cyinyubako-zibitaro-bya-Nemba-696x391

What about this decaying Hospital in the Northern Province?

Mu gihe ubukene bunuma, amashuri y’umwana wa Paul Kagame yatwaye akayabo ka miliyoni 150

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brian-ange

Ese koko Brian (ari kumwe na mushiki we Ange) ngo yajyanywe kwiga muri America kuko FPR yanze guteza imbere uburezi mu Rwanda muri gahunda yo gupyinagaza rubanda rugufi?!

Tumaze kumenya ko Perezida Paul Kagame afite umwana warangije amashuri yisumbuye muri Amerika, twashatse kumenya amafaranga iryo shuri ryaka abana baryigamo. Nkuko twabibwiwe Brian Kagame, ubucura bwa Paul na Jeannette Kagame, yigaga mw’ishuri rihenze ryitwa Deerfield Academy riherereye muri leta ya Massachussets.

Ku mwaka iryo shuri ririhisha ibihumbi hafi 50 by’amadorari ($49,625) ku mwaka. Nukuvuga ko mu myaka ine byatwaye hafi ibihumbi 200 ($200,000) by’amadorari angana na Miliyoni 150 z’amanyarwanda kugirango umuhungu wa Kagame Brian yige amashuri yisumbuye.

Dore ibibazo umuntu yakwibaza nyuma yo kumva ko undi muhungu wa Kagame yarangije kwiga amashuri yisumbuye muri Amerika:

  1. Ese ko batubwira ko u Rwanda rwateye imbere, Perezida Kagame yabuze ishuri mu Rwanda ryashobora guha abana be inyigisho ku rwego rw’amashuri yisumbuye?
  2. Ese kuba Kagame yohereza abana be kwiga hanze ntibyaba ari ikimenyetso simusiga ko nawe atemera aho uburezi mu Rwanda buhagaze? Perezida Habyarimana we yanze ko abana be bajya kwiga amashuri yisumbuye hanze kuburyo bose bigaga mu gihugu akabohereza hanze bagiye kwiga za kaminuza.
  3. None se kuriha $200,000 (Ibihumbi 200 by’amadorari) amashuri yisumbuye nabyo twabyita kwiha agaciro cyangwa ni ugutesha agaciro uburezi bw’u Rwanda?
  4. None se aya mafaranga ninde uyariha? Ni Kagame cyangwa ni igihugu? Ese koko niba Kagame ariwe uriha akaba hari gihe yari afite abana 4 bose biga muri Amerika bivuga ko wenda yarihaga $200,000 ku mwaka, aya mafaranga ayakurahe mu gihe tuzi ko umushara we ku mwaka utarenze ibihumbi 200 by’amadorari?

Mu gusoza njye nakwemeza mvuga ko kuriha $50,000 k’umwaka amashuri yisumbuye ari ugusesagura cyane cyane ko mu Rwanda hari abarimu badahembwa neza ndetse n’ibindi bibazo igihugu gifite nk’iby’inzara, ubukene n’ibindi.

Justin Gatabazi
Los Angeles

There is a need of an independent audit into Kagame’s luxurious life.

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pk

Last night (28 May 2016) Rwanda’s extravagant, selfish and egocentric king was at it again. Like in the past, an annual habit, he attended last night’s Champion league final between Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid.

While the Country is going through horrendous economic failures and unpleasant poverty; Rwanda’s self-proclaimed king was spending the Country’s meagre resources in feeding his addiction and uncontrolled celebrity lifestyle. The usual habit of living like a King of a petroleum producing state, rather than a ruthless ruler from a banana republic state.

As usual, the government spent the tax payer’s money in hiring a private transport jet from Kagame’s own Crystal Venture Company to take him for this game, the resources spent on hotels for him, his delegation which include advanced and close protection team, the parking airport fee -tax for the plane , the air tax – space tax which include pollution tax, foreign trip allowances for his delegation including his escorts, air tickets for his advanced escort team….etc. All these are paid courtesy of the state.

While the junta was in San Siro enjoying the Champion league, Rwanda’s economy is in a nose dive spiral. Price of commodities is increasing on daily basis, soon it will be uncontrolled inflation. The currency is losing its value, the central bank for long, have failed to stabilise the Rwandan francs against international currencies like the dollar. The government is facing high levels of trade deficit, importing more than it exports and this is due to medieval economic policies agitated by this criminal regime.

There is massive capital flight due to negative business conditions, irresponsible fiscal policies and political interferences, thus, small scale investors, local traders and businessmen are opting to relocate to neighbouring countries like Uganda and Tanzania or the Southern Countries of Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi and Angola. There is total lack of foreign currencies on the market, we all know the economic consequences of this!!

Mortgage foreclosures is rampant and on the increase, this is due to people losing their work – redundancy, business bankruptcies – collapses, inflation and high interest rates of these mortgages.

The country is facing high levels of unemployment especially among the youth and no clear government policy to curb this trend. As the economy continues to contract, the level of unemployment will also continue to increase. Rwanda’s minister of finance – Claver Gatete recently told the IMF that, the country is left with 3 months of reserved cash and it need IMF fund injection to re-boost the dying economy.

As the Junta lives a celebrity life style, the Country is living on credit card, the Country’s borrowing levels 2014 – 15 quadruples that of Burundi, yet both countries have a similar economic base. Rwanda’s credit rating has been down graded due to its loan payment failures, thus making borrowing rates to be high.

For the purpose of getting operational funds for this criminal government, while also maintaining the celebrity lifestyle of the Junta. The governmet has been selling government bonds, the majority of which have been bought/purchased by
financial sharks at exuberant high interest rate. This has put the future generation at risk, the Country will service these debts at high interest rates.

As the Junta was wining and dining, civil servants are receiving salaries which doesn’t reflect the rate of inflation and in most cases salarues and wages being paid late.

Like in any totalitarian regime, as the Junta is enjoying in Milan, his paid apologists with the help of well paid Public Relations firms based in Western World; they will continue to paint doctored picture of Rwanda under Dictator Kagame as a heaven on earth. Just this week, a reknown sycophant and head of National Itorero Taskforce refered to Rwanda’s junta as “god”.

We all know that, Rwanda can’t be heaven when the smell of poverty has engulfed the whole Country. Rwanda can’t be heaven when nepotism, injustice and unfairness are daily occurrences. Rwanda can’t be heaven when inequality is a state norm. Rwanda can’t be heaven when human right abuses are state policies. Rwanda can’t be heaven when all freedoms have been suppressed by all means necessary.

According to Atifete Jahjaga, “Democracy must be built through open societies that share information. When there is information, there is enlightenment. When there is debate, there are solutions. When there is no democracy and sharing of power, there is no rule of law, no accountability, there is abuse, corruption, subjugation and indignation.”

Source:    Great Lakes Post

Hakwiye iperereza ku mitungo ya Paul Kagame

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mobile president
Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame, mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize tariki ya 28/052016 yagiye mu gihugu cy’u Butaliyani mu mujyi wa Milan, ngo ajyanywe no kureba umupira w’amaguru.
Ibinyamakuru byinshi byagarutse kuri iyi nkuru ndetse bimwe ugasanga bigaya uru rugendo. Nyamara ariko ibi binyamakuru birasa n’ibishakira ikibazo aho kitari, bitavuze ko ikibazo kidahari! Ubwabyo kuba umuntu yafata akanya ko kwishimisha si ikibazo.
Ahubwo ikibazo ni iki:
  1. Kagame amafaranga afite ayabona mu buryo bufututse?
  2. Ese ajya akorerwa igenzura nk’umukuru w’igihugu ngo ibyerekeranye n’umutungo we bijye ahabona?
  3. Iryo genzura ryerekana iki?
  4. Ese ingendo nk’izi zo kujya kwishimisha zishyurwa na nde?
  5. Aramutse ari amafranga ye, yabonye mu buryo bufututse nta mpungenge byatera.

Ni ngombwa ko Paul Kagame atanga ibisubizo kuri ibi bibazo kugira ngo abaturage babone koko ko umukuru wabo atari umunyamurengwe wokamwe n’ingeso yo gukorakora agasabikwa no gusesagura umutungo w’igihugu.

Iyo umukuru w’igihugu adatanga urubuga rw’ubwisanzure ngo inzego zibishinzwe zimukorere Igenzura, zimenye umutungo we n’uburyo ucungwamo, haba hari impungenge ko ashobora gukoresha umwanya afite agasesagura umutungo w’igihugu akenshi uba waturutse mu misoro cyangwa mu nguzanyo igihugu cyafashe zikazishyurwa na buri mwenegihugu. Nko mu minsi ishize byagaragaye ko isanduku ya keta yabuzemo amafranga arenga miliyoni 200 n’imisago, nyamara nta perereza ryakozwe ngo ababikoze babiryozwe. Ni iki cyemeza ko Kagame atakoze muri aya?

Hari inyandiko nyinshi zagiye zigaragazwa n’abamwegereye zigaragaza uburyo uyu mugabo Paul Kagame yaba yigwizaho imitungo kandi akayisesagura mu gihe umuturage usanzwe atabasha kubona ibyo kurya bimuhagije, igihe abakozi badahembwa,igihe abanyeshuri badahabwa inguzanyo ngo babashe kwiga, igihe igihugu gikomeje gutega amaboko inkunga z’amahanga ngo kibashe guhuza icyuho mu ngengo y’imari.
Igitangaje ni uko ingendo z’uyu mukuru w’igihugu ziba zihenze cyane kuko agenda mu ndege ya wenyine (private jet) yishyurwa akayabo, aho ihagarikwa mu gihe imutegereje naho hakishyurirwa, hoteli araramo ikaba ihenze cyane( hagati y’ibihumbi 15 na 20 by’amadolari ku ijoro rimwe),…Ikindi kandi iyi ndege imutwara yanditse ku izina rye, ni ukuvuga ko Leta iyikodesha amafranga akajya kuri compte ye!
Ibi byose iyo byikusanyije niho usanga urugendo rwose akoze rukurura impaka. Hiyongeraho ko muri raporo zimaze iminsi zisohoka zerekana ibigo by’imari bya Paul Kagame bifite amafaranga menshi abitse hanze y’igihugu mu buryo budasobanutse. Kagame ntiyigeze agira icyo abivugaho wenda akibwira ko bizacira aho!?
Umuti:
Ntawe umubujije kwishimisha kuko ni ngombwa mu buzima. Ariko hagomba kubaho urubuga rw’ubwisanzure mu gihugu abantu bakamubaza ibi bibazo nawe akabisubiza niba yumva ntacyo yishisha. Nareke opposition ikore mu bwisanzure izamufasha kwikosora kuko ariyo yonyine yasaba ko audit yigenga ikorwa maze iyo mitungo ye ndetse n’iy’abandi bategetsi ikagaragara ko itanyuze mu bujura n’amanyanga.
Kubera ko mu gihugu hari ubukene bwinshi, ariko bikaba bigaragara ko perezida we butamugeraho, kandi buri wese yifuza kuva mu bukene, byatuma buri wese ashaka kuba perezida wa repubulika. Ibaze abantu miliyoni 12 bose barwanira ubukire ni ukuvuga bashaka kuba ba perezida wa repubulika! Ibi bisobanura intambara mu gihugu ishobora guhanganisha abakize n’abakennye, bamwe bashaka gukomeza kwigwizaho imitungo mu gihe abandi baharanira kuyigira.
Nta majyambere arambye ashoboka mu gihe hatabayeho transparency mu micungire y’imari no mu mitegekere yigihugu.
Ubwanditsi.

Rwanda : vers une solution de l’énergie électrique?

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centrale_electrique 2

C’est à juste titre que les Rwandais et particulièrement les riverains du lac Kivu, peuvent être fiers de la centrale KivuWatt. D’abord parce que le pompage du méthane réduira le niveau du gaz (potentielle menace à la vie), et ensuite, du fait que ce produit, au départ dangereux, sera transformé en énergie électrique; une première au « pays des mille collines ». Après 14 mois, le Rwanda vient donc, d’inaugurer une nouvelle centrale. Mais, la production est-elle satisfaisante au jour d’aujourd’hui?

Au regard de la situation, on est encore trop loin du compte. Les attentes restent trop élevées, et deux questions pertinentes se posent. Pourquoi un tel retard dans un secteur aussi important? Pourquoi l’électrification n’a pas été parmi les priorités? Ces mêmes questionnements méritent également des solutions dans un autre secteur vital, très en retard, à savoir l’alimentation en eau potable et raccordement au réseau d’eau.

Restons sur le sujet en titre. Il est vrai que 54MW acquis en une année,  ne sont pas négligeables. En mars 2015, c’était la centrale hydro-électrique de Nyabarongo pour produire 28MW, et le 16 mai 2016 c’était l’inauguration de la centrale au méthane sur le lac Kivu, déjà opérationnelle depuis décembre 2015 avec 26 mégawatts. Construite à l’Ouest du pays, cette centrale produit de l’énergie qui s’ajoute à la capacité de production d’environ 160MW dont disposait déjà le pays.

Quel était l’objectif 2020 en électrification?

Le gouvernement rwandais avait tablé sur 563MW d’une valeur de 2.7milliards d’ici 2019-2020. De très bonnes ambitions, mais avec quelles stratégies et capacités financières? Le pays prévoit d’importer 30MW du Kenya (sachant que la distance est de 1350kms) et 400MW de l’Ethiopie (à 2700kms du Rwanda). C’est un projet coûteux et difficile à réaliser dans 3 ans. En 2012, le ministre de l’époque, ayant en charge des infrastructures, avait même promis la production de 1000MW pour 2017!

Selon  geopolitique-electricite.fr, « 700 000 Rwandais avaient accès à l’électricité en 2008, et presque un million en plus début 2013. La proportion est passée de 6 à 17% de la population de 2008 en 2014 ». Un pas a été franchi,  cependant, beaucoup reste à faire. En 2016, on n’a même pas atteint ¼ de la population ayant accès à l’électricité.

Ce ne sont pas des financements qui font défaut!

Selon la Banque mondiale, le programme de déploiement d’électricité au Rwanda, en anglais EARP (Electricity Access Rollout Project) est financé par un crédit de 70 millions de dollars, sans intérêts, de l’Association internationale de développement (IDA), de la Banque mondiale, en partenariat avec la Banque africaine de développement, la Banque arabe pour le développement économique en Afrique, la Belgique, l’Union européenne (UE), le Japon, les Pays-Bas, le Fonds de l’OPEP pour le développement international (OFID) et le Fonds saoudien pour le développement qui ont, au total, mobilisé 348,2 millions de dollars pour ce programme.

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Les coupures, problèmes d’entretien, exploitation et le coût élevé

Il y a deux ans, une enquête menée par la Banque mondiale faisait état de 14 coupures d’électricité par mois, c’est-à-dire, une coupure tous les deux jours. Sur une dizaine de centrales inspectées, huit n’étaient pas en état d’entretien régulier, et subissaient des pannes fréquentes. Les inspecteurs auront aussi remarqué que les transformateurs et pylônes n’étaient pas tous intacts. Par ailleurs, la centrale hydro-électrique de Nyabarongo avait été en arrêt quelques mois seulement, suite à la forte diminution du flux liée au manque de stratégies efficaces en faveur de l’écologie.

D’après un responsable de la Commission Economique des Nations Unies pour l’Afrique (UNECA) basé à Kigali, l’électricité est plus chère au Rwanda qu’à ses voisins. En moyenne, le prix est de 0,24 $ le kWh, comparé à 0,15 $ au Kenya, 0,17$ en Ouganda et 0,05$ en Tanzanie. Même en se basant sur une autre source qui indique 0,20$ le kWh, le prix reste plus élevé.

Les experts dans le domaine, estiment qu’il faudrait au moins 1000MW pour satisfaire les attentes de 12millions de Rwandais, en plus des investisseurs étrangers, les ambitions d’aménagement et planification à moyen et long terme.

En toute évidence, les responsables du pays ont du pain sur la planche, pour rattraper le temps perdu, et pour améliorer le système de fonctionnement. L’électricité et l’eau sont des produits de première nécessité. Certains observateurs n’hésitent pas à relever que ces deux secteurs importants n’ont pas retenu l’attention ni la priorité qu’ils méritaient, ni les efforts qu’il fallait.

Au contraire, les investissements ont été orientés vers des secteurs moins urgents, l’objectif étant la belle image du pays, réellement en « trompe l’œil ». L’accent a été mis sur les « gratte-ciel » et la décoration de la capitale! La construction des « buildings » et l’embellissement d’une ville, est une bonne chose, si et seulement si, elle est précédée par le développement de ces deux secteurs vitaux, l’eau et l’électricité. Lors de la CHAN 2016, les organisateurs ont frôlé le scandale. Il suffit de lire les articles des journalistes étrangers venus couvrir l’évènement. Ils n’ont pas manqué de souligner le manque d’eau et les difficultés en électricité. Il est grand temps, de redoubler les efforts et mettre en avant les priorités.

Source: mulijeanclaude.wordpress.com

“The battle against entrenched power is not only a battle for democracy; it is also a battle for efficiency and shared prosperity” J. Stiglitz

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Stiglitz

Monopoly’s New Era

NEW YORK – For 200 years, there have been two schools of thought about what determines the distribution of income – and how the economy functions. One, emanating from Adam Smith and nineteenth-century liberal economists, focuses on competitive markets. The other, cognizant of how Smith’s brand of liberalism leads to rapid concentration of wealth and income, takes as its starting point unfettered markets’ tendency toward monopoly. It is important to understand both, because our views about government policies and existing inequalities are shaped by which of the two schools of thought one believes provides a better description of reality.

For the nineteenth-century liberals and their latter-day acolytes, because markets are competitive, individuals’ returns are related to their social contributions – their “marginal product,” in the language of economists. Capitalists are rewarded for saving rather than consuming – for their abstinence, in the words of Nassau Senior, one of my predecessors in the Drummond Professorship of Political Economy at Oxford. Differences in income were then related to their ownership of “assets” – human and financial capital. Scholars of inequality thus focused on the determinants of the distribution of assets, including how they are passed on across generations.

The second school of thought takes as its starting point “power,” including the ability to exercise monopoly control or, in labor markets, to assert authority over workers. Scholars in this area have focused on what gives rise to power, how it is maintained and strengthened, and other features that may prevent markets from being competitive. Work on exploitation arising from asymmetries of information is an important example.

In the West in the post-World War II era, the liberal school of thought has dominated. Yet, as inequality has widened and concerns about it have grown, the competitive school, viewing individual returns in terms of marginal product, has become increasingly unable to explain how the economy works. So, today, the second school of thought is ascendant.

After all, the large bonuses paid to banks’ CEOs as they led their firms to ruin and the economy to the brink of collapse are hard to reconcile with the belief that individuals’ pay has anything to do with their social contributions. Of course, historically, the oppression of large groups – slaves, women, and minorities of various types – are obvious instances where inequalities are the result of power relationships, not marginal returns.

In today’s economy, many sectors – telecoms, cable TV, digital branches from social media to Internet search, health insurance, pharmaceuticals, agro-business, and many more – cannot be understood through the lens of competition. In these sectors, what competition exists is oligopolistic, not the “pure” competition depicted in textbooks. A few sectors can be defined as “price taking”; firms are so small that they have no effect on market price. Agriculture is the clearest example, but government intervention in the sector is massive, and prices are not set primarily by market forces.

US President Barack Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers, led by Jason Furman, has attempted to tally the extent of the increase in market concentration and some of its implications. In most industries, according to the CEA, standard metrics show large – and in some cases, dramatic – increases in market concentration. The top ten banks’ share of the deposit market, for example, increased from about 20% to 50% in just 30 years, from 1980 to 2010.

Some of the increase in market power is the result of changes in technology and economic structure: consider network economies and the growth of locally provided service-sector industries. Some is because firms – Microsoft and drug companies are good examples – have learned better how to erect and maintain entry barriers, often assisted by conservative political forces that justify lax anti-trust enforcement and the failure to limit market power on the grounds that markets are “naturally” competitive. And some of it reflects the naked abuse and leveraging of market power through the political process: Large banks, for example, lobbied the US Congress to amend or repeal legislation separating commercial banking from other areas of finance.

The consequences are evident in the data, with inequality rising at every level, not only across individuals, but also across firms. The CEA report noted that the “90th percentile firm sees returns on investments in capital that are more than five times the median. This ratio was closer to two just a quarter of a century ago.”

Joseph Schumpeter, one of the great economists of the twentieth century, argued that one shouldn’t be worried by monopoly power: monopolies would only be temporary. There would be fierce competition for the market and this would replace competition in the market and ensure that prices remained competitive.

My own theoretical work long ago showed the flaws in Schumpeter’s analysis, and now empirical results provide strong confirmation. Today’s markets are characterized by the persistence of high monopoly profits.

The implications of this are profound. Many of the assumptions about market economies are based on acceptance of the competitive model, with marginal returns commensurate with social contributions. This view has led to hesitancy about official intervention: If markets are fundamentally efficient and fair, there is little that even the best of governments could do to improve matters. But if markets are based on exploitation, the rationale for laissez-faire disappears. Indeed, in that case, the battle against entrenched power is not only a battle for democracy; it is also a battle for efficiency and shared prosperity.

Source: Project Syndicate

Rwanda: Mu gihe Miliyoni 210 zanyerejwe mu isanduku ya Leta, abaganga basezeye mu bitaro bya Nemba kubera kudahembwa

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Igice-kimwe-cyinyubako-zibitaro-bya-Nemba-696x391Abakozi b’ibitaro bya Nemba biri mu Karere ka Gakenke, baratangaza ko kudahembwa bikomeje kubagiraho ingaruka ku buryo hari abahisemo gusezera bajya gushaka akazi ahandi.

Abasezeye ku kazi ku mpamvu bivugwa ko zifitanye isano n’icyo kibazo, harimo abaganga (abadogiteri) barindwi n’abaforomo bane, bikaba kandi bigaragazwa ko abo bakozi batangiye kugenda ‘urusorongo’ kuva aho icyo ikibazo cyatangiriye.

Uko ikibazo giteye, nk’uko bisobanurwa n’abakozi bakora muri serivisi zitandukanye mu bitaro bya Nemba, ngo kuva mu kwezi kwa kabiri kugeza mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Kane bari batarahembwa.

Cyakora, ngo umushahara w’ukwezi kwa Werurwe wabagezeho mu cyumweru kirangiye.

Bari ‘mu bibazo’

Bamwe mu bakozi b’ibitaro bya Nemba baganiriye n’Ikinyamakuru Izuba Rirashe ariko bagasaba ko amazina ya bo atakwandikwa muri iyi nkuru, ‘kubw’umutekano’ wabo, bahuriza ku kugaragaza urusobe rw’ibibazo bakururiwe no kudahembwa.

Abo bakozi biganjemo abaganga n’abandi bafite imirimo itandukanye bakora mu bitaro bya Nemba, ibibazo bagaragaza ko barimo birimo kuba bamwe inyungu ku nguzanyo basabye muri banki zikomeje kwikuba, kuba abenshi benda gusohorwa mu nzu batuyemo no kuba abana babo baratangiye kwirukanwa mu mashuri kubera ko batabishyuriye amafaranga.

Umwe muri abo bakozi agira ati “Nti turi abahinzi ngo turahinga, icyo dukora ni ukuvura, ibi bitaro ni wo murima duhingamo, n’ubwo baherutse kuduhemba ukwezi kumwe hagasigara ukundi ndakumenyesha ko bamwe nta na make twafashe. Banki zariyishyuye barangije badutera penalty (ibihano) yo kutishyurira ku gihe nk’uko twabisezeranye, nka njye ubwo banki yahise iyakuraho; bashyizeho umushahara w’ukwezi kumwe noneho banki ihita yiyishyurira icyarimwe amezi abiri inongeraho no kumpa ibihano.”

Undi muganga we agira ati “Kubera kudahembwa imyenda yabaye myinshi; ubu umuntu ari kujya kwikopesha umuceri kuri butike bakakubwira ngo ‘banza uzane n’ay’ukwezi gushize’, n’ubwo baduhembye ukwezi kumwe birasa nk’aho ntacyo byamaze kuko twari tumaze abiri tudahembwa.”

Akomeza agira ati “Tekereza nawe kumara amezi abiri nta faranga kandi ukora! Depenses zabaye nyinshi; umuntu aba atega, agakodesha, akishyurira abana amashuri (…) ubu abana bo batangiye kwirukanwa basabwa minerval!”

Umuzi w’ikibazo

Amakuru Ikinyamakuru Izuba Rirashe gikesha Dr. Habimana Jean Baptiste, Umuyobozi w’ibitaro bya Nemba, agaragaza ko ikibazo kiri mu bitaro abereye umuyobozi, gishamikiye ku igabunuka ry’abaterankunga mu by’ubuzima mu gihe ngo ibyo bitaro bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwibeshaho.

Uyu muyobozi agaragaza ko ko inkunga Ibitaro bya Nemba byagenerwaga na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima(MINISANTE), yavagamo agahimbazamuskyi k’abakozi ingana na miliyoni 25, yagabanijwe guhera mu mwaka wa 2015 maze igirwa miliyoni 7.

Dr. Habimana avuga kandi ko kuba abakozi batishyurwa bikomeje guterwa no kuba amafaranga yo kubishyura adahari, aha uyu muyobozi agaraza ko ibitaro bya Nemba amafaranga bisanzwe biyahabwa na Leta n’imishinga yayo iterwa inkunga n’ikigega cya ‘Global Fund’ ariko ngo yose ntaraboneka.

Ati “Tugira amafaranga ava henshi, ava muri Leta ari nayo menshi ntaraboneka.” Nanone, “ari aya Global Fund ntaraza, ari ayo tugenerwa na guverinoma na yo ntaraza (…) twe ayo twinjiza (ashingiye kuri mituweli) ntiyaduhaza.”

Dr. Habimana akomeza avuga ko ubusanzwe imishahara y’abakozi ibitaro biyihabwa buri gihembwe gusa ngo iyo muri iki gihembwe ibitaro bya Nemba ntibirayibona.

Cyakora umuyobozi w’ibitaro bya Nemba, avuga ko icyo kibazo kiri gushakirwa umuti ku bufatanye bw’inzego zose kireba ku buryo ngo ‘muri iki cyumweru’ kizaba cyakemutse, abakozi bagahabwa umushahara wa bo w’Ukwezi kwa Kane.

Agira ati “Na njye sinsinzira kuko iyo umukozi yakoze aba agomba guhembwa.” Yungamo ati, “Muri iki cyumweru ibibazo by’imishahara y’ukwezi kwa kane biraba byakemutse.”

Source: Izuba rirashe

Paul Kagame, intangarugero(rubi) mu kunyereza umutungo w’igihugu

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Muri iyi minsi haravugwa ibyerekeranye no gusahura imitungo ya rubanda bajya guhunika mu bihugu by’amahanga byishyuza umusoro muto cyane w’ayo mafaranga aba yazanywe kubitswa aho, aribyo bita mu rurimi rw’igifaransa “Paradis fiscal” cyangwa mu cyongereza “tax haven“. Ikivugwa cyane ubu niscandale des paradis fiscaux bise “Panama Papers” aribyo bishatse kuvuga mu kinyarwanda “Impapuro z’i Panama” igaragaramo n’agatsiko k’i Kigali karangajwe imbere na Paul Kagame. Ariko ntibitangaje kuko abanyarwanda ntibahwemye kubivuga .

Ndibuka ko nko muri 2013 nigeze kwandika mvuga ziriya ndege zikiri ebyiri zabaga muri Afrika y’Epfo zikaba zarahageze biciye muri imwe mu masosiete ya Kagame atungwa agatoki n’iriya “Panama Papers” yitwa Repli Investments N° 29 (Pty) Ltd. Iyi “sosiyeti ya baringa” (société écran) niyo yajyanye bene ziriya ndege ebyiri za mbere muri Afrika y’Epfo muri compagnie y’indege yitwa “ExecuJet“. Rapport ya “Panama Papers” yasohotse mu kinyamakuru cyo mu Budage kivugamo ziriya. Byahiriranye n’uko tumaze iminsi tubivuga ! Uretse iyo sosiyete y’agatsiko ka Kagame hari n’izindi zizwi navuga nka BCI Group,Capital Brokers, Crystal Ventures, Intersec Security, Inyange, Mutara Entreprises, Nexus, n’izindi ntarondoye zizaza ubutaha muri “Panama Papers“. Reka twibukiranye turebe muri make ibyo nari nanditse :  Nari natangiye nsubiza ko Kagame nta gihe atazerera… ko biteye agahinda kumva ngo umukuru w’igihugu asesagura ataretse no gusahura ibya rubanda mu gihe abaturage bishwe n’inzara bikubitiyeho n’ubukene. Narakomeje nti ku byerekeye izo ndege ebyiri ze Kagame yazisahuye kw’ imari y’igihugu akaba anazikodesha na Leta y’u Rwanda yarazihungishije muri Afrika y’Epfo nyuma byamukomerana akazihungisha muri Turikiya zikanagera mu Bugereki. Ku iyindi paragraphe nagize ntya : Ese izo ndege ni izihe ? Ubwo nahise nzisobanura amavu n’amavuko yayo : Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka w’2003 nibwo Kagame yanyarukiye mu ruganda rukora indege arirwo rwita “Bombardier Aerospace” rufite icyicaro mu mujyi wa Toronto ahagura imwe muri izo zari zisanzwe zikora (ikoreshwa n’uruganda) yakozwe mu kwa 04/2000 ikaguruka bwa mbere kuri 27/04/2000 ifite nimero zo muri Canada C-GGJJ ikaba ariyo mu bwoko bwa Bombardier Global Express. Nyuma mu kwa 08/2000 abayobozi bakuru b’urwo ruganda bakomeje kuyikoresha ariko muri Amerika ifite nimero yaho N16FX kugeza ubwo Paul Kagame ayiguze. Niyo ya mbere yari aguze ubwo hari ku ya 8/04/2003. Ubwo ya sosiyete ye yitwa Repli Investments N°29 (Pty) Ltd ifitwe na ba J-Paul Nyirubutamwa, Manasseh Nshuti na Hatari Sekoko (uyu aragaragara muri “Panama Papers”) aba ariyo iyigeza muri Afrika y’Epfo ikambikwa indi nimero zaho ZS-ESA. Nyuma bayinjiza muri sosiyete y’indege ikorera i Lanseria muri Johannesburg ariyo yitwa ExecuJet.

Indi ya kabiri nayo ni Bombardier Global Express yaguzwe ku wa 6/11/2008 ijya muri ya masosiyete navuze haruguru ifite nimero zaho ZS-XRS nyuma yuko nayo yarakoreshejwe kuva yasohoka mu ruganda rwayo i Toronto kuwa 3/08/2007. Icyo gihe isohoka mu ruganda bwa mbere yari ifite nimero zo muri Canada C-FMND nyuma y’ukwezi kuwa 25/09/2007uruganda ruyigurisha mu mujyi wa Richardson muri Texas ifite nimero zo muri Amerika N74ZZ mbere y’uko igurwa na Paul Kagame mu kwa 11/2008. Izo ndege  ebyiri muri Afrika y’Epfo zitwaga ko ari i za Leta y’u Rwanda mu by’ukuri ntaho byanditswe. Banyirazo bashakaga kutishyura imisoro. Kuva aho abantu bari bazi banyirazo batangiye kubitangaza ku mugaragaro nka Lt Gen Kayumba Nyamwasa (Rwanda Briefing) bikaba kimwe mubyo bashakaga kumuhora ngo bamwivugane (28/02/2010) nyirazo w’ukuli n’ibisumizi bye byahise bishya ubwoba ubwo n’Afrika y’Epfo imenya banyirazo itangira kubishyuza n’uko abatypes bahita bazihungisha babanza muri Turikiya bakurikizayo mu Bugereki. Icyo gihe zari zigifite za nimero zo muli Afrika y’epfo : ZS-ESA na ZS-XRS. Muli uko kuzihisha ngo zitazagirwa ingwate na Afrika y’epfo ya société yitwa “ExecuJet” yazikodeshaga yari yatangiye gushaka umuguzi uzagura iriya ya mbere ifite nimero ZS-ESA. Nyuma kuwa 22/04/2011 babonye uyifataho ubukode buzarangira kuwa 30/04/2017 ariyo société ibarizwa mu mujyi wa Jacksonville muli Floride (USA) ariyo “Al Ruchaid Aviation Ltd ”. Ubu yambaye nimero zo muli Amerika N1AR.  Indi yo (ZS-XRS) bari bashoboye kuyibonera sosiyete nayo isa nkaho ari “baringa” (écran) izakoreramo ibarizwa i Athène mu Bugereki yitwa “Gain Jet Aviation” mu kwa12/2010 ikaba ifite nimero zo muli icyo gihugu SX-GJN. Iyo ndege “Bombardier Global Express” (SX-GJN) niyo Mme Kagame cyangwa inshuuti ze ziza nazo gusahura. Izo ngendo zose zikishyurwa na Leta y’u Rwanda amafaranga ajya mw’isanduka ya Kagame. Ubushize twabonye uko ingendo zingana Kagame yakoze azerera isi. Muri make muri uyu mwaka 2016 duhereye kw’itariki ya04/01/2016 kugeza kuri 09/03/2016 twabonye ko amaze kugira igendo zigera 8 bingana n’amasaha 187 indege iguruka. Ikiguzi cyayo kikaba cyaratwaye € 1.212.600 (US$ 1.358.896,81) ubwo bingana n’amanyarwanda arenga Miliyali imwe na miliyoni cumi n’umunani n’ibihumbi magana cyenda makumyabiri ni umwe magana inani mirongo icyenda na tanu (RwF 1.018.921.895,81) ! Umwaka ushize 2015 Kagame yagize igendo zigera 37 bihwanye n’amasaha 514 indege iguruka : 514h x € 8.600 (kw’isaha) = € 4.420.400 (US$ 4.952.949,77) ubwo bingana n’amanyarwanda arenga Miliyali eshatu miliyoni magana rindwi na cumi nane n’ibihumbi magana tatu mirongo itandatu na karindwi na magana rindwi mirongo itandatu na kabiri (RwF 3.714.367.762,36).

Turebe no neho ingendo Kagame yakoze umwaka 2014 n’amasaha byatwaye aguruka :

1. Hagati y’amatariki ya 14 – 15/01/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Luanda muriAngola mu nama ya 5 isanzwe y’abakuru ba Leta na za guverinoma byo mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari (5e Sommet des Chefs d’Etat et de Gouvernement de la Région des Grands Lacs).

2. Hagati y’amatariki ya 20 – 21/01/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Naivasha muriKenya mu nama yahuje abakuru b’intara (47) aho bigaga ubufatanye n’imiyoborere myiza (Media Group Governors’ Summit).

3. Hagati y’amatariki ya 22 – 24/01/2014 Kagame yakomereje i Davos muBusuwisi mu nama ya “World Economioc Forum“.

4. Hagati y’amatariki ya 29 – 31/01/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Addis Abebamuri Ethiopia mu nama ya 22 y’abakuru b’ibihugu na za guverinoma b’umuryango w’Afrika (African Union Summit).

5. Hagati y’amatariki ya 4 – 5/02/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Praia muri Cape Verde mu nama nyafrika ngarukamwaka ku guhanga ibishya (Africa Innovation Summit).

6. Tariki ya 12/02/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Los Angeles muri Amerika aho yasuye Fondation Shoah (Shoah Foundation) no munama yiswe “Los Angeles World Affairs Council“.

7. Hagati y’amatariki ya 13 – 14/02/2014 Kagame yakomereje i San Francescoaho yasuye Kaminuza yaho (University of California).

8. Hagati y’amatariki ya 19 – 20/02/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Kampala muriUganda mu nama ya 4 y’imishinga y’ubufatanye mu muhora w’amajyaruguru (4th Summit of the Northern Corridor integration Projects).

9. Hagati y’amatariki ya 22 – 23/03/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Dublin muriIrlande mu nama yahuje abagize akanama gashinzwe kwihutisha ikoranabuhanga rya internet inyaruka ku isi (UN Broadband Commission Meeting).

10. Tariki ya 25/03/2014 Kagame yagaragaye kw’incuru ya kabiri i Luanda muriAngola mu nama y’abakuru b’ibihugu byo mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari (Sommet des Chefs d’Etat de la Région des Grands Lacs).

11. Hagati y’amatariki ya 2 – 3/04/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Bruxelles m’uBubiligi mu nama ya 4 yahuje umuryango w’ubumwe bw’u Burayi n’ibihugu by’Afrika (4e sommet UE-Afrique).

12. Hagati y’amatariki ya 22 – 23/04/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Boston muriAmerika aho yasuye “Massachusetts Institute of Technology“.

13. Tariki ya 25/04/2014 Kagame yakomereje i San Francisco aho muri Amerikamuri “Stanford Global Speaker Series“.

14. Tariki ya 26/04/2014 Kagame yanyarukiye mu mujyi wa Lake Forest imwe igize akarere ka Los Angeles aho yagaragaye mu Rusengero (Saddleback Church) ruyoborwa n’incuti ye Rick Warren ngo mu gikorwa cyo kwibuka kunshuro ya 20 génocide ibaye mu Rwanda.

15. Hagati y’amatariki ya 27 – 29/04/2014 Kagame yakomeje kuba i Los Angelesmuri Amerika agaragara muri “Milken Institute Conference“.

16. Tariki ya 1/05/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Nairobi muri Kenya mu nama ya 5 y’imishinga y’ubufatanye mu muhora w’amajyaruguru (5th Summit of the Northern Corridor integration Projects).

17. Hagati y’amatariki ya 7 – 9/05/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Abuja muriNigéria mu nama ya 24 yiga kubukungu bw’isi (World Economic Forum).

18. Tariki ya 11/05/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Nairobi muri Kenya mu gikorwa cyo gusinya amasezerano n’u Bushinwa yo kubaka umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uva Mombasa-Nairobi-Kampala-Kigali ukagera n’i Juba muri Sudani y’Epfo.

19. Tariki ya 16/05/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Genève mu Busuwisi mu Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (World Telecommunication and Information Society).

20. Tariki ya 23/05/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Libreville muri Gabon mu nama yiswe “New York Forum Africa“.

21. Tariki ya 27/05/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i New-York muri Amerika mu nama rusange y’Inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yita ku bukungu n’imibereho myiza (Economic Social Council Meeting on Sustainable urbanization).

22. Hagati y’amatariki ya 25 – 27/06/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Malabo muriGuinée Equatorial mu nama ya 23 y’abakuru b’ibihugu na za guverinoma mu muryango w’Afrika yunze ubumwe (23rd Ordinary session of African Union assembly).

23. Tariki ya 8/07/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Accra muri Ghana ubwo Wole Soyinka yamurikaga igitabo cye yise : “Crucible of the Ages – Essays in Honour of Wole Soyinka at 80“.

24. Hagati y’amatariki ya 3 – 7/08/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Washington D.C.muri Amerika mu nama y’abayobozi b’ibihugu by’Afrika n’abayobozi ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (USA-Africa Leaders Summit).

25. Hagati y’amatariki ya 19 – 20/09/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Atlanta muriAmerika muri “Rwanda Day”.

26. Hagati y’amatariki ya 20 – 27/09/2014 Kagame yakomereje i New-York muriAmerika mu nama Rusange ya Loni (United Nation General Assembly).

27. Tariki ya 1/10/2014 Kagame yakomereje i Dubai mu barabu mu nama ya “Global Business Forum“.

28. Tariki ya 6/10/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Trieste mu Butaliyani muri yubile y’imyaka 50 y’ikigo mpuzamahanga ku Bugenge cyitiriwe Abdus Salam (50th Anniversary of Abdus Salam international Centre for Theoritical Physics).

29. Hagati y’amatariki ya 7 – 9/10/2014 Kagame yakomereje i Kampala muriUganda aho yitabiriye inama ya 3 igamije gusuzumira hamwe uko hakongerwa ingufu mu bucuruzi n’ishoramari hagati y’Uganda n’u Rwanda (3rd Uganda Rwanda Business Forum) yitabira n’inama ya 7 y’umuhora wa ruguru (7th Northern Corridor Integration Projects Summit) ndetse n’ibirori byo kwizihiza isabukuru ya 52 y’ubwigenge bwa Uganda (52th Anniversary of Uganda Independence).

30. Hagati y’amatariki ya 20 – 22/10/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i London muBwongereza mu nama ku ishoramari mpuzamahanga muri Afrika (Global African Investment Summit).

31. Tariki ya 26/10/2014 Kagame yakomereje i Abu Dhabi mu barabu ari kumwe anaganira n’Igikomangoma cy’Ingoma y’Abu Dhabi akaba na Minisitiri w’Ingabo Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan.

32. Tariki ya 28/10/2014 Kagame yakomereje i Busan muri Koreya y’Epfo mu nama ya 19 y’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho (ITU).

33. Tariki ya 29/10/2014 Kagame yakomereje i Seoul muri Koreya y’Epfo asura ikicaro gikuru cy’itumanaho “Korea Telecom Headquarters“.

34. Tariki ya 31/10/2014 Kagame yakomereje i Jakarta muri Indonesia m’uruzinduko rw’akazi (Visite d’Etat).

35. Hagati y’amatariki ya 4 – 5/11/2014 Kagame yakomereje i New Delhi muBuhinde mu nama mpuzamahanga y’ubukungu “World Economic Forum“.

36. Hagati y’amatariki ya 11 – 12/12/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Nairobi muriKenya mu nama ya 8 y’umuhora wa ruguru (8th Northern Corridor Integration Projects Summit) ndetse n’ibirori byo kwizihiza isabukuru y’ubwigenge bwa Kenya (Jamhuri Day).

37. Tariki ya 17/12/2014 Kagame yagaragaye i Luanda muri Angolam’uruzinduko rw’akazi (Visite d’Etat).

Amasaha indege yagurutse kuri izi gendo 37 bihwanye n’amasaha 591. 591hx € 8.600 (kw’isaha) = € 5.082.600 (US$ 5.796.134,88) ubwo bingana n’amanyarwanda arenga Miliyali enye na miliyoni magana abiri mirongo icyenda na tatu n’ibihumbi magana inani mirongo itanu n’icyenda na magana rindwi na makumyabiri (RwF 4.293.859.720,55)

Flavien Lizinde 

Source: The Rwandan 02 Mai 2016