Category Archives: History

Amakosa ya Paul Kagame II

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Paul Kagame (2000 – ?) : Igice cya 2

Ubushize twarangije tuvuga ko ntawakomeza kurondora amakosa ya Paul Kagame rimwe ku rindi ngo azayarangize kubera ko ameze nk’ibidomo byo ku ruhu rw’ingwe cyangwa rw’imondo. Ibyiza ni uko twasuzuma impamvu akora ayo makosa.

Hari impamvu 2 zibimutera, kandi izo mpamvu zombi zikuzuzanya. Iyambere ni imyumvire mibi y’amateka y’u Rwanda, uwashaka ndetse yavuga ko ari ukutayamenya. Impamvu ya 2 ni irondakoko rikaze ryamuzonze.

Amateka y’u Rwanda Paul Kagame azi ni ayo yabwiriwe mu nkambi z’impunzi nka Nakivale muri Uganda n’ahandi. Ayo mateka ni yo yamize bunguri, ntayandi ashaka kumva. Muri make bamubwiye ko ingoma ya cyami yari nziza cyane. Oya, ingoma ya cyami yari mbi cyane ! Umutekano muke, imvururu, imidugararo n’ubwicanyi byaranze ihirima ryayo byatewe n’abari bayikomeyeho. Bashakaga kwica Abanyarwanda ndetse n’abanyamahanga basabaga ku neza ko akarengane kayirangaga karangira cyangwa se nibura kakagabanuka. Ibyo Paul Kagame ntabikozwa, ntashaka kubyumva. Bamubwiye kandi ko icyakiza u Rwanda ari ukugarura ingoma imeze nk’iya cyami. Noneho yazanye iyirusha ubukana n’ubugome. Mu by’ukuri, uko kutamenya kujyanye n’imyumvire mibi y’amateka y’u Rwanda ni urwitwazo no kunangira  kuko Paul Kagame atabuze abantu bamubwira ko yibeshya.

Impamvu nyakuri imutera gukora amahano yose akorera u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda ni irondakoko ryamurenze. Mu mutwe wa Paul Kagame u Rwanda ni urw’Abatutsi. Abahutu n’Abatwa nabo bashobora kuba ari Abanyarwanda, ariko ntibafite uburenganzira kimwe n’ubw’Abatutsi (“Tous les animaux sont égaux, mais certains animaux sont plus égaux que les autres” par Georges Orwell in La ferme des animaux). Aha rero, hari uwaherako atera urutoki hejuru, agasaba ijambo, akarihabwa maze akavuga ngo “ariko no ku ngoma ya Kayibanda n’iya Habyarimana hari irondakoko ryigaragarizaga mu iringaniza”. Ibyo kwaba ugusamira ibintu hejuru no kubitwara ruburiki. Reka tubive imuzingo, hanyuma tuze kugaruka ku irondakoko ritera Paul Kagame gukora amahano yose akora.

Ku ngoma ya cyami n’iya gikolonize, n’iryo ringaniza ntiryabagaho. Byose byari iby’Abatutsi, icyakora Abahutu n’Abatwa bamwe, ariko bake cyane (imbuzakurahira) bakabona utuvungukira. Abatutsi bakamirwaga n’ingoma ya cyami bumvaga icyo atari ikibazo kuberako “Abahutu n’Abatwa atari abantu, atari Abanyarwanda kimwe n’Abatutsi”.

Hagamijwe gukosora ibyari byaragoretswe n’uko kwikubira kuzuye, ingingo ya 5 y’itegekonshinga rya mbere rya repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 28 Mutarama 1961 yaravugaga iti : “Abanyarwanda bose barareshya hatitawe ku ibara ry’uruhu, ku bwoko cyangwa ku idini”. Ku Batutsi b’intagondwa, ibivugwa muri iyi ngingo byari amahano, ryari ishyano riguye, ijuru ryari ribituye hejuru. Nibwo bamwe, barimo na Rutagambwa, ise wa Paul Kagame, biyemeje kuva mu Rwanda. Nyamara ntawari ubakozeho.

Hagamijwe gukosora ibyari byaragoretswe n’uko kwikubira kuzuye, igika cya nyuma cy’ingingo ya 6 y’itegekonshinga rya mbere rya repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 28 Mutarama 1961 cyagiraga kiti : “Abanyarwanda bose bafite uburenganzira bwo kwiga. Icyakora azafungwa cyangwa agwatirwe amashuri yose atazubahiriza iringaniza ry’amoko y’abaturage” (Tous les Banyarwanda sans distinction ont accès aux écoles ; mais pourront être fermées ou réquisitionnées les écoles dont le pourcentage de fréquentation ne répondra pas à la répartition ethnique de la population). Ku iringaniza ry’amoko, ingoma ya Habyarimana izongeraho iry’uturere. Ibi bigasobanura ko atari Abatutsi gusa babangamiwe n’iringaniza. Abahutu bose barahezwaga ku ngoma ya cyami na gikolonize, abo mu majyaruguru  bahamya ko baryamirwaga ku ngoma ya Kayibanda, abo mu majyepfo no hagati bakavuga ko baryamirwaga ku ya Habyarimana.

Mu mateka y’ibihugu byose byo ku isi, igihe cyose agatsiko k’abantu bake, kaba gashingiye ku bwoko, ku karere cyangwa ku kindi kintu, karyamiraga abasigaye bose, ako karengane kagiye gatera umwuka mubi n’isuburinamo. Ku rundi ruhande, ubwikanyize bw’abitwa ba “nyamwinshi” naryo ryagiye ritera umwuka mubi n’isubiranamo. Kuva isi yaremwa kugeza n’ubu no mu bihugu byateye imbere mu bukungu, muri demokarasi n’iyubahiriza ry’ikiremwamuntu, umuti wo gukemura ayo makimbirane wabaye iringaniza rikozwe neza. Abagenda cyangwa ababa i Burayi, Amerika ya ruguru, Australia n’ahandi barabibona.

Ibibi birarutana n’ibyiza bikarutana. “Aho umwaga utari, uruhu rw’imbaragasa rwisasira batatu”. Ariko ahantu nko mu Rwanda hamye harangwa n’umwaga, iringaniza rikoze neza ripfa kuruta ukwikubira nk’ukwariho ku ngoma ya cyami na gikolonize, none ingoma ya Paul Kagame ikaba yarakugaruye. Ariko ikibiruta byose ni uguha abenegihugu bose amahirwe angana hatitawe ku karere, ku moko, ku idini, ku gitsina, ku ibara ry,uruhu ….,  ugaragaje ubushobozi kurusha  abandi (méritocratie) akaba ari we ukataza mu myigire, mu kazi no mu buyobozi.  Ibi rero Paul Kagame ntashobora kubyemera kubera irondakoko ryamurenze, akaba ari ryo tugiye kuganiraho.

Kwikunda no kwikubira biba muri kamere muntu. Bishobora no gutuma umuntu yiba, ariko yafatwa akemera ko yakoze ikosa, ndetse bikamutera n’isoni. Ushinzwe ibya rubanda ashobora kubifata akabiharira abo bahuje ubwoko gusa. Iryo ni irondakoko ryo mu rwego rworoheje. Uwabikoze ashobora kwemera ko yakoze ikosa koko. Irondakoko ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ari naryo ryazonze Paul Kagame ni irigira riti : “Twe turuta abandi, ntaho duhuriye. Kubaheeza, kubacura bufuni na buhoro ndetse no kubica ni uburenganzira, bikaba n’inshingano tugomba kurangiza”.

Ni iryo rondakoko Abanyaburayi n’Abarabu bari bafite igihe bajyaga muri Afurika, bagahiga Abirabura bunyamaswa, abo bafashe bakiri bazima bakabajyana bunyago, bakajya kubagira abacakara. Ni iryo rondakoko Adolf Hitler n’abaNazi  bari bafite mu Budage. Ni iryo rondakoko (apartheid) Gashakabuhake yari afite muri Afurika y’Epfo kugeza mu w’1994. Ni iryo rondakoko ryariho mu Rwanda ku ngoma ya cyami, ryakomeje no kubaho igihe cya gikolonize nk’uko tuzabibona mu minsi iri imbere dusuzuma amakosa abami ba nyuma  b’u Rwanda bakoze. Ni iryo rondakoko Paul Kagame yagaruye. Kuri we, si ikosa, ahubwo niko bigomba kugenda. Abazonzwe n’iryo rondakoko ntibatinya no gutuka Imana bavuga ko nayo ari ko ibishaka, ko ahubwo ari nayo yabitegetse. Kimwe mu byo bahora barota ni uko abo mu bwoko “butatowe n’Imana bapfa bagashira, bagaha rugari abo mu bwoko bwatowe”.

Paul Kagame yagaragaje kenshi mu mvugo no mu ngiro ko yazonzwe na bene iryo rondakoko. Amakosa ryamukoresheje, ntawayarondora ngo ayarangize : gukora ku buryo amasezerano y’Arusha adashyirwa mu bikorwa kandi yarageneraga FPR imyanya ikabije kuba myinshi mu ngamba zose z’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu, kwica perezida Habyarimana kandi Abatutsi bashyira mu gaciro bari bamuburiye ko atari ngombwa, ko ahubwo bishobora kubyara ingaruka mbi cyane ; kubuza leta yari iyobowe na Bwana Faustin Twagiramungu gukora ; gufunga no kwica umubare munini ushoboka w’Abahutu cyane cyane hagati ya 1994 na 2000 ; kurandura imyaka y’abahinzi, gusenya amazu y’abakene ; guhamya ko Abahutu bose, ababayeho n’abazavuka, ari abicanyi, bityo akaba agomba kubatanga akabica ; kutagira imfungwa n’imwe agirira imbabazi ku minsi mikuru nk’iy’imyak 50 y’ubwigenge cg. 25 ya FPR-Inkotanyi ; kuroga urubyiruko arucengezamo irondakoko rye ; guheza mu munyururu imfungwa zarangije ibihano byazo…. n’ibindi byinshi cyane.

Umwanzuro

Noneho arashaka na manda ya 3 kugirango azabone igihe cyo “kujaja na bwa busa bwari busigaye”. Umugabo udafashe “asaba uwo yimye”. Koko Paul Kagame, n’ibibi yakoreye abaturage b’Abanyarwanda, agatinyuka akavuga ngo nibo bifuza ko akomeza kubayobora ? Ubu se “amaherezo azaba ayahe ?”, mugani wa wa musazi wagize ati “ubu se ko bucya bukira, amaherezo azaba ayahe ?” “Nta joro ridacya, nta n’imvura idahita”. Na Adolf Hitler yaratsinzwe, na politiki ya gashakabuhake muri Afurika y’Epfo yagiye nk’ifuni iheze. Icyakora hagombye ibitambo byinshi. Nyuma y’Abanyarwanda bapfuye kuva mu w’1990 kugeza ubu kandi bishwe n’abandi Banyarwanda, si ngombwa ko amaraso yongera kumeneka kugirango Paul Kagame yisubireho. Byonyine ashyikiranye n’abatavuga rumwe na we, yaba ari intambwe nziza ya mbere. Arebye abantu yizera, akabasaba kumugira inama kandi akabizeza ko atari bubice nibamubwira ukuri kutamushimishije, nabwo yaba akoze. Abanyarwanda bakeneye umukuru w’igihugu bareba, bumva bakavuga bati : “Uriya koko ni uwacu twese. Si uw’Abahutu, Abatutsi cyangwa Abatwa gusa, ni uwacu twese”. 

Jean De Dieu Musemakweli

BIRACYAZA…

Amakosa ya Paul Kagame

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Intangiriro

Buri wese mu bayoboye u Rwanda afite ibyiza ashimwa n’ibibi yagawa. Niyo mpamvu iyi nyandiko yashoboraga no guhabwa izindi nyito nyinshi nka : “Bose ni bamwe, Nyina ubabyara ni umwe, uwabaroze ntiyakarabye, amafuti y’umugabo ni bwo buryo bwe, gutwara ntawe byananiye kireka uwo batabihaye” n’izindi.

Icyo iyi nyandiko igamije si ukunegura, ahubwo ni ukwiga (gucukumbura) no kwigisha amateka y’u Rwanda. Abanyarwanda bose bakeneye kuyamenya kandi bakayakira uko ari batirengagije ibibi n’ibyiza byayaranze, ibibabaje n’ibishimishije. Abayoborwa bakeneye kuyamenya kugirango hatazagira ubabeshya cyangwa akabayobya kandi aribo ba “Nyirurwanda”.

Abayobora bakeneye kuyamenya kugirango bayobore neza, kandi birinde kugwa mu mitego n’ibishuko ababanjirije baguyemo. Ibyiza  umuyobozi akoze bituma abayoborwa bagubwa neza, bakagira ituze, bagatera imbere. Amakosa, amafuti n’ibibi by’umukuru w’igihugu byo bituma igihugu gicura imiborogo. Ubishidikanya yirebere aho u Rwanda rugeze (aharinidimuka), asubize amaso inyuma arebe ibyaruranze muri iyi myaka duteye umugongo.

Ahari mwakwibaza muti “iyi nyandiko izaba iteye ite ?” Izaba ari uruhererekane, urudaca rugizwe n’ibice byinshi bikurikiranye kandi bifite ikibihuza (sérei, sery). Turahera kuri Paul Kagame (2000 – ?), tumanuke (cyangwa tuzamuke) tujye ku uwamubanjirije ari we Pasteur Bizimungu (1994 – 2000). Hazakurikiraho Théodore Sindikubwabo (Mata-Nyakanga 1994), Juvénal Habyarimana ( 1973 – 1994), Grégoire Kayibanda (1961–1973), Dominique Mbonyumutwa (Mutarama 1961 – Ukwakira 1961), Jean Baptiste Kigeli wa 5 Ndahindurwa (1959-1961), Charles Léon Pierre Mutara wa 3 Rudahigwa (1931-1959), Yuhi wa 4 Musinga (1896-1931), Mibambwe wa 4 Rutarindwa (1895-1896), Kigeli wa 4 Rwabugiri (1853-1895), Mutara wa 2 Rwogera (1830 – 1853), …….  .    Tuzakomeza kugera aho dushoboye.

Byaba byiza namwe abasomyi mugize uruhare kuri iyi nyandiko. Nzagerageza kuvuga amakosa y’abayoboye u Rwanda uko bagiye bakurikirana ; ariko nshobora no kuva kuri umwe nkajya ku wundi ntubahirije uko bagiye bakurikirana mu gihe. Namwe rero abasomyi mushobora kuvuga icyo mutekereza (commentaires) ku ugezweho, ariko mushobora no gukora inyandiko kuri umwe cyangwa kuri benshi mubo niyemeje kuzagira icyo mvugaho. Uyu munsi turahera ku ngoma ya Paul Kagame. Mbifurije kunyurwa n’ibyo musoma.

I.       Paul Kagame (2000 – ?) : Igice cya 1

Ni nde wamenya igihe Paul Kagame yatangiriye kuyobora u Rwanda ? Kuva mu w’1994 kugeza mu w’ 2000 yari yungirije umukuru w’igihugu, akabifatanya n’indi mirimo ikomeye myinshi irimo : kuba umugaba mukuru w’ingabo, ministiri w’ingabo no kuba yungirije umuyobozi w’ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi. Amahanga yose ndetse n’Abanyarwanda babonaga ko ari we “gikonyozi (homme fort)” mu Rwanda, kandi ni ko byari bimeze koko. Ntacyo umukuru w’igihugu yashoboraga gukora umwungirije atacyemeye. Ariko nk’uko tuzabibona mu minsi iri imbere, umwungiriza we yakoraga icyo ashatse cyose nta nkomyi. N’ikimenyimenyi, aho abereye umukuru w’igihugu mu mwaka w’2000, umwanya w’uwungirije umukuru w’igihugu wahereyeko uvaho.

Ikosa rikomeye Paul Kagame ari gukora muri iyi minsi, ni ugushaka kwihambira ku butegetsi amazeho imyaka myinshi kandi itegeko nshinga ryamuhaga uburyo bwo kwigendera ku neza. “Umuntu atinda mu rushya, akabyina nabi” kandi ngo “Icyicaro cyiza cyivanwamo n’umwana uzi ubwenge”. Harya ngo “ukuboko kwafashe ingoma ntikurekura kireka bagutemye” ? Ubu koko igihugu cyongere gicure imiborogo, gitembe imivu y’amaraso, kiyoborwe nabi kubera irari ry’umuntu umwe n’iry’agatsiko kamukikije ?

Ikosa rya 2 rikomeye Paul Kagame akomeje gukora ni umubano mubi n’amahanga cyane cyane n’ibihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda. Abantu baricwa umusubizo i Butembo-Beni ho muri Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo, abarokotse bakavuga ko baterwa n’abagizi ba nabi bavuga ikinyarwanda n’ilingala, ubwo benshi bagaherako bakeka ndetse bemeza ko Paul Kagame abiri inyuma. Mu minsi ishize mu Burundi hadutse umutwe w’inyeshyamba zitivuze izina. Ingabo z’u Burundi zagose abawugize, zibicira kubamara, kandi zibica nabi. Icyo gihe nabwo Paul Kagame yashyizwe mu majwi. Mu migi imwe n’imwe ya Tanzaniya hagiye gushira umwaka haba ibitero bimeze nk’iby’amabandi yitwaje intwaro, bikavugwa mu mfurapfuriko ko aho naho ari Paul Kagame ushaka kuhacana umuriro nk’uwo yakije mu Rwanda. Bashobora kuba bamubeshyera ! Ariko rero “Nyiri ikirimi kibi yatanze umurozi gupfa”. Umunsi abo baturanyi bagize bati “umuturanyi mubi arutwa n’itongo”, inzovu zizatsitsurana, maze utwatsi abe ari two tuhababarira.

“Intambara ku mipaka, iterabwoba (terreur) imbere mu gihugu”, nguko uko u Bufaransa bwigeze kumera igihe gito bwamaze buyobowe na Maximilien Robespierre muri revolisiyo y’Abafaransa.

Ikosa rya 3 rya Paul Kagame turikojejeho imitwe y’intoki : ni iterabwoba imbere mu gihugu. Ingero zibyerekana ni nyinshi cyane, nta wazirondora ngo azirangize. Aho bigaragarira cyane ni mu ukwiyongera kw’indwara zibasira umutima n’ubwonko. Kuva Paul Kagame yatangira gutegeka u Rwanda, izo ndwara zikubye inshuro zirenga 100% mu gihugu. Ni byo koko abakurambere babivuze ukuri ngo “abantu bategekwa n’Abega bahorana umutima mu mutwe”.

Ejobundi le 24 Mutarama 2015, padiri Célestin Hakizimana yahawe ubwepiskopi, atangira umurimo yatorewe na Papa wo kuyobora diyosezi gatolika ya Gikongoro. Yavuze ijambo (disikuru) ryiza cyane, ariko naryo ryerekana ukuntu Abanyarwanda bahora mu bwoba. Icyambere cyo, ntiyigeze acisha uwamubanjirije, ari we Nyakwigendera Musenyeri Augustin Misago. Ingoma ya Paul Kagame yaramwangaga ku buryo benshi, n’ubwo nta gihamya ifadika babifitiye, bahamya ko yagize uruhare mu rupfu rwe rwaje rutunguranye le 12 Werurwe 2012. Musenyeri Célestin yatuye ubwepiskopi bwe abantu barimo na se umubyara witwaga Kagwiza. Yavuze ko yitabye Imana mu w’1994, ariko umubi ni uwahingutsa ko yishwe n’Inkotanyi. Narabirebye ngaruka kuri wa mwanzuro ko Abanyrwanda bose babaho mu iterabwoba bashyirwaho n’ingoma ya Paul Kagame.

Ikosa rya Paul Kagame turangirizaho uyu munsi ni ugukenesha abaturage abizi neza kandi abishaka. Ntihakagire ukangwa n’imiturirwa n’ibindi bishashagirana i Kigali no mu yindi mijyi, cyangwa n’imibare (ibaruzamibare, statistiques) ibeshya itangwa na leta  y’u Rwanda. Mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’iyo mijyi no mu cyaro abantu barashize, baricwa n’inzara. Nk’uko byavuzwe mu kanya, Paul Kagame yicisha Abanyarwanda inzara abizi neza kandi abishaka. Si bwo bwa mbere mu mateka y’isi ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwicisha nkana abaturage inzara, ariko Paul Kagame we afite impamvu y’umwihariko ibimutera.

Iyo mpamvu niyo tuzaganiraho ubutaha. Bizadufasha kugira imbonerahamwe y’amakosa yose ya Paul Kagame. Ntawakomeza kuyarondora rimwe ku rindi ngo azayarangize kuko ameze b’ibidomo byo ku ruhu rw’ingwe cyangwa rw’imondo.

Jean de Dieu Musemakweli

BIRACYAZA…..

Mandela hid in my house for six months

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mandela+hide

Ramla Kibwana stands at the top of the stairs leading to the room in which Mandela and his fellow freedom fighters used to hide and above, the room upstairs where Mandela and colleagues used to stay. PHOTOS | ESTHER MNGODO 

A year has passed since Nelson Mandela, the South African apartheid revolutionary passed on. Many across Africa and across the world reverenced him for his courage and the spirit of forgiveness, which he upheld. Tanzania is known to be a friend of Madiba for its role in the freedom fighting movement. Apart from the national heart-felt contribution, individuals also share personal experiences of how they opened their homes to South Africa during that time.

Some stories were highlighted at the time of Madiba’s funeral, such as that of Vicky Nsilo Swai, a Tanzanian woman who kept Nelson Mandela’s shoes for 33 years in her home. But little is spoken about Ramla Kibwana, a ten cell leader in Soko Matola area in Mbeya city who claims to have given refuge to Mandela and his friends when they were on the run. She was a ten cell leader when Mandela arrived at her home back then.

Mama Kibwana recalls the words Nelson Mandela used to introduce himself to her after months of hiding in her house vividly. ‘Mimi ndio Mandela’ (I am Mandela), he said to her in Kiswahili. Mama Kibwana can clearly remember the six months Mandela spent in her house. Although she cannot recall the year, she clearly remembers a young man who she identifies as Mzee Mwembapa’s son knocking on her door at around 9:pm with two strange men. Their clothes were torn and their trousers were supported by suspenders. The young man who brought them told her that the two men had been sleeping in bars in Mabatini area, just a short distance from Soko Matola and needed a place to stay for a while. “I pitied them,” she says and adds: “It was at a time when many African countries were seeking independence. The young man told me that the men were from South Africa. So I knew what I was getting myself into.”

Officials from the South African High Commission in Dar es Salaam are unable to verify Mama Kibwana’s account. However, Mama Kibwana says that what she did was a heroic act. She doesn’t understand why her family was never commended for it. Mama Kibwana didn’t know the men’s identity. And when they came with two other men on the second day, she was satisfied with the names that they mentioned to her.

It wasn’t until later that she came to learn that her South African guests were Mandela and a man who she recalls as Makubalo. At first, Mama was hesitant to retell the story to yet ‘another journalist.’ “Journalists have documented my story in the past. One even gave me Sh 1,000 after the interview. I felt so disrespected. I wonder what the point is in telling my story if no one can even come back to say ‘Thank you, what you did was brave’. I see no point,” she says.

The story of her family’s heroic act takes Mama Kibwana back to the days when the roof of her house wasn’t falling and the staircase to the first floor where Mandela and his comrades were hiding was strong. The house is located at the junction of Kanisa Street and Barabara ya Tano. This is where Mama Kibwana grew up. Her father gave her the house since she was the only child. Now, it is home to five other families, each paying Sh10,000 as rent per month.

When Mandela and his friend were introduced to her, she was selling Kimpumu, some local brew made from millet. She offered them some before they left an hour and a half later. Since they spoke very little Swahili, the young man who brought them was their translator. He spoke some English. It was around 10:30 pm when they returned to Mama Kibwana’s the following day. They were quite restless, she says. They would get on their feet on hearing someone knocking and couldn’t sit still. Mama Kibwana wasn’t afraid to host them even though she had a whole family depending on her.

Both her parents were deceased and so she lived with her grandmother, her aunt and seven children. The oldest was 28 while the youngest was just a teenager. Only two among the seven, a son and a daughter are living.

“I told my family to keep this a secret. It wasn’t hard for me because I didn’t have any girlfriends to worry about. I was certain that no one would gossip about it. I was the only child to my parents and had grown up to be very independent. And at the time, my husband and I were already divorced,” she explains.

When the men came, Mandela’s leg was swollen. They were four this time. Mama Kibwana said that she mixed some flour, eggs and herbs and massaged him. It took about three weeks for him to recover.

“Their clothes were very dirty. I gave them my vitenge (African print wrap-around) and washed their clothes. I bought clothes for them two weeks later. And a week later, I bought some more for the other two,” she says. Second hand clothes were famously known as ‘mitunguo’ back then as they were sold on hangers. The cheapest would go for Sh 50 while the most expensive one could cost Sh 200.

The room Mandela slept in was on the first floor. It has a tiny window through which they could see the street outside, but the ones outside could not see them. “I had to create a veranda on the inside where they could rest during the day and get some fresh air. But there was no way they could walk outside during the day,” she explains.

With now four more mouths to feed, Mama Kibwana had to work harder. Mandela had given him Sh 500 the first day he came for the local brew she sold them. But he never gave any financial contribution afterwards. At first she used to buy two debes of the local brew for her business, but later on, she decided to make it herself so as to cut costs. She sold one litre of the local brew for Sh 100.

In the earlier days of their stay, Mandela and his colleagues didn’t eat much, Mama Kibwana says. She decided to join them during lunchtime so that they would be more at ease. “Whatever I ate, they ate as well,” she says adding that Mandela loved Ugali and fish. He didn’t like beans that were cooked with tomatoes and other vegetables. He just wanted them boiled. Makubalo’s favourite was Ugali with mlenda. She smiles at the thought of Makubalo calling out to her: “Mama kama malenda ipo nipe,” she mimics how he would ask for Mlenda and laughs. She says Makubalo didn’t have most of his front teeth.

According to Mama Kibwana, the men used to wake up at 6am to take breakfast. But later on, they would shower at 5am and then go back to bed until 8am when they had breakfast. They used to sleep a lot in the beginning. “I guess they were very tired from all the running,” she says.

Their host would put two buckets in the room for them to relieve themselves whenever they needed to instead of going to the toilet downstairs, just in case there was a guest and he saw them. One would be full of water and the other would be empty. And if they ever went out, it only happened at night. They would never go out together, but one at a time.

“Four months on, I remember hearing on the 4pm evening news on Radio Tanzania that they were looking for a South African man named Mandela. For about half an hour, I sat there wondering what I was going to do. Although I didn’t know if Mandela was among the men in my house, I knew that there was that possibility. I feared for my life. I was torn between kicking them out and calling the police. But I knew they had nowhere else to go to,” she says.

As she served them food that evening, Mama Kibwana told them about the news on the radio. “Mandela himself responded, but of course I didn’t know that it was him all this time. He said ‘Oh Mandela. I wonder where he went. You know we all left in a hurry and it has been a long journey from South Africa. We do not know where he went.’ He misled me,” she says with a chuckle.

It wasn’t until a few days later when he revealed his true identity. She remembers him saying: ‘Mimi ndio Mandela.’ (I am Mandela). Mama Kibwana was shocked and just muttered: ‘Alhamdulillah’ (Which is Arabic for All praise and thanks to God). “He asked me why I gave such a remark, and I told him that I was grateful to God,” she says. The Kibwana’s had also been fortunate to host the late Mwalimu Nyerere at some point in history, according to Mama Kibwana.

“There are several homes here in Mbeya which once provided refuge to politicians during the independence era. But I am surprised that nothing is being done to even say ‘Thank You, your courage is recognised and appreciated’,” she says bitterly.

By Esther Mngodo

The Citizen

Coup d’etat yo muri 1973: Abishyize hamwe ntakibananira (Igice cya 5 ) :Imvururu zo mu w’1973 mu Rwanda zatewe na nde ?

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Camarades du 0507

Tumaze iminsi dusoma ibijyanye n’amateka yaranze u Rwanda, cyane cyane chapitre ya coup d’etat yo muri 1973. Iyi coup d’etat niyo yabaye nyirabayazana w’inzika zabaye hagati y’Abiswe Abanyenduga n’abiswe Abakiga. Nyuma yayo, ibyiza by’igihugu byinshi byikubiwe n’abantu bakomokaga mu turere twa Gisenyi na Ruhengeri cyangwa rimwe na rimwe Byumba. Ibi byatumye mu by’ukuri Abanyarwanda batumva ko bafite uruhare rungana ku gihugu ku buryo byagize ingaruka mu gihe cy’intambara yatangijwe n’inkotanyi mu kwezi kwa 10 umwaka wa 1990.

Byageze aho abanyenduga bamwe bumva ko urugamba rugomba kurwanwa n’abakiga ngo kuko ari bo bari bafite ibyo barwanira! Abasirikare bamwe batorokaga urugamba bakisangira Inkotanyi mu gihe abenshi mu bakiga bo bumvaga koko igihugu bagomba kukitangira kugeza kuwa nyuma. Muri politiki abanyenduga cg abiswe abanyenduga nibo babaye aba mbere mu gushinga amashyaka arwanya leta ndetse afatanya na FPR mu gushegesha Habyarimana. Twagiramungu Faustin yabyukije MDR (ariko iza ari pirate), Mugenzi Justi afatanyije na Lando basinga PL, PSD ntawe utari uyizi ko yari igizwe n’abanyabutare benshi,  Nayinzira Jean Nepomuscene niwe munya gisenyi wenyine washinze ishyaka rirwanya Leta.

Nyuma yaho gatoya ikibazo cyaje gusa n’aho ari abahutu barwana n’abatutsi ariko byari byaratinze, FPR imaze kwemerwa no gushyigikirwa.

Kudasesengura iki kibazo bishobora gutuma dupfobya amasomo akubiyemo maze ejo bundi hagora urundi rugamba ruba ngombwa ugasanga abantu bakomeje ibyo byumviro. Ntawe ushobora gukira igisebe atavuye!

Ubwanditsi.

Parution: Tuesday 19 August 2014, 21:31
Par:Jean de Dieu MUSEMAKWELI

Ese kudeta yo ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973 ntiyashoboraga kuburizwamo ?

Iyo umuntu yiyemeje gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu, ntibihagije kuba abyifuza cyangwa afite impamvu ze bwite. Hagomba kuboneka n’izindi mpamvu zituma abantu bibwira ko ingoma ivuyeho yagombaga guhirima koko. Abakoze kudeta mu Rwanda mu w’1973 basanze guteza umutekano muke mu gihugu aribyo byatuma amahanga ndetse n’Abanyarwanda bavuga ko ingoma ya Kayibanda yari inaniwe. Nibwo rero muri Gashyantare 1973 boheje insoresore ngo zirukane Abatutsi mu mashuri yisumbuye n’amakuru ndetse no mu kazi, haba mu biro no mu bigo bya leta cyangwa iby’abikorera ku giti cyabo. Abantu bazi gushishoza bahereyeko babona ko iyo “muyaga” itewe n’abantu bashaka kwifatira ubutegetsi. Hari ibitabo byinshi byagize icyo bivuga kuri iyo “muyaga”. Nyuma y’ubushishozi n’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, byose bihuriza kuri iyo ngingo. Icyanyuma nasomye kibihamya nta shiti ni icya  Bwana Pierre-Célestin Kabanda cyitwa, Rwanda. L’idéal des pionniers. Les hommes qui ont fait la différence, Ed. Sources du Nil, Lille, 2012, pp.275-277.

Hari abantu badakeneye gusoma ibyo bitabo kugirango bamenye icyateye umutekano muke mu Rwanda mbere ya kudeta yo ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973. Impamvu ni uko biboneye n’amaso yabo ba nyirabayazana, bakagerageza kuvugana nabo kugirango bisubireho. Bavuganye kandi n’abo iyo nkubiri yari igamije guhitana (ingoma ya Kayibanda), barababurira ; ariko abandi ntibabyitaho. Negereye umwe muri abo bantu, ambwirana agahinda kenshi ukuntu ibintu byagenze, n’ukuntu ubwe nawe yari apfuye Imana igakinga akaboko, maze agakizwa n’amaguru. Ntabwo yifuje ko natangaza amazina ye, niyo mpamvu mpisemo kumwita “Viateur (Viyatori) Nzaramba”, avuka mu cyahoze ari perfegitura ya Gitarama. Yarangije  ishuri rikuru rya gisirikari mu w’1972. Muri 73 yari i Kigali, afite ipeti rya Suliyetona, akora mu bwubatsi bw’ibigo bya gisirikari n’ubw’amazu y’abasirikari, cyane cyane abakuru (officiers). Yakoraga mu cyitwa mu gifaransa “Bâtiment militaire”.

Imvururu zashojwe n’abashakaga kwifatira ubutegetsi

Yarambwiye ati : “Imvururu zabaye muri 1973 kuzishyira kuri perezida Grégoire Kayibanda ni ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa. Muri 1973 nari umusirikari mukuru (officier) nkora mu ubuwubatsi bwa gisirikari (Compagnie des Bâtiments Militaires -BM)  i Kanombe. Twakoreshaga abakozi b’ abasivili benshi aho twubakishaga amazu mu bigo bya gisirikare mu gihugu cyose. Nari nshinzwe kubakisha (chantiers) mu bigo bya Kigali,  Bugesera (abasirikari),  Bugesera (urubyiruko), Gabiro,  Byumba na Butare. Ahandi, imirimo y’ubwubatsi yari iyobowe na Kapiteni Mutabazi na Liyetona Rwabakika bubakisha tuvuge nk’ikigo cy’abapolisi cyo ku Kacyiru.

Imvururu zatangiriye mu bigo by’amashuri, bifata abakozi ba gisivili bo  mu bigo bya gisirikari (Main d’oeuvre civile – MOC), bifata ibigo bya Leta, kuri za ministeri bamanika amalisti ariho amazina y’Abatutsi ngo  be kongera kuhinjira.

Reka mpere ku bindeba aho nari mu bigo bya gisirikare. Nazindukiye ku kazi, nyura ku iperu mu kigo cy’i Kanombe (Base). Tumaze kuzamura ibendera, nagiye mu ibarizo, nsanga akazi kahagaze kubera ko umukuru waryo (Kapita, chef charpentier) n’umwungirije, abakozi babiri kuri bane bakoreshaga amamashini abaza batari baje ku kazi.  Aho basudiraga ibyuma (atelier soudure) naho byari uko. Ubwo poromiye serija (Ier  Sergent) Serugendo nawe aba araje. Ku nyubako z’i Kanombe yari yungirije Liyetona Rwabakika wo mu Ruhengeri. Ati “ Akazi ko kubaka kahagaze, Kapita n’abafundi bababujije kwinjira mu kigo”.  Liyetona Rwabakika na Kapiteni  Mutabazi barambwira ngo nimbyihorere.

Nafashe ikamyo ipakiye isima  njya ku kigo cya Kigali, nsanga naho ni uko, ngo nta Mututsi ugomba kugaruka ku kazi ; kandi abo bose bakoreshwaga na Ministeri y’ingabo z’igihugu n’abapoloisi.  Nagiye aho abasirikari bakuru bicira akanyota (Messe officiers) i Kigali, ntelefona umukuru (Commandant) w’iby’ubwubatsi bwa gisirikari (Compagnie Bâtiments militaires) i Kanombe, umuzungu witwaga Kapiteni Badou, musaba amabwiriza, ati “nanjye byanyobeye, Kapiteni Mutabazi wo ku Gisenyi yavuze ko amabwiriza yavuye hejuru, ko ari ibirebana n’umutekano, kandi ko tutabyivangamo”.  Yangiriye inama ko njya kubaza Lizinde wari ushinzwe kwiga imishinga (chef du Bureau d’Etude) muri ministeri y’Ingabo , ko ari byo Kapiteni Mutabazi abwiye Kapiteni Badou. Nagiye kuri ministeri, Lizinde aranyakira, mubwiye ko akazi kahagaze, ko ntumva icyo abo Batutsi bazira, ati : « Ceceka, si wowe ushinzwe umutekano w’igihugu. Mushake Abahutu mubashyire muri iyo myanya Abatutsi bari bafite, niba ntabo mubatoze(formez-les) ».

Ntawe utazi amateka ya Lizinde n’uruhare yagize muri kudeta yo mu w’1973. Mpereye ku mvugo  no ku buryo Liyetona Rwabakika, Kapiteni Mutabazi, na poromiye Serija (IerSergent) Serugendo bitwaye, bose ni Abakiga kandi bari babizi, nahereyeko numva ko hari ikintu. Kubona na poromiye Serija (Ier Sergent) w’umukiga yari azi iyo gahunda yo kwirukana abakozi b’Abatutsi mu bigo bya gisirikare, njyewe w’umunyagitarama, umusirikari mukuru (officier) ntabizi, ari njye wari ufite henshi nubakisha,  naza ngasanga abakozi barahagaritswe ntabizi, Lizinde ati “si wowe ushinzwe umutekano w’igihugu!” None se Serugendo wari ubizi ni we wari uwushinzwe ? Cyangwa ni uko yari mu kabanga k’abateguye izo mvururu we na Kapitene Mutabazi na Liyetona Rwabakika?

Mu mashuri : muri koleji ya Mutagatifu Andereya i Nyamirambo, nagiyeyo mpurujwe na Padiri Goffinet wayoboraga icyo kigo, ko murumuna wanjye DD nawe ari uwambere ku rutonde rw’abo komite (comité) y’abanyeshuri yirukanye, akanga kugenda, akaba yahungiye mu biro by’umuyobozi (Directeur) ko ariho bamukingiranye ngo abanyeshuri batamwica. Niba imvururu zarashojwe na Kayibanda, kuki n’Abahutu bakomoka Gitarama birukanwaga, nk’uwo murumuna wanjye bamwirukaniye iki ?  Nageze i Nyamirambo nambaye imyenda y’intambara, ntanga gasopo ko Padiri Goffinet agenda akabwira izo mbwa zizana akajagari ko nizikora kuri murumuna wanjye, zishobora kubona ishyano. Padiri Goffinet yambwiye ko yari yatelefonnye ku kigo cy’abapolisi ngo baze bamutabare, bakamubwira ngo niyivuganire n’umuyobozi mukuru w’abapolisi muri ministeri y’ingabo. Uwo yari Majoro Nsekarije. Padiri Goffinet yagiye kwa Nsekarije, Nsekarije amwirukana mu biro bye. Padiri Goffinet yarongeye arambwira ati : “Aka kajagari ni intangiriro za kudeta. Biragaragara ko hari abantu bari gushaka urwitwazo rwo gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu”. None imvururu zitatewe n’abo bishakiraga ubutegetsi,niba njye njyenyine narabashije kugarura agahenge muri Koleji i Nyamirambo, bo bari bashinzwe umutekano w’igihugu, cyarabahaye n’ibyangombwa byose byo kuwubungabunga,kuki  ntacyo bakoze ?

Nahavuye ndakaye, nyura kwa Kapiteni Bizimana ndabimubwira, ambwira ko umuzungu w’umusuwisi yabwiye Kayibanda ko abasirikare bategura kudeta, ko bazakoresha n’abacanshuro (mercenaires),  avuga n’ahantu (site) abo basirikari n’abo bacanshuro bashobora kuzahurira.

Kudeta yashoboraga kuburizwamo

Ni muri urwo rwego twigeze gukura abasirikare mu kigo cy’i Kanombe, barara amarondo, dushinga ibirindiro (gufata amapozisiyo – positions) dutegereje ka hagira abagerageza kudeta, tukayiburizamo. Kubera ahantu henshi nubakishaga, navuganye na bamwe mu basirikari bo mu bigo bya Kibungo,  Mutara, Byumba,  Bugesera, Ruhengeri, Kommando Bigogwe, kampanyi yambere, iya kabiri n’iya gatatu z’i Kanombe, ndetse n’abo mu bwubatsi bwa gisirikari,  hose biteguye kudukurikira tukaburizamo kudeta.

Ibyo byarakaje cyane Jenerali Majoro Habyarimana, ashinga Majoro Simba Aloys ngo akore itohoza (enquête) amubwire abaraje abasirikare hanze, ngo ntiyumva uko azabagira, ngo nta gihano kiriho azi gikwiranye n’abo bantu. Simba yakoze anketi, ayiha Habyarimana. Njye nemereye Majoro Simba ko nabikoze kandi niteguye kubyongera, nti “ushaka ubutegetsi AZIYAMAMAZE, atorwe n’abaturage, naho uzongera kuzana akajagari, tuzamurwanya”. Nongeyeho ko ntagiye mu gisirikare kugirango murumuna wanjye ye kutiga. Nongeyeho nti “Ese ubundi ari Umuhutu cyangwa Umututsi ni nde Imana yahitishijemo ubwoko avukamo ?” Nahereyeko mvanwa i Kigali igitaraganya, noherezwa mu kindi kigo cya gisirikari mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. Ikibabaje ni uko Kayibanda yakomeje kuvuga ngo HABYARIMANA ntiyareka Abakiga ngo bakore kudeta !

Kapiteni Bizimana abwiye Kayibanda ko narakajwe n’uko murumuna wanjye bamwirukanye bamubeshyera ngo ni Umututsi, ko ntumva n’icyo abo Batutsi bazira, Kayibanda yaravuze ngo “ese ni njye wakanga Abatutsi, ntikwaba ari ugutuka Verediyana ?” Kayibanda amenye ko Nsekarije yanze kohereza Abapolisi, yavuze ko bagomba kumwirukana, ko n’igipolisi kidahosha imvururu ntacyo kimaze. Niyo mpamvu yasheshe igipolisi, akivanga n’ingabo kugirango byose Habyarimana abitegeke, naho Nsekarije na Kanyarengwe bashyirwaga mu majwi bakajyanwa mu mashuri no mu gutegeka ibyayi. Kayibanda yahereyeko ahamagara Habyarimana, amutegeka kwohereza Ingabo kugarura umutekano mu gihugu. Mu bagiye guhosha imvururu, Kapiteni Maniraguha wo mu Ruhengeri na Suliyetona Nyampame nibo bajyanye ingabo zivuye i Kanombe gufatanya n’ipoloto (peloton) y’i Gitarama guhosha imvururu muri Gitarama.

Aho nari naraciriwe, nakomezaga gukurikira amakuru y’ibibera i Kigali. Icyo nabwiwe mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1973 na Minani Frodouald ni uko Liyetona  Niyoyita yari amaze gukora urutonde rw’abasirikari bimuriwe igihe kimwe nanjye. Urwo rutonde rwerekanaga neza cyane ukuntu abasirikari b’abasuzofisiye (Sous-officiers) n’abandi batojwe mu kurwanisha intwaro zisanzwe (armes collectives) bakomoka mu majyepfo y’igihugu bari bavanywe i Kigali na Kanombe, bakoherezwa za Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Ruhengeri, Mutara, Kibungo, babasimbuza abakomoka Gisenyi, Ruhengeri na Byumba. Twasabye kubaza perezida icyo abitekerezaho, kuko iyo bamubwiraga ko hari agatsiko k’Abakiga gategura kudeta, yavugaga ko bidashoboka, kuko Habyarimana ari umwana we buzura kandi yizeye. Twasabaga kandi Minani Frodouald kubaza perezida icyo kuriya kwimura abasirikari byerekanaga, impamvu hari ubwikanyize bwa Gisenyi na Ruhengeri mu buyobozi bw’inzego zose zirebana n’umutekano w’igihugu. Twaravugaga kandi tuti: “ko bigaragara ka Abakiga bategura coup d’Etat, kandi nibayikora, bazica Abanyenduga, uwabatanga twe tukayikora, ntitugire uwo twica, ahubwo bamwe tukabafunga?”

Dore ko Minani yari aturanye na Kayibanda, yadusize muri salo, anyura mu gikari agiye kureba perezida Kayibanda. Yagarutse hashize isaha. Atubwira ko Habyarimana nta rondakarere cyangwa ubwikanyize bwa Gisenyi na Ruhengeri yazanye mu gisirikare, ko ahubwo kubera ko Ababiligi bari bategetse ko Abatutsi bagomba kuba hagati ya 15 na 20 % mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikari, we na Balthazar Bicamumpaka, na Calliope Mulindahapi bahisemo ko imyanya yari igenewe Abahutu, mu itsinda rya mbere (première promotion) bayiharira Ruhengeri na Gisenyi, kuko mu yandi maperefegitura bitari byoroshye kumenya umuhutu nyawe, ejo batazavaho basanga imyanya y’Abahtutu yaratwawe n’Umututsi dore ko ngo Abatutsi bakundaga gukubagana mu ngo z’abagaragu babo!

Ku bijyanye no kwimura abasirikari,  perezida Kayibanda yabwiye Minani ko azahamagara  Habyarimana akabimubaza, atabona ibisobanuro akamusaba kubihagarika, dore ko icyo gihe  u Rwanda n’u Burundi byarebanaga ay’ingwe.

Ku birebana na kudeta byo Kayibanda yamuteye utwatsi, amubwirako mu basirikari bakuru, Habyarimana ari we ugerageza (ufite “préparation” ihagije) ; ariko akaba atabona impamvu yatuma Habyarimana  akora Coup d’Etat. Ati “ Ese ubundi ubutegetsi si we ubufite, si we wampaye Seyanga na Bizimana ngo mbagire ba ministiri, ko njyewe urubyiruko n’amasiporo nashakaga kubishinga Rwagafirita ?” Yaramubwiye ngo atubwire ko n’iyo Abakiga bakora  kudeta, we nta maraso ashaka ko tumena ngo turamugarura ku butegetsi, ngo uretse ko n’itegeko nshinga ritamwemerera gukomeza kuyobora igihugu, n’abaganga bakaba baramusabye kuruhuka ; ko kongre itegurwa ariyo izatoranyaumukandida wa MDR uziyamamariza umwanya wa perezida, ikiga ikibazo cy’imvururu zayogoje igihugu, kandi akazasaba kongere gufatira abazishoje ibihano by’intangarugero. Yongeyeho ko Verediana yaba yaravuze ngo “ntakumena amaraso y’abandi Bahutu, Abatutsi bazayamena” ! Ngo dutegereze kongere ibyo byose izabikemura.

“Ntawe urenga nyamunsi”

Ku wa 1 Nyakanga uzi ko kuri stade Nyamirambo basuzuguye perezida Kayibanda izuba riva, nawe ati :“Abashaka gukora kudeta nibayikore, simbitinya”. Nibajije ibyo ari byo, biranyobera. Mfata imodoka mva aho nari naraciriwe, nza i Kigali kureba uko bimeze. Nagiye kwa Kapiteni Bizimana, mpurirayo na Ministiri Frodouald Minani na Kalisa, muramu wa perezida Kayibanda. Mbabaza ibyo nari numviye i Kanombe kuko nahanyuze, ba Liyetona Bikolimana bakambwira bati : “Zana abasirikari ufite mu ….. , tubwire n’abandi basigaye hano mu bacu, maze tuburizemo kudeta bategura kuko ngo bazayikora le 5 Nyakanga”. Ubwo twari le 3 Nyakanga. Bizimana twari turwaniye iwe, kuko nari mvuze ngo “ibya KAYIBANDA tubireke, dukore kudeta, dutange Abakiga”. Kapiteni Bizimana ati : “Ibyo perezida ntabikozwa. Yadutegetse gutegereza kongere ya le 5 Nyakanga, ni yo IZEMEZA cyangwa ikanga umukandida azabasaba gukurikira kuko we ashaka kuruhuka, agakurikirana ishyaka  rya MDR ”.  Ati “iby’abo Bakiga na kudeta zabo ni akajagari bashoje, kariya gatsiko kazafatirwa ibyemezo muri kongere”. Nti “mujye kumubwira amakuru mvanye i Kanombe ko le 5 Nyakanga hazaba kudeta”. Kapiteni Bizimana yaranze, agezeho ajya yo, agarutse ati : “Avuze ko usubira mu …, ugatanga urugero rwo kumvira”; ngo “bamundezeho ko nabanje no kwanga kujya mu ….”, ngo “le 5 Nyakanga azaha Abanyarwanda bose igisubizo muri kongere, ndetse ko n’iyo iyo kudeta bayikora, we yizeye Habyarimana, ko we adashaka ko hagira amaraso ameneka, nta mirwano ashaka mu ngabo z’igihugu ”. Nahise nsubira mu ….. ariko, nyuze i Kanombe, mbwira Bikorimana na Ajida  Habimana ko Kayibanda yategetse ko dutegereza kongere. Bati : “Nutaza, ba Kanyarengwe barakora kudeta kandi nyamara na Habyarimana  abirimo”.

Umwanzuro

Abahakana ko imvururu zitateguwe n’Abasilikari b’Abakiga babanze batubwire impamvu mu bigo by’amashuri komite z’abayoboye kariya kajagari zayoborwaga n’Abakiga. Niba ari Grégoire Kayibanda wabiteguye, basobanure ukuntu aho kugira ngo abe arinjye amenyesha iyo gahunda ku birebana n’abakozi b’Abatutsi mu bwubatsi bwa gisirikari, ko nagendaga kwa Kayibanda, kuki atabimenyesheje ? Yarandenze maze ajya kubimenyesha Kapiteni Mutabazi wo ku Gisenyi, Liyetona Rwabakika wo mu Ruhengeri, na poromiye Serija Serugendo batagenda iwe ?

Muri icyo gihe inama (Congrès) za MDR zarimo zitegurwa. Turi aho abasirikari bakuru biyakirira (Mess Officiers) i Kanombe, twaganiriye uko inzego z’ishyaka ziri kwiga urutonde rw’abashobora gusimbura Kayibanda. Frodouald Minani yacecekesheje umuntu wari uvuze ngo “ariko ubundi kuki KAYIBANDA atakomeza”, ngo “abo bose bashaka gusimbura Kayibanda ni abanyerari”, amubwira ko “revolisiyo ya rubanda yaciye ingoma ya cyami, nta butegetsi karande kandi ko na nyirubwite azabyibwirira Congrès”. Ku bwanjye (ni Sulieyetona Viateur Nzaramba ukomeje kuvuga) nabonaga Frodouald Minani ari we wari ubukwiye. Kuri jye, niyo mpamvu abakoze kudeta barigitishije disikuru Kayibanda yari kuvugira muri kongere yari iteganijwe le 05 juillet 1973, kuko igiye ahagaragara bamwara.

Tugaruke ku bya Lizinde wagize ati : “Si wowe ushinzwe umutekano w’igihugu”. Ubundi mu gihugu hari ibyo bita ministeri z’ubusugire bw’igihugu (ministères de souveraineté), ari zo :

1.Ububanyi n’amahanga (Affaires Etrangères, diplomatie).

2.  Ubutegetsi bw’igihugu (Interieur)

3. Kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu (Défense)

4. Imali y’igihugu (Finances)

Abashinzwe umutekano ni Ministeri 2 :  iy’Ingabo n’iy’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu. Izo ministeri zitegeka ingabo, abapolisi n’inzego z’iperereza (sûreté) zikoreshwa muri ako kazi ko kubungabunga umutekano n’ubusugire bw’igihugu. Mu w’1973 Ingabo, Abaplosi n’inzego z’iperereza byose byari muri Ministeri y’Ingabo. Habyarimana ni we wari ministiri, umugaba mukuru w’Ingabo n’abapolisi.Umuyobozi mukuru w’abapolisi (Directeur géneral de la police) yari Majoro Nsekarije (Gisenyi), umuyobozi mukuru w’iperereza yari liyetona Koloneli Kanyarengwe (Ruhengeri), naho Komanda Lizinde (Gisenyi) akaba umuyobozi w’ibiro by’imishinga n’izindi gahunda (Bureau Etude et Programme). Abo bagabo ni bo bari bashinzwe iperereza no kurinda umutekano. Imvururu zabaye babizi, barabirebera, barareka ziraba. Umuyobozi wa Koleji ya Mutagatifu Andereya yitabaje Abapolisi, Nsekarije ababuza gutabara, nabivuze. Abo bose ni Abakiga, bakoze kudeta bitwaje ziriya mvururu, baburizamo kongere ya MDR yagombaga gutoranya umukandida wari kuziyamamariza umwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu, igasuzuma na kiriya kibazo cy’imvururu zabaye. Bakoze kudeta, bariya bagabo ni bo bafashe imyanya ikomeye :

1.Habyarimana : Umukuru w’igihugu, perezida wa Komite y’ubumwe n’amahoro, ministiri w’ingabo, n’umugaba mukuru wazo.

2. Kanyarengwe : Ministiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu n’abakozi ba Leta (ministeri 2).

3. NSEKARIJE : Ububanyi n’amahanga.

4. LIZINDE = Umuyobozi mukuru w’iperereza.

Uwavuga ko bariya bagabo bane, hamwe na bagenzi babo bashoje imvururu mu gihugu kugirango babyitwaze bakore kudeta, bamara kuyikora bagasibanganya ibimenyetso, bakica Abanyagitarama, bakabubikaho urusyo ngo bari bagiye kuroha Urwanda, ngo Kayibanda yari agiye guhindura itegeko nshinga kugirango ahame ku ubutegetsi, ntiyaba yibeshye. Ikindi kandi, bamwe Badatana bo ku wa 5 Nyakanga (Camarades du 5 juillet) baracyariho   : Koloneli Serubuga, Koloneli Gahimano, Koloneli Ntibitura n’anandi. Bakwiye kugira icyo babivugaho.

BIRACYAZA….

Jean de Dieu Musemakweli

Ikibazo cya Kiga-Nduga: Dukande twomora

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Muri iyi minsi, nyuma y’aho hatangarijwe “Ikoraniro rya mbere ryo kuzirikana abahitanywe na Coup d’Etat yo kuwa 5 Nyakanga 1973 mu Rwanda”, haragarukwa cyane ku kibazo cya Kiga na Nduga cyabyaye intandaro, cyangwa cyavutse kuri ayo mateka ababaje. Ku ruhande rumwe, birakwiye kandi igihe cyari kigeze. Byaba akaga gutekereza ejo hazaza h’u Rwanda twirengagije ko kugira uburenganzira bungana ari imwe mu misingi y’amahoro arambye mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose. Muri urwo rwego, ni byiza kuba abazize jenoside bibukwa buri mwaka. Byabaye byiza kurushaho, uyu mwaka, ubwo amashyaka umuntu yakwita Nouvelle Génération yateraga intambwe yo gusabira abazize ubundi bwicanyi, cyane cyane bwakozwe na FPR, bari barashyizwe mu kato. Byongeye kuba byiza kwibuka aba banyarwanda bo muri 1973, na bo ni abacu. Ku rundi ruhande ariko, hatabayemo gushishoza, ibi bikorwa binyuranye byo kwibuka bishobora kugarukira ku marangamutima no guhagama mu mateka, hakabura intambwe igana imbere, ari yo musaruro nyakuri mu mateka no muri politiki.

1. Ihame ryo kwa muganga: kirazira kubaga umurwayi udashobora kumwomora.

Bijya bibaho ko umurwayi agana kwa muganga afite uburwayi busaba kubagwa (intervention chirurgicale). Biratungurana iyo kwa muganga bateye utwatsi ibyo kumubaga, kandi nyamara na bo badahakana ko byamubera umuti. Ibi biba nk’iyo bamusanganye umuvuduko w’amaraso ukabije (hypertension) bagatinya ko yagwa ku iseta, iyo afite amaraso make (anémie) cyangwa afite indi ndwara ituma amaraso ye atavura (nka diabète) bikaba byagorana kuvura ibikomere. Iyo habonetse imwe muri izo mpamvu, ibyo kumubaga barabizibukira, kuko biba bishobora kumuteza ikibazo kirenze icyo yari asanganwe. No mu mateka y’ibihugu ni kimwe. Gusubira mu mateka, cyane cyane ababaje, ni nko kubaga umurwayi. Ubikora, iyo ashaka kubaka, agomba guteganya n’uburyo azomora ibikomere nyuma yo kubaga umurwayi. Iyo ibi bidakozwe, umurwayi aba yongerewe “amahirwe yo gupfa”. Hejuru yo kuba ashobora kwicwa n’uburwayi, haba hiyongeyeho ko anashobora kwicwa n’ubuvuzi. Urugero ni ibyo kwibuka mu Rwanda. Kimwe mu byo abatari bake tunenga FPR, ni uko ibyo kwibuka abazize jenoside bikorwa nk’ubuvuzi butagamije gukiza indwara, ahubwo bugamije kuyikomeza no kuyongera.

2. Ihame ryo mu mateka: iyo uhanganye n’umuntu, utitonze, amaherezo urangiza mwarabaye mahwi.

Mu mibanire y’abantu, hari ibitangaza. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko iyo umuntu afite uwo bahanganye, muri uko kugenda baterana intobo n’amagambo, ifoto ye igenda imucengera buhoro buhoro atabizi, akazakanguka barabaye mahwi. Reka ntange urugero kuri Israheli. Icyo aba “nazi” bahemukiyeho abayahudi, si ukuba gusa barabishe mu ntambara ya kabiri y’isi yose. Icyabiherekeje kandi na cyo kibabaje, ni uko ya mikorere y’abanazi yo kwica nta mpuhwe inzirakarengane, yacengeye abayahudi bamwe, akaba ari yo uyu munsi barimo gukoresha ku banyapalestina. Iyo ubonye umuyobozi wa Israheli asobanura ku matereviziyo, nta soni, ko umutekano wayo ubaha uburenganzira bwo gutera bombe ahabonetse hose, zikarimbura abana amajana mu kwezi, ubona ko n’ubwo “abanazi” bapfuye, ariko “ubunazi” nk’imyumvire n’imikorere y’ubugome ntaho bwagiye.

N’ibi by’iwacu ni kimwe. Muri iyi myaka 20 ishize abantu bahanganye na FPR, tutitonze ushobora gusanga hari byinshi tuyinenga, nyamara kubera uko guhora twitsiritana na yo mu mpaka, tukagenda twandura tutabizi. Hari byinshi tuyinenga bizatinda bikubaka indiri mu bayinenga nyirizina. Kimwe muri byo, ni umuco wo kubaga ibibyimba udatekereza ku muti n’icyomoro. Tudashishoje, n’aya mateka yo kwibuka ni ko yarangira. Ugasanga, nk’uko FPR ibigenza, bihindutse umuti wica kurusha uburwayi. Ubwabyo birakwiye. Ikibazo gishobora kuvuka mu cyerekezo tubiha.

3. Kuvangura ibintu ni umusingi ukwiye.

Icya mbere dukwiye kugarukaho iyo hazamuwe icyitwa ikibazo ngo cya Kiga na Nduga, ni ukuvangura ibintu mu nzira eshatu, twumvikanisha iyo Kiga n’iyo Nduga izo ari zo.

Mu nzira ya mbere, birakwiye gusobanura Kiga na Nduga nk’imiterere y’ubutaka. Ku basoma Bibiliya, baribuka inkuru ya Bikira Mariya ajya gusura mubyara we Elizabeti (Lk 1,39). Bibiliya Ntagatifu y’abagatolika ivuga ko yagiye kumusura “mu misozi miremire”, n’aho bibiliya zimwe z’abaporoso zikavuga ko yagiye kumusura mu “Nkigacyangwa mu Rukiga”. Byombi ni byo. Mu kinyarwanda, Inkiga cyangwa Urukiga bivuga akarere k’imisozi miremire. Ni na yo mpamvu buri karere kagira inkiga zako. Ikinyuranyo cy’Urukiga ni amayaga, ni ukuvuga agace k’umurambi. Na za Gikongoro imisozi miremire bayita mu Nkiga. Za Gitarama umusozi wa Ndiza bawita mu Nkiga.

Mu nzira ya kabiri, Urukiga na Nduga ni uturere tuzwi mu mateka y’u Rwanda. Rukiga ni akarere k’ubuyobozi (disctrict) kabarizwaga hagati ya Byumba, Ngarama, Gabiro na Kinihira. Naho Nduga ho hari Gitarama yegereye mu Marangara. Ufatiye aha, wavuga ko gufata ibibazo byavutse hagati ya Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri ukabyita Nduga na Kiga ari ugupapira. Mu nzira ya mbere, Inkiga ziri hose ahari imisozi miremire. Na Gitarama, ahegereye umusozi wa Ndiza bahita mu Nkiga. Mu nzira ya kabiri, urabona ko ibibazo hagati ya repubulika zombi bidakwiye kwitwa Kiga na Nduga. Ntabo tuzi bo muri repubulika ya kabiri bavukaga ahahoze hitwa Rukiga. Ndetse n’abo mu ya mbere bavukaga ahitwa Nduga babarirwa ku ntoki z’ikiganza kimwe.

Mu nzira ya gatatu ariko, tugarukiye aha, twaba twanduye ya ndwara ya FPR yo kuvuga ngo nta kibazo gihari, mu gihe n’uruhinja rubona ko gihari koko. Turetse inyito ya Kiga na Nduga bahaye iki kibazo mu kwibeshya cyangwa ku zindi nyungu, ikibazo cy’ivangura rishingiye ku duce tunyuranye tw’u Rwanda cyabaye hagati ya repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri gikwiye kwitabwaho. Ibiri amambu, tugiye kwerekana indi nkomoko yacyo abantu batajya bitaho.

4. Imiterere y’aho abantu bakomoka (facteur géographique) igira ingaruka ku myumvire yabo ya politiki.

Usesenguye amateka y’isi, usanga abo mu majyepfo n’abo mu majyaruguru batagira imyumvire imwe ya politiki. Ibi kandi si umwihariko w’u Rwanda.

Tugiye mu mateka ya kera, natanga urugero rwa Israheli. Kuva mu bihe bya kera, abo mu majyaruguru (Galileya na Samariya) n’abo mu majyepfo (Yudeya) bamye badahuza mu myumvire ya politiki. Mu Byakozwe n’Intumwa 5,36-39, umuhanga Gamaliyeli avuga mu ncamake imyivumbagatanyo ya Politiki yahungabanyije Israheli mu gihe cya Yezu. Igitangaje ni uko izo mpinduramatwara zose zabaga zirangajwe imbere n’abo mu majyaruguru (Tewudasi, Yuda w’umunyagalileya, Yezu, twakongeraho na Yohani Batista). Iki ni icyitegererezo ko amajyaruguru n’amajyepfo batahuzaga mu bya politiki.

Tugiye mu mateka y’ubu, twafata urugero ku Burayi. Mu byegeranyo byose bivuga ku bipimo by’intambwe ya demokarasi, ibihugu byo mu majyaruguru (Damenark, Norvège, Finlande, Swède) biza iteka imbere y’ibigana mu majyepfo (Portugal, Espagne, France, Italie). Abahanga berekana ko bifite igisobanuro mu miterere y’akarere (facteur géographique). Ndetse ugereranije isi yose, ubona ko demokarasi no kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu bigenda bigira ingufu uko werekeza mu majyaruguru y’isi, wagana mu majyepfo (ahari na Afurika) bikazamba.

N’iwacu, kuba abantu banyuranya muri politiki biturutse ku turere bavukamo, ntibitangaje kandi si iby’ubu. Duhereye mu mateka ya kure, Umwanditsi Jan Vansina, mu gitabo cye (Le Rwanda Ancien), yerekana icyo kinyuranyo ku ipaji ya 229. Uko abisesengura, ahagana muri 1897, ubutegetsi bw’umwami bwari bugeramiwe muri rusange mu majyaruguru, mu gihe mu majyepfo ho bwari bugikanyakanya. Twanibutsa ko mu bice by’amajyaruguru hari henshi ubuhake butabarizwaga. Ndetse uriya muhanga yerekana uburyo umwaduko w’abakoroni wahaye agahenge ubwami, ukabuha ijambo muri utwo duce tw’amajyaruguru, aho ubundi bwari bugeramiwe n’imyivumbagatanyo.

Munyumve nesa, sinshaka guhamya ko abo mu majyaruguru baba ari aba “démocrates” kurusha abo mu majyepfo, ubushakashatsi ntibubinyemerera, cyakoze kuba hari isano hagati y’aho abantu bakomoka n’imyumvire yabo ya politiki, byo ni ukuri. No kuba abanyarwanda bagira imyumvire inyuranye bitewe n’igice cy’u Rwanda bakomokamo, nta gitangaje kirimo ahubwo ni ubukungu. Ubundi muri politiki, kuba hari imyumvire inyuranye si ikibazo. Ikibazo kivuka iyo hatabonetse inzira zo kuyiha uruhare mu kubaka igihugu bose bahuriyeho. Iki ni cyo kibazo cy’ukuri.

5. Ikibazo cy’ukuri: umukino utagira amategeko no gusimburana mu kibuga.

Kunyuranya muri politiki si umwihariko w’abanyarwanda. Ndetse ahubwo, politiki ni cyo ibereyeho. Ni urubuga rwo guhurizamo amakipe anyuranye, akina binyuranye, ariko hagamijwe guteza umukino imbere. Igituma ahandi umukino wa politiki ushoboka kandi ugakorwa mu mudendezo (ari byo twita demokarasi), si uko batanyuranyije mu myumvire, ahubwo ni uko bashyizeho amategeko agenga umukino, yubashywe na bose, ari yo bita mu gifaransa “les institutions”. Dukoresheje iyo shusho y’umupira w’amaguru, inzego cyangwa “institutions” ni nk’amategeko agenga umukino. Buri wese akaba azi ibyemewe n’ibidakorwa, ibigawa n’ibishimwa; hakaba abashinzwe gukina (amashyaka anyuranye) n’abashinzwe gusifura (ubutabera bwigenga); “championat” ari yo mandat ikagira igihe itangirira n’igihe irangirira; utsinzwe akamenya igihe “championat” y’ubutaha izatangirira, akaba atoza ikipe ye; utsinze na we ntiyirare, akamenya ko ubutaha arangaye bamutsinda mpaga; buri wese akamenya imyitwarire ihanishwa ikarita y’umuhondo cyangwa umutuku; hakamenyekana uko abakinnyi basimburana mu kibuga n’ibindi.

Ikibazo cy’ukuri mu Rwanda si abakinnyi banyuranye mu myumvire n’imikinire. Ni uko umukino wa politiki mu Rwanda waranzwe no kutagira amategeko. Iyo nta mategeko, n’ubwo waba umupira w’amaguru, bibyara ingorane zikomeye. Urase umupira, araha akaguru ka mugenzi we; ukiniwe nabi agatora amabuye; uteye igicamurundi ntagire inkurikizi; ushatse agacishamo agakinisha n’amaboko; uhawe ikarita y’umutuku akarahira ko aho gusohoka mu kibuga yasiga agitwitse; uwatsinzwe mu cyiciro cya mbere (première division) agomba kumanuka mu cya kabiri, agatora umuheto akemeza bose ko ari we watwaye igikombe cya championat… ngayo ng’uko. Ushaka kumva ingorane za politiki y’u Rwanda, nafate icyo kigereranyo cy’umupira w’amaguru agikoreshe ku bibazo bya politiki n’imiyoborere.

Iyicwa ry’abanyapolitiki bo muri repubulika ya mbere waryumva muri ubu buryo.Kubibuka ni byiza, ariko igikuru ni uko byaba umwanya wo kureba icyakorwa ngo uyu mukino wa politiki ugire amategeko azwi, yemeranijweho, kandi yubashywe na bose. Niba bitabaye, ziracyapfa Bitanihira! Ikibazo nyakuri ni ukwibaza impamvu iteka impinduka z’ubutegetsi ziherekezwa n’amaraso. Yaramenetse hagati y’ubwami na repubukila ya mbere, arameneka hagati ya repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri, arameneka hagati y’iya kabiri n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR…….kuzageza ryari? Intambwe ya mbere ni uko abantu batakwinjira muri izi mpaka gusa nk’abanyamateka, ahubwo bakwiye kuzinjiramo nk’abanyapolitiki.

6.Itandukaniro hagati yo gucukumbura amateka no gukora politiki.

Ucukumbura amateka aba agamije kumva ibyabaye, ukora politiki aba agamije kurema (déterminer) ibizaba. Impungenge mfite ni uko impaka nyinshi no gucukumbura birimo bikorwa ku kibazo cy’abanyapolitiki bo muri repubulika ya mbere bishwe, zishobora kuzuramo amateka, zikaburamo politiki. Twaba duhombye. Bibaye, zaba zifite amahirwe menshi yo gusiga ibintu aho zabisanze, niba zitabisubije inyuma. Abateguye ibikorwa byo kubibuka basobanura ikigamijwe muri aya amagambo:

“Nyuma y’imyaka 41 y’intimba, nta n’uburenganzira na mba bwo kuyaga cyangwa kuyagirwa twe basize inyuma twigeze tugira, igihe kirageze, ku babishoboye, ngo baruhuke ingoyi y’ibikomere bikibashegesha umutima. Ni n’umwanya wo kwifatanya n’inshuti tugasangira ishavu, akababaro no kwizera, tukanagaruka ku kitwibutsa abacu. Ni umwanya kandi utagira uko usa wo gushimira ababasimbuye mu kutubera ababyeyi, kimwe n’abandi bose batugaragarije ko bifatanyije natwe muri ayo makuba”.

Ni byiza, nk’imiryango yabuze ababo, igitekerezo cyabo ni icyo gushyigikirwa, ndetse njye nzajya kubafata mu mugongo. Kubasaba ibirenze ibi, byaba ari ubushotoranyi. Gusa na none, birakwiye ko abakora politiki bo batera indi ntambwe. Igikorwa nk’iki aba ari umwanya wo guteza imbere imyumvire n’imikorere ya politiki. Dore nk’ubu abana bakomoka kuri ziriya ntwari za demokarasi bari bakwiye kugira uruhare muri politiki, urumuri rwa demokarasi rwacanywe n’abababyara, ntiruzimirire ku barwonse mu mashereka, bakarutora ku byahi. Ariko se byaba bimaze iki kubatumira mu kibuga, aho uzabavuna amaguru atazahabwa n’ikarita y’umuhondo? Ese wababwira ngo nimuze muri politiki namwe muzahasige ubuzima nka ba so na sogokuru? Abanyapolitiki, cyane cyane ababyiruka, ba “basore bashaje”, iyi ni imwe mu mpinduka bashobora kuzana. Kurwanira ko politiki nyarwanda yareka kuba irimbi ry’intwari n’ijabiro ry’ibigwari. Politiki si ubushakahatsi ku byahise gusa, ni no kurema ibizaza. Itandukaniro hagati y’umunyapolitiki na rubanda rusanzwe, ni uko mu gihe rubanda twe dutegereza ibizaza tukazareba n’uko tubyitwaramo, umunyapolitiki we ari wa wundi uharanira ko byazagenda uko abishaka. Kandi birashoboka.

Hari uwabyumva akagira ati noneho abanyapolitiki ubahinduye imana. Oya, ariko dufashe urugero buri wese yakumva. Reba Kagame na FPR ye. Wabakunda, utabakunda, kwemera ko hari ibyo bashoboye byananiye abandi ni ukugira ubudakemwa mu bwenge (honnêteté intellectuelle). Kagame na FPR bashoboraga gutegereza uko ingoma ya Habyarimana izarangira, ariko nk’abanyapolitiki, bahisemo gutegura no kurema (déterminer) uko bazayirangiza. Bategura kwica Habyarimana banabigeraho. Muri uwo mugambi wo kurema ibiri imbere, banateguye uko “opposition” y’imbere mu gihugu izabafasha, barangiza bakayirimburana n’imizi. Na byo byageze aho birashyika. Ndetse banateguye uburyo iyo “opposition” bayibibamo urubori ruzatuma icyo gisekuru kitongera kwegura umutwe, babacamo ibice. Bariherereye, birenza ba Gatabazi na Gapyisi, baricecekera, bagenzi babo bajya ku maradiyo babishinja Habyarimana.

Ikigaragara ni uko “opposition” y’imbere yakoraga nka rubanda, yategerezaga ibiba, ikareba uko yabyitwaramo. Yarakurikiraga, ntiyateguraga. Nta mugambi wa politiki yagiraga. Naho FPR yo yarabiteguraga ikanabirema, ari cyo mu by’ukuri cyitwa gukora politiki. Uko guhuzagurika kwa “opposition” kwatumye abari bafatanyije no mu mashyaka amwe icyo gihe, ubu ntawe usuhuzanya n’undi. Siniriwe nshyiraho amazina. FPR yaboneyeho akanya irabacanga nk’ucanga amakarita, ku buryo n’abari basangwanywe amasano ya hafi mu miryango, ubu aho umwe anyuze undi ahanyuza umuriro. Aha hanadufasha kumva impamvu muri iyi myaka 20 ishize, abantu bari barakoranye, byabananiye kwiyegeranya ngo bareme opposition ifite imbaraga zo guhangana na FPR. Aha wanahashingira wumva icyo mpora nsubiramo ko politiki ya opposition izatangizwa n’abasore n’inkumi bazamutse (bashaje).

Ntihagire ubisimbukiraho ngo akeke ko mpamagarira abanyapolitiki bazamutse gukora politiki ndimburambaga nk’iya FPR. Oya rwose ntibikabe. Na FPR ntibyayihiriye, dore biyigejeje aharindimuka. Gusa FPR ni urugero rw’icyo bita gukora politiki, ufite icyerekezo, ufite umugambi. Icyo nshaka kwerekana ni uko kuba FPR yarabishoboye mu bibi, ari ikimenyetso cy’uko abantu banabishobora mu byiza. Gusa ntihagire uwibeshya ko bigerwaho mu munsi umwe. Na FPR byayitwaye hafi imyaka 30. Uwashaka kugira aho agera, niyicare yubake icyerekezo atarambirwa.

Umusozo: mwana wanjye uzabe ingenzi, uzase nanjye urenzeho unsumbe ndabigusabye.

Banyapolitiki murimo muzamuka, nimwe mbwira. Ndabandikiye kuko nemera ko ari mwe muzazahura politiki ya opposition murema inzira nshyashya. Ndabandikiye kuko ibihe byahindutse, bikaba bisaba imikorere mishya. Ndabandikiye kuko ababyeyi banyu cyangwa bakuru banyu hari henshi banyereye, hari byinshi bagonganiyemo imanga byateye ikaba yarababujije kwisuganya ngo politiki y’u Rwanda yubure umutwe. Ndabandikiye kuko mutari ibitangaza kubarusha. Gusa bashobora kubabera icyitegererezo. Aho batsitaye mwizibukire, aho banyereye musimbuke cyangwa mwambare “godiyo”, aho bakoze neza mukomerezeho. Nibataba ababyeyi gito cyangwa abakuru shyari, bazababwira nka Rugamba bati “mwana wanjye uzabe ingenzi, uzase nanjye urenzeho unsumbe, ndabigusabye”.Nyamara birakwiye gushishoza aho mukwiye gusa n’aho mukeneye kubarenga. Ngiyi intangiro ya politiki: kudategereza ibizaza, ahubwo tugaharanira kubihanga.

 

Edmond MUNYANGAJU

 

COUP D ETAT 1973. Abishyize hamwe nta kibananira 3 : Zitukwamo nkuru .

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kayibanda

Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda

Reka tubanze tuvuge ivanwa ku butegetsi, ifungwa, urubanza n’iyicwa rya Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda. Tuzakomeza dusuzuma niba Habyarimana yari afite impamvu zifadika zo guhirika ingoma ya Kayibanda. Hanyuma tuzakurikizaho ifungwa, imanza n’iyicwa ry’abandi.

Umubiligi witwa Baudouin Paternostre de la Mairieu yanditse igitabo cyiza cyane ku buzima bwa Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda. Mu gifaransa icyo gitabo cyitwa “Pour vous mes frères !” Vie de Grégoire Kayibanda, premier président du Rwanda”. Mu kinyarwanda ni ukuvuga ngo : “Ikigamijwe ni ineza yanyu, Bavandimwe !” Ubuzima bwa Grégoire Kayibanda, perezida wambere w’u Rwanda” (Ed. Pierre Téqui, Paris, 1994). Icyo gitabo ni cyiza cyane, ariko iyo uwacyanditse ageze ku rupfu rwa Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda, aratangira akaruma agahuha. Bigaragara ko hari ibintu adashaka kuvuga kandi asa n’ubizi. Nangwa na we ariko, ntacurikiranya amagambo ngo agoreke amateka nk’uko uwitwa Omer Marshall abikora mu gitabo cye cyitwa Pleure ô Rwanda bien-aimé,  Omer Marchal Éditeur, 1994, cyangwa Eugène Shimamungu mu gitabo cye  twavuze ubushize cyitwa Juvénal Habyarimana, l’homme assasiné le 6 avril 1994, Ed. Sources du Nil, Lille 2004.

Ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973 hari hateganijwe ku cyicaro cya buri perefegitura yo mu Rwanda inama y’ishyaka MDR Parmehutu (Congrès préfectoral). Ku murongo w’ibyigwa muri buri perefegitura, hari ugusuzuma icyateje imvururu zari zayogoje u Rwanda guhera mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare kw’uwo mwaka, no kureba niba itegeko nshinga ryaragombaga guhindurwa, perezida Grégoire Kayibanda akaba yakongera kwiyamamariza umwanya wo kuba umukuru w’igihugu, cyangwa niba ibyo byari byanzwe, hakemezwa ko perezida Grégoire Kayibanda acyuye igihe cye. Izi ngingo zombi zari ku muronko w’ibyigwa (hari n’izindi nyinshi) zishobora gutuma buri wese yumva impamvu kudeta yabaye ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973, ariko ibyo tuzabigarukaho tureba niba Habyalimana yari afite impamvu nyazo zo guhirika ingoma ya perezida Grégoire Kayibanda.

Mu ijoro ry’uwa 4 rishyira uwa 5 Nyakanga 1973, perezida Grégoire Kayibanda yari yicaye iwe i Kigali, arimo ategura disikuru yagombaga kuvuga bukeye mu nama (congrès) ya MDR Parmehutu i Gitarama. Ni bwo rero urugogwe rumugwiriye, kudeta irabaye, afashwe mpiri.  Umufasha we, Verediyana Mukagatare, yari ahari ibyo biba. Kayibanda yamusabye gusanga abana i Gitarama , aranga. Ati “Oya, ndakuguma iruhande kugirango menye iyo bakujyanye”. Nuko rero itsinda ry’abasirikari riyobowe na Léonidas Rusatira ribajyana bombi shishi itabona, amaguru adakora hasi, hamwe n’umwana wabo w’umuhererezi Sylvia wari ukiri uruhinja, kubafungisha ijisho mu kigo cya ISAR Rwerere, komine Cyeru mu cyahoze ari perefegitura ya Ruhengeri. Bahoraga bacunzwe n’abasirikari bagera kuri 15. Benshi muri bo bababaniraga neza, ariko hari n’abandi bubahukaga Kayibanda ndetse bakanamusagarira. Nyuma y’amezi 5 abana n’umugabo we muri ubwo buzima butoroshye, Verediyana yifuje gusanga abana i Gitarama. Yafashe urw’amaguru n’umwana mu mugongo, agenda ibilometero byinshi cyane. Le 22 Ukuboza 1973, nibwo ijipe ya gisilikari yamusanze kuri Base, iramujyana kugera mu rugo rwe i Kavumu (Nyamabuye-Gitarama).

Le 4 Gashyanyare 1974  urukiko rwa gisirikari rushinzwe kuburanisha perezida Grégoire Kayibanda na bagenzi be rwatangiye imirimo yarwo mu nyubakwa y’urukiko rwambere rw’iremezo mu Ruhengeri. Rwari ruyobowe na Majoro Bonaventure Ntibitura. Yari yungirijwe na Komanda Théoneste Lizinde. Joseph Kavaruganda wari usanzwe ari na “Procureur de la république” ni we wari uhagarariye icyo bita mu gifaransa “la partie civile”. Mu gushinja bamwe mu baregwa, yasyaga atanzitse. Gerefiye w’urukiko yari Déogratias Kayibanda wari usanzwe ari “substitut principal” wa “procureur de la république”. Umujyanama w’urwo rukiko yari Maître Nicodème Ruhashyankiko wigishaga amategeko (droit) muri kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda.  Abari bashinzwe guhata izo mfungwa ibibazo, bakazikorera amadosiye yashyikirizwaga ubucamanza ni abasirikari bakuru (officiers) : François Burasa ubu uba muri Norvège, Nyamwasa G. na Mutabazi D. Le 26 Kamena 1974, urwo rukiko rwakatiye perezida Grégoire Kayibanda na bagenzi be 7 igihano cy’urupfu. Urukiko rwahereyeko ruvanwaho rutararangira kuburanisha no gusomera abaregwaga bose. Naho inyubakwa izo manza zaberagamo yaje gukongorwa n’inkongi y’umuriro hasigaye igihe gito ngo Bwana Protais Zigiranyirazo, muramu wa perezida Habyarimana, akaba yari perefe wa Ruhengeri igihe cy’izo manza,  ave kuri uwo murimo. N’inyandiko zose zirebana n’izo manza zahiriyemo.

Ku wa 19 Nyakanga 1974 Grégoire Kayibanda yarakomorewe, igihano cye cy’urupfu kiba icyo gufungwa burundu, akomeza ubuzima bwe i Rwerere. Kuva ukwezi kwa Nyakanga 1974 kugeze hagati, Verediyana Mukagatare yatangiye kugaragaza intege ke cyane, ashegeshwe n’ibyamubayeho byose kuva le 5 Nyakanga 1973, ariko cyane cyane n’uko umugabo we yari amaze gukatirwa urwo gupfa. Le 11 Nzeri 1974 Grégoire yimuriwe iwe mu rugo kugirango amube hafi. Yaje kwitaba Imana le 13 Ukwakira 1974. Leta yategetse ko hatagira umuntu n’umwe umusabira misa, haba i Kabgayi, haba n’ahandi hantu aho ari ho hose mu Rwanda. Uwakongera uyu mubyeyi Verdiyana Mukagatare ku rutonde rw’abishwe n’abakoze kudeta yo ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973 mu Rwanda ntiyaba abeshye.

Nyuma y’urupfu rw’umugore we, imibereho ya Grégoire Kayibanda yarushijeho kuba inzira y’umusaraba. Inzu ye yari ifite isuku, bitewe ahanini n’ubwitange bwa nyirabukwe wari ugeze mu zabukuru, akita no ku mirima no ku rutoke rw’umukwe we. Hari n’umusaza wateguraga ibiribwa, akabizana mu rugo hamwe n’inkwi zo kubiteka. Abaturanyi bazaga guhinga imirima ye, bakanamuganirizaho gato. Le 6 Ukwakira 1976 abo bantu bose babujijwe kuzongera kuhakandagiza ikirenge, ahubwo Grégoire Kayibanda ahatwa ibibazo bamubaza ibyo yaganiraga n’abo bantu n’ibyo babaga baje gukora.

Le 27 Ugushyingo 1976 yasuwe ku buryo butunguranye na Komanda Elie Sagatwa, muramu wa perezida Habyarimana, akaba n’umunyamabanga we wihariye kandi uhoraho (secrétaire particulier et permanent). Baganiriye nk’isaha yose. Le 2 Ukuboza 1976 nyuma ya saa sita, Sagatwa yongeye kumusura, ndetse amujyana kuramutsa se na nyina. Uwo mugoroba Kayibanda yamaranye n’ababyeyi be iminota 20 gusa. Le 14 Ukuboza 1976 isaa tatu n’igice za mu gitondo (09h00), Grégoire Kayibanda yatangiye gutaka avuga ko ababara ahagana ku mutima. Umuganga uvuye ku bitaro by’i Kabgayi yamugezeho saa moya za niumugoroba (19h00). Yasubiriwe nijoro, le 15 Ukuboza 1976  aba avuyemo umwuka.

Yishwe n’iki mu by’ukuri ?

Nyakubahwa perezida Grégoire Kayibanda yahotowe na Komanda Elie Sagatwa, ariko ubwo nawe yari afite uwamutumye cyangwa abamutumye. Jean Shyirambere Barahinyura yabyanditse mu w’1988 muri cya gitabo cye twavugaga ubushize. Nyuma ariko umwe mu babigazeho n’undi umwe mu bafashije Sagatwa gukora iryo shyano begereye umushakashatsi Mwalimu Bonaventure Mureme Kubwimana, babimubwira neza. Mu by’ukuri, igihe cyose Sagatwa yajyaga gusura Grégoire Kayibanda, yabaga agiye gusuzuma uko intege ze zikomeza kugenda ziba nke, ku buryo abishatse yamuniga batabanje kugugurana.

Ubuhamya bwa Liyetona Mutabaruka uko bwanditswe na Bonaventure Mureme K.

Liyetona Mutabaruka uvuka i Byumba yari umusirikari mukuru wo mu itsinda (promotion) rya 10 ry’abanyeshuri bo mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikari i Kigali. Mu w’1975 yategekaga ikigo cya gisilikali cya Gitarama. Ni we rero wari ushinzwe kurinda imfungwa idasanzwe : perezida Grégoire Kayibanda. Umunsi umwe, Komanda Elie Sagatwa yaje kumusura, amusaba kwica uwo “mugororwa”. Mutabaruka yagize ubwoba, asaba ko bamuha igihe cyo kubitekerezaho. Yagiye kugisha inama Bwana Fulgence Seminega nawe wavukaga i Byumba, icyo gihe akaba yarategekaga urukiko rw’ikirenga. Seminega yumvise neza igihirahiro uwo musirikari arimo, aramubwira ati : “Genda ubwire Sagatwa aguhe inyandiko irimo iryo tegeko ko ugomba kwica Kayibanda”. Sagatwa agarutse, Mutabaruka yamusabye iyo nyandiko. Sagatwa yaramubwiye ati : “nsubiye i Kigali, nzagaruka nyikuzaniye”. Ntiyigeze agaruka, ahubwo Mutabaruka nawe yimuriwe i Kigali, asimburwa i Gitarama na liyetona Papias Kanyandekwe. Nyuma yaho gato, inkuru iba kimomo ngo Grégoire Kayibanda yitabye Imana. Kuva icyo gihe, izamurwa rya Mutabaruka mu mapeta ryaragoranye cyane. Yaradindizwaga, abari kumwe nawe bakamusiga, abari inyumaye bakamucaho.

Ubuhamya bwa Kaporali Giti uko bwanditswe na Bonaventure Mureme K.

“Giti” ni umukaporali nawe uvuka i Byumba wanze ko amazina nyakuri atangazwa, nuko rero Mwalimu Bonaventure amuhimba irya “Giti”. Giti yabaga mu kigo cya gisilikali cya Gitarama. Yari mu itsinda rishinzwe kurinda inzu ya Kayibanda le 15 Ukuboza 1976, umunsi Sagatwa aza akamuniga, hanyuma Giti n’abari kumwe nawe bakamuhorahoza bamunyukanyuka, bamuvuna imbavu. N’ikimenyimenyi, bafunzwe bya nyirarureshwa, nyuma baza gufungurwa bidatinze, ndetse buri wese ahabwa umushahara we w’imyaka 2, hanyuma birukanwa mu gisirikari, buri wese acirwa muri komini ye kavukire. Giti yaje kuba umuzamu ahantu umuzungu w’umubiligi yubakaga amazu muri komini avukamo. Iby’uko yagize uruhare mu kwica Grégoire Kayibanda yarabivugaga kugirango bimuvemo kugirango yumve nawe yagira amahoro mu mutimanama we.

Ishyingurwa rya nyakubahwa perezida Grégoire Kayibanda

Nyakubahwa perezida Grégoire Kayibanda yashyinguwe le 15 Ukuboza 1976 isaa cyenda n’igice iwe mu rugo iruhande rw’aho umufasha we yari yarashyinguwe . Yashyinguwe na Musenyeri André Perraudin, akikijwe na Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami, Musenyeri Jean Baptiste Gahamanyi, Musenyeri Phocas Nikwigize, Musenyeri Joseph Sibomana na padiri Massion. Mu bana 8 hari  6 ,  hari kandi abantu benshi bo mu muryango we n’abaturanyi, hakaba kandi Komanda Elie Sagatwa na Liyetona Papias Kanyandekwe n’abasirikari bagera kuri 20 bo mu kigo cya gisirikari cya Gitarama. Intego ya Kayibanda, ari nayo yanditse ku mva mu rulimi rw’ikilatini yari : “Libertatem filorum Dei”. Mu gifaransa bivuga ngo : “Liberté des enfants de Dieu”. Mu kinyarwanda ni “Ukwishyira ukizana kw’abana b’Imana”.

Ikindi gitabo ubishoboye yasoma kugirango acengere kurushaho ibi turiho tuganira muri iyi minsi ni icya Eugène Ndahayo, mwene Claver Ndahayo nawe wahitanywe n’ubu bwicanyi. Icyo gitabo cyitwa Rwanda – Le dessous des cartes, Ed. L’Harmattan, Paris, 2001. Nk’uko twabivuze dutangira, ubutaha tuzarebera hamwe niba Habyarimana yari afite impamvu zifatika zo guhirika ingoma ya Kayibanda, twibaze kandi icyatumye yicanwa n’abafasha be benshi cyane.

 

BIRACYAZA …

Musemakweli Jean de Dieu

 

Twizihize isabukuru y’Ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda twiyemeza gusezerera GIHAKE nshya y’Agatsiko ka Paul Kagame

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450px-Flag_Rwanda_1962_svg

“Bavandimwe b’uru Rwanda rwacu twese nimuhaguruke, turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuli, mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane”.

Imyaka 52 irashize u Rwanda rubaye igihugu cyigenga. Burya koko ngo ibijya gushya birabanza bigashyuha. Ab’Impirimbanyi cyane muri rubanda babanje guhangara  ingoma ya Cyami yari ishingiye ku mavuko no kuri gihake, bashirwa bayihangamuye taliki ya 28 Mutarama 1961, i Gitarama. Nyuma yaho gato Rubanda ntiyazuyaje, yerekanye ko yifitemo icyifuzo n’ubushobozi bwo kwitegekera igihugu mu murongo ubereye inyungu za benshi ubwo yacaga impaka bidasubirwaho mu matora yiswe Kamarampaka, taliki ya 25 Nzeri 1961, ayo matora adafifise akaba yari ahagarariwe na LONI!  Ishyaka PARMEHUTU ryatsinze ayo matora rifatanyije n’abo barebaga mu cyerekezo kimwe bazanye impinduka itazibagirana, kuva icyo gihe hatangazwa ko Gatwa, Gahutu, Gatutsi bareshya imbere y’amategeko, ko nta mwenegihugu wavukiye gutegeka, ngo undi avukire kumubera umugaragu. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho ku buryo bwuzuye, ubutegetsi bw’umuzungu bwagombaga guhabwa iherezo mu Rwanda. Uwo munsi w’akataraboneka niwo nyine twizihiza uyu munsi.

 

Hari taliki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962 rero, ubwo ibendera ry’u Rwanda rwigenga ryazamurwaga, iry’Ububiligi rikamanurwa bidasubirwaho, naho Kalinga n’izayo zose ikagirwa umuziro mu Rwatubyaye. Uwo munsi haririmbwe indirimbo nshya twiteguye kongera kuririmba ku manywa y’ihangu, ubwo Revolisiyo idasesa amaraso turiho dutegura izaba imaze gushyira mu mwanya waryo Ibendera rya Ntare School n’indirimbo bijyana, ya yindi Abanyarwanda twese dukomeje guhatirwa kuririmba ariko mu by’ukuri tutazi neza  iyo yaturutse n’impamvu zayo. Reka tujye twibaza kandi twisubize: ko umunsi w’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda wabaye umwe rukumbi, ni ukuvuga taliki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, ibyabaye uwo munsi tukaba tubizi n’ibirango byahawe Repubulika y’u Rwanda rwigenga tukaba tutabiyobewe, kuki Paul Kagame na FPR ye bashishikajwe no gukomeza kudutobera amateka ?

1. Byagenze bite uwo munsi?

Imihango y’umunsi w’ubwigenge le 01/07/1962 i Kigali yabimburiwe n’igitambo cya Misa yabereye muri kiliziya y’Umuryango Mutagatifu (Sainte Famille). Misa yashojwe n’indirimbo yo gushimira Imana yitwa mu kilatini “Te Deum”.

Hakurikiyeho ibirori byabereye ku rubuga rwitiriwe Repubulika (Place de la République). Aho rero ku rubuga rwa repubulika hari hubatswe ikiraramizi (igisharagati, tribune) cya kijyambere, perezida wa Repubulika Nyakubahwa Geregori Kayibanda yicayemo, akikijwe n’abafasha be ba hafi n’abashyitsi b’imena bari baturutse hirya no hino ku isi.

Ijuru ryari rikeye cyane. Habanje akarasisi (défilé) k’ingabo z’igihugu, hanyuma i saa yine zuzuye (10h00), haba umuhango nyamukuru wo kuzamura IBENDERA rya Repubulika  y’Urwanda ari nako iry’Ububiligi ryamanurwaga, haririmbwa kandi indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu ariyo “Rwanda rwacu, Rwanda gihugu cyambyaye”.

Ibyishimo byari byuzuye imitima, bamwe mu bantu bakuru ntibashoboye kwifata. Bararize bibuka ibibi bari barakorewe n’ingoma ya gihake, cyami na gikolonize byari bigendeye rimwe nk’ifuni iheze. Abakiri bato bari bizihiwe, abana babishoboye bari buriye mu biti kugirango bashobore kureba neza ibirori no kubona abategetsi bashya b’Urwanda n’abashyitsi b’imena bari aho. Hakurikiyeho ijambo rya Nyiricyubahiro perezida wa Repubulika, Bwana Geregori Kayibanda.

Ibirori byarakomeje, birangiye habaho akanya ko kwakira abashyitsi. Igitekerezo cyari mu mitwe no mu mitima ya bose ni ikivi gikomeye Abanyarwanda bari batangiye cyo guteza igihugu cyabo imbere mu ngeri zose.

2.Ubutumwa bukomeye bw’uwo munsi bwahitishijwe mu ndirimbo yubahiriza igihugu yaririmbwe taliki ya 01 Nyakanga 1962

Twibuke ko indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu cy’u Rwanda yahimbwe na Bwana Michel Habarurema wayoboraga korali Abanyuramatwi. Ubutumwa bwayo bukomeye bugaragarira ahanini mu mpakanizi yayo ( interuro zigaruka muri nuri gitero) no mu magambo yose ayigize ariyo aya akurikira:

1.Rwanda rwacu, Rwanda gihugu cyambyaye,

Ndakuratana ishyaka n’ubutwali.

Iyo nibutse ibigwi wagize kugeza ubu,

nshimira Abarwanashyaka bazanye Repubulika idahinyuka.

Bavandimwe b’uru Rwanda rwacu twese, nimuhaguruke,

Turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuli,

mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane.

2. Impundu nizivuge mu Rwanda hose,

Repubulika yakuye ubuhake,

Ubukolonize bwagiye nk’ifuni iheze.

Shinga umuzi Demokarasi

Waduhaye kwitorera abategetsi.

Banyarwanda: abakuru,

Namwe abato mwizihiye u Rwanda

Turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuli,

Mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane.

3.Bavukarwanda mwese muvuze impundu,

Demokarasi yarwo iraganje.

Twayiharaniye rwose twese uko tungana.

Gatutsi, Gatwa na gahutu

Namwe banyarwanda bandi mwabyiyemeje,

Indepandansi twatsindiye

Twese hamwe tuyishyigikire,

Turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuli,

Mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane.

4. Nimuze dusingize Ibendera ryacu.

Arakabaho na Prezida wacu.

Barakabaho abaturage b’iki Gihugu.

Intego yacu Banyarwanda

Twishyime kandi twizane mu Rwanda rwacu.

Twese hamwe, twunge ubumwe

Nta mususu dutere imbere ko,

Turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuli,

Mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane.

 

Umwanzuro

Mu gihe duhimbaza umunsi ngarukamwaka w’Ubwingenge bw’U Rwanda ku nshuro ya 52 , abenegihugu benshi bari mu kababaro gakomeye baterwa n’uko igihugu cyacu kiri mu icuraburindi rikomeye cyaroshywemo na Paul Kagame n’Ishyaka rye ryitwa FPR Inkotanyi. Koko rero ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwa Paul Kagame n’Agatsiko ke ntibuhwema gusiribanga ibyiza byose rubanda yari itegereje kuri Republika ishingiye ku mahame ya demokarasi. Paul kagame n’Agatsiko ke bagaruye GIHAKE nshya ishingiye ku iterabwoba rya gisilikari,irondakoko, ikinyoma n’ukwikubira ibyiza byose by’igihugu hagamijwe kongera guhindura Abenegihugu ABAGEREERWA n’INKOMAMASHYI ku buryo burushije ubukana ibyariho ku ngoma ya cyami na gikolonize.

Mu gihe duhimbaza isabukuru y’ukwishyira ukizana kwa buri mu nyarwanda, Perezida Paul Kagame we ahugiye mu manyanga yo guhindura Itegekonshinga ryo mu 2003 nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, cyane cyane mu ngingo yaryo y’101 igena ku buryo budasubirwaho ko Umukuru w’igihugu atemerewe kurenza Manda ebyiri “Nta na rimwe umuntu yemererwa gutorerwa manda zirenze ebyiri ku mwanya wa Perezida wa Repubulika”.

Guhindura Itegekonshinga kugira gusa ngo Paul Kagame yongere yibe ubutegetsi, ntabwo biri mu nyungu z’u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda ahubwo ni uburyo bwo gushaka guhembera umwiryane no gushoza indi ntambara isesa amaraso mu bana b’u Rwanda. Niba Kagame akomeje gahunda ye mbisha yo guhindura Itagekonshinga agamije kongera kwitoresha ku kingufu, azaba ateye intambwe ya nyuma igomba kwereka rubanda ko Inkotanyi zashubije Abanyarwanda mu buja, mu mikorere n’imigenzereze by’ingoma ya cyami na gihake, bigaragazwa no kutwambura uburengazira ku butaka , ku mitungo bwite y’abaturage. Ubuja bugaragarira na none mu gufungira igice kimwe cy’abenegihugu urubuga rwa politiki no kutwambura uburenganzira shingiro bwo kwitorera abategetsi twibonamo. Imbere y’agasuzuguro nk’ako, icyo dukwiye gukora ni iki, nka rubanda ? Nta kindi kitari icyo iyi ndirimbo ubahiriza igihugu itubwira: “Bavandimwe b’uru Rwanda rwacu twese, nimuhaguruke”, turubumbatire, hato ejo rutongera kuduhombokeraho twituramiye.

Si ubwa mbere dutsinda ingoma ya cyami!Iyi GIHAKE ya Paul Kagame nayo mubyiyemeje twayitumura nk’uko Abarwanashyaka b’ikubitiro ari nabo bakurambere bacu basezereye ingoma ya Kigeli wa V Ndahindurwa, ikagenda nk’ifuni iheze.

 

Nifurije Abanyarwanda bose umunsi mwiza w’ubwigenge,

nkanabibutsa ariko iri jambo ritoroshye : “Ubwigenge buraharanirwa”

 

“Bavandimwe b’uru Rwanda rwacu twese, nimuhaguruke , turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuli, mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane”.

 

Padiri Thomas Nahimana

Umukandida w’ Ishema Party

Mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu yo mu 2017.

”Short of inter-Rwandan dialogue, 20 years on after the genocide, Rwanda remains not only “an appeased expansionist bloody dictatorship”, but also “a powder keg, a time-ticking bomb waiting to explode”!

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By Antoine Roger Lokongo

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Carla Del Ponte and Paul Kagame were increasingly at loggerheads.

Del Ponte, a former Chief Prosecutor of two United Nations international criminal law tribunals: the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) fell out with Kagame after she insisted that crimes committed by the Tutsi during the genocide should also be investigated.

Cameroon investigative journalist Charles Onana has published many books about the real culprits of the assassination of President Juvenal Habyarimana who are still being shielded from accountability and they are not those who have been “officially accused” as perpetrators so far, according to him.

Pierre Péan, a renowned French investigative journalist and Keith Harmon Snow, an American Investigative journalist, all have factually point out that the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) and Paul Kagame were responsible for the assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana, and therefore of having sparked the inter-ethnic killings in 1994! The list is long!

In this special call for articles by Pambazuka about “Rwanda – 20 years on after the genocide”, I would like to take this opportunity to highlight, provide and share with Pambazuka readers the new facts about Rwanda and the Kagame regime that have emerged recently and which prove that the last 20 years have been years of wasted efforts by the Kagame and the Museveni regimes to try to cover up the truth, but in vain, about what happened in Rwanda in 1994!
They are helped in this endeavour by powerful friends in high places in the West, including, former US President Bill Clinton, Susan Rice, former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, Bono, Howard Buffett, Evangelical Pastor Rick Warren, Rabbi Shmuley Boteach, Bill Gates, and so on (see, Judi Rever, “Paul Kagame’s trips to the West not worth the headache,” Digital Journal, Oct 17, 2013).
 
First of all, from a Congolese perspective, new facts have merged that in April 1994, immediately after the RPF came to power in Kigali, the DRC’s main opposition leader Etienne Tshisekedi sent a telegram to Paul Kagane then Vice-President, congratulating him for “having overthrown Juvenal Habyarimana out of power” (See, “Lettre ouverte” envoyée par 13 Intellectuels du Grand Kasaï (R.D.Congo) à M. Etienne TSHISEKEDI wa MULUMBA, Président National de l’UDPS en prévision de l’échéance du 30 juin 2006).
For us Congolese, Etienne Tshisekedi, a popular Congolese politician who has visited Kigali many times at the invitation of President Kagame and who came second in the 2011 presidential elections, must have known what he was saying. He is not just a man of the street. He uncovered the truth, according to which, what happened in Rwanda was a civil war: a Tutsi rebel movement backed by Uganda and Anglo-Saxon powers overthrew a Hutu dominated regime, notwithstanding the waves of inter-ethnic killings that ensued, and which that overthrow unleashed!
 
Secondly, Kagame is now put under pressure by his Western powerful backers who have finally realized that when Kagame boasted in an interview granted to the Financial Times of London on 19 August 2010 that “Rwanda’s democracy is still the model for Africa”, that “model” does not square with human rights let alone with democracy itself!
They are now urging him to stop harassing, jailing and assassinating Rwandan opposition leaders, including Opposition leader Victoire Ingabire who was sentenced to 8 years in prison on 30 October 2012 for saying that “Hutu too were killed during the genocide”, but then her sentence was increased to 15 years in prison on 1 December 2013. Former Rwandan Intelligence chief Patrick Karegeya turned opposition figure was found dead in a South African hotel room, having been hanged or strangled by killers sent from Rwanda, four of whom were arrested in neighbouring Mozambique (see, Chimp Investigations Team, “Karegeya Murder Suspects ‘Arrested’ In  Mozambique,”  Chimpreports.com, 7 January 2014); as well as former Rwandan army chief Kayumba Nyamwasa, turned opposition figure who was shot by a lone gunman in South Africa; Kagame’s Western backers are also privately advising him to hold political dialogue with the FDLR, Hutu fighters roaming the hills of eastern Congo and who announced recently that they have laid down their arms and are ready to return to Rwanda provided the regime was open to political dialogue.
In fact, the British who back Kagame held peace talks with the IRA in Northern Ireland, the Afghan regime which is backed by the United States is encouraged to hold talks with the terrorist Talibans, Nelson Mandela held talks with White apartheid leaders, the Congolese government held talks with “Tutsi Congolese rebels” most of whom are Rwandans and Ugandans sent to the DRC to kill, rape and loot and Kinshasa will go so far as integrating them into the Congolese army (…). So why should the Kagame regime be an exception? Inter-Uganda dialogue including with the LRA, inter-Rwandan dialogue, including with the FDLR is the way forward for lasting peace in the region.
But Kagame does not want to hear that! So, the so-called “stability in Rwanda” has been achieved at the expense of Congo where Kagame continues and to stock the fire and “mucking” the Congo, as Tony Blair put it in a “supporting Kagame” article he co-authored with American billionaire Howard G. Buffett (Foreign Policy, 21 February 2013).
Recently Kagame threw a tantrum at his erstwhile Western backers, calling them “former colonial masters who do not stop lecturing Africans”. But recently Kagame was caught in his own trap when he boycotted the “Summit on Peace and Security in the African Continent” convened by the French President François Hollande in Paris on 6 December 2013. For Rwanda, it was no question of attending the summit.
“Those who feel they still need the protection of the former colonial master will go to this meeting. This is not our case,” a close associate of Paul Kagame told Jeune Afrique (see, Jean Mitari, “Sommet sur la paix et la sécurité à Paris : le Rwanda décline l’invitation, ” Jambonews.net, 19 juin 2013).
At the same time, Kigali favorably welcomed the invitation of U.S. President Barack Obama to attend a historic summit of leaders from across sub-Saharan Africa – the first of its kind – to be held in Washington in August 2014. The White House announced the invitation on 30 June 2013 (Stephen Collinson, “Obama to host summit of African leaders next year,” AFP, 30 June 2013).
Kagame was indeed caught in his own trap! Rwanda declined the invitation of the former French colonial master, but accepted that of Obama to all African Heads of State!
For Kagame, it is worth taking the orders coming from the White House than those coming from the Champs-Elysées! So what is the difference when you decline the invitation of one Western master and then you accept that of the other? That is because it is from the United States that Kagame is shielded from accountability after perpetrating genocide in Congo! After all, he is only playing the role of “an Anglo-American proxy” in Congo. That is the role he has played “so well” in the last 20 years!
Thirdly, in the last 20 years, Kagame and Museveni as well as their cronies and their foreign masters who arms them, have enriched themselves out of predatory wars for natural and mineral resources in Congo. The so-called “post-genocide economic progress in Rwanda” is based on such predatory wars!
But at the same time, Museveni and Kagame have enjoyed impunity, getting away with heinous crimes of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity both in Rwanda and in Congo, basically, trampling on international law or bending it in their favour when it suits their interests at home and abroad. When it comes to  extraditing  “Congolese Tutsi rebels”, including Laurent Nkunda, Mutebusi, Runiga and others who have found refuge in Rwanda to the DRC “their country of origin”, Paul Kagame evokes the Geneva Convention, allows himself to lecture the DRC, “which has not yet abolished the death penalty”, therefore he cannot extradite “Congolese Tutsi rebels” to “their country of origin only to be executed! If they are Congolese and Congo is their country of origin, why must they not be extradited there to face justice in their own country?
After the murder of Karegeya, President Kagame warned Rwandans who find themselves in the opposition camp that “There are consequences for betraying your country”. Why should there be no consequences for the “Tutsi Congolese rebels” who had betrayed their country then?
There is a saying which goes like this: Lie, lie, there will always be something left to lie about: the truth!
Recently, Joel Mutabazi, a former Rwandan officer (a former bodyguard of Kagame) accused of terrorism, formation of an armed group, murder and illegal possession of firearms, etc., and who sought political asylum in Uganda was unlawfully – that is to say, very much against the Geneva Convention – transferred to Rwanda from Uganda to face justice in his country! Among the other accused are several members of the opposition Rwandan National Congress (RNC) and eight students (see, “Paul Kagame ex-guard Joel Mutabazi rejects Rwanda trial,” BBC, 28 January 2014).
Mutabazi pleaded not guilty at his trial but he faces a death sentence as Patrick Karegeya did! Although the UN refugee agency (UNHCR) has condemned Kampala’s decision to extradite him as a “clear violation of the asylum principle”, nevertheless, the United States and Britain remained silent in the face of such a flagrant violation of international law! Is Tony Blair, Kagame’s “special adviser” not a British lawyer who should defend international law in this case?
However, this makes the “cause” the Tutsi say they are fighting for, that is inclusion, in the Great Lakes Region of Africa unjust, unfair to other people in the region and a lost one because the Tutsi are the ones who are now “mucking” other people in the region, to quote Tony Blair again. One day, Museveni and Kagame will have to answer for all these crimes!
Short of inter-Rwandan dialogue, 20 years on after the genocide, Rwanda remains not only “an appeased expansionist bloody dictatorship”, but also “a powder keg, a time-ticking bomb waiting to explode”!
Copyright Antoine Roger Lokongo 2014
Source: http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-rwanda-genocide-coverup-twenty-years-of-lies-and-fabrications-the-anglo-saxon-powers-vs-france/5378854

Kagame didn’t end it, he started it.

1 Reply

kagame290511

Kagame did not attack Rwanda to stop genocide but to cause it, which he successifully achieved.

Please stop saying “Paul Kagame ended a genocide in which mostly Tutsis (and a few moderate Hutus) were killed”!

• He did not come riding in to stop killing in 1994; he was already in Kigali since November 93 with his 600 men battalion and between 3000 to 6000 infiltrated agents across the country.

• His gang invaded Rwanda in 1990 (yes, 1990, 4 years before) to begin the genocide. They started referring to the genocide of Tutsi in 1992 with the help of international NGOs. The deceased Alice Des Forces was part of the team.

• He orchestrated and accomplished much of the killing (including killing of Tutsis by Hutus and by his own men).

• The [overwhelming] evidence suggests more Hutus than Tutsis were killed.

• And that was from 1990 until the end of 1994.

• He continued beyond this, in Rwanda and in Congo where more than 6 million lives have been decimated.

Did the UN and others “fail” to act? This is another question that people should phrase differently, because not intervening was US, UK and other profiteers’ best strategy to achieve what they did today: getting Congolese minerals at the cheap.

Kagame threatened to kill UN officials or others who stood in his way to the conquest of Kigali, his long-planned base for stealing Congo’s resources.

Google “Ann Garrison” or “Taylor report”, Robin Philpot or “Gersony report” or Davenport and Stam or “Mapping exercise”, UN or “Peter Erlinder” or “Keith Harmon Snow,” etc.

Some direct link:

http://kroc.nd.edu/newsevents/events/2010/04/08/638

http://www.taylor-report.com/Rwanda_1994/index.php?id=ch1

http://www.rwandadocumentsproject.net/gsdl/cgi-bin/library

http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/intlrel/hfa72638.000/hfa72638_0f.htm

http://www.friendsofthecongo.org/united-nations-report.html

http://www.therwandan.com/blog/remarks-by-dr-theogene-rudasingwa-the-colloque-au-palais-du-luxemburg-paris-france-april-1st-2014/

Source: http://therisingcontinent.wordpress.com/2014/04/04/