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Elections are too important for Rwandan government to leave to the whims of voters – By Kris Berwouts

Kris Berwouts

With three quarters of the votes counted, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) is heading for an overwhelming victory in the legislative elections. The RPF has mobilised 76% of the voters, against 13 and 9.4 percent respectively for the Social Democratic Party and Liberal Party. These results deserve our respect and congratulations – perhaps not for their democratic quality, but for the event itself – impressive and perfectly directed as a mass scene in a better-than-average bible movie.

Virtually a single-party state …

The Rwandan Patriotic Front that has ruled the country since the end of the civil war and genocide in July 1994. It dominates the political landscape to the extent that the country almost functions as a single-party state. Over the years, the RPF has built up its control over most aspects of public life, including the legislative, executive and judicial institutions. The independent press ceased to exist many years ago, the RPF defines what is politically admissible and public opinion is managed by an effective mixture of repression, social pressure and self-censorship.

The country is unaccustomed to open political debate. The party’s grip on society is so firm that elections have become an almost meaningless event and are so predictable that they thrill absolutely nobody. But they are important for the regime. Elections are far too important for the Rwandan government to leave them to the whims of voters.

…with some other parties

Since the end of the genocide, the RPF has maintained relationships with a number of parties that are part of the political scene, but have little ambition to break the RPF’s hegemony or initiate a controversial public debate. They use the limited political space allowed by the regime and are considered by Rwandan and international observers as satellite parties whose main reason for existence is to create the illusion that Rwanda has a political system of active multiparty competition. In return, they ephemerally participate in managing the country, with some MPs and ministers.

Rwanda does have a number of genuine opposition parties who do not believe that the RPF represents all Rwandans and want to question the current regime’s policies and to build up a counter-power through conventional political means. These parties face several difficulties when trying to deploy normal political activities. Firstly, they have trouble getting registered as parties and, once they are, they frequently don’t get authorization for their meetings. Their leaders and supporters are physically and verbally harassed, and their candidates prosecuted.

Another strategy for neutralizing a political party which tries to challenge the regime is to divide it. This recently happened with Bernard Ntaganda’s Parti Social – Imberakuri (PS-I) . Ntaganda was arrested and condemned, and the authorities organized a dissident group within his party and recognized the wing that decided to oppose Ntaganda and stay loyal to the regime. They participated in this week’s elections under the original name of the party – PS-I.

Irrelevant ?

These elections had very little to do with democratic political competition. People couldn’t even elect individual candidates. They voted for parties who will appoint the MPs representing the people. Most critics of the current Rwandan regime consider the results of these elections as hardly relevant because they took place in an entirely controlled political environment.

I don’t agree with that. I think the results are relevant. Of course, the elections will not reveal anything about the power balance between political parties, visions or strategies. But they were not meant to do that. They might, however, tell us something about the power balance within the RPF. Kagame’s regime has, on several occasions, been under heavy fire in recent years and this has caused a lot of internal tensions.

Partly because of these tensions, a process of generational chnage is taking place around Kagame. Younger men and women with a different profile have got high-profile functions and responsibilities: born in the late seventies or early eighties, ambitious, well-trained technocrats rather than military, polyglot intellectuals with a Singapore-shaped vision rather than the leaders who grew up in the refugee camps, fought the war against Obote and Habyarimana, eventually getting rich through the plundering of Congo. In short, the people who shaped Kagame’s Brave New World were replaced by the people who grew up in it.

This process has created many conflicting interests. If the power of Kagame in Rwanda today is threatened, then it is not by the political opposition and even less by the armed combatants of the FDLR. It is threatened by its own lack of coherence and the discontent in its inner circle.

That is why I am looking forward to the results of the elections. Not to see the scores that the individual parties achieve, but to view the names and profiles of the new MPs. I will try to analyse them against the backdrop of generational change and the divisions within the RPF. If these elections tell us anything at all, they might give us some indication of where this regime is going to and how it is trying to reposition itself.

Kris Berwouts has, over the last 25 years, worked for a number of different Belgian and international NGOs focused on building peace, reconciliation, security and democratic processes. Until recently, he was the Director of EurAc, the network of European NGOs working for advocacy on Central Africa. He now works as an independent expert on Central Africa.

Aho gahunda yo guhatira Abahutu bose gusaba imbambazi si intambwe ya mbere y’umushinga wo kubarimbura ?

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Nk’uko byatangijwe n’umukuru w’igihugu Paul Kagame afatanije n’umufasha we kuwa 30/06/2013 mu ihuriro ry’urubyiruko ryiswe Youth connekt, basanze inzira nziza ari uguhatira umuntu wese wo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu gusaba imbabazi ku byaha byakorewe abavandimwe babo b’Abatutsi. Handitswe byinshi mu gihe iri jambo ryiswe “ijambo rutwitsi” ryari rimaze kuvugwa. Cyakora, nunvaga ibyavuzwe n’ibyanditswe bihagije, cyane cyane ko nibwiraga ko ari ijambo ryamucitse (Perezida), nuko aribeshya kandi nta muntu bitabaho. Iyo biba ibyo, ntacyo byari kuba bitwaye cyane. Nyamara, siko biri ahubwo gahunda yo kugereka “Genocide” ku bahutu bose bigahamywa no kuzasaba imbazi kwabo ngo ni umushinga wizwe neza n’Abambari b’Agatsiko. Iki gikorwa kikaba kigomba gukurikizwa vuba na bwangu guhera mu tugali, imirenge, uturere n’intara zose z’igihugu.

None se kuki Leta y’Agatsiko ihisemo ko umuhutu wese asaba imbabazi ku cyaha cya Genocide?

Impamvu ni nyinshi ariko reka turebe zimwe murizo cyane cyane izishamikiye ku mahame n’amategeko bigenga icyaha cya ‘Genocide’:

Impamvu ya 1:

Ubusanzwe, icyaha cya «Genocide» ni icyaha gikorwa na Leta. Ibi ntibivuga gusa ko Leta iriho igomba kuba ibyemera kandi ibizi neza. Oya! Birashoboka ko byategurwa n’igice kimwe cy’abenegihugu kikiyemeza kurimbura ikindi gice cy’abenegihugu ariko Leta ntishobore gukumira uwo mugambi mubisha kubera impanvu zinyuranye. Imwe muri izo mpanvu ni uko Leta ishobora kuba iri mu bihe by’ amage n’imidugararo ku buryo ntacyo ishobora gukora ku kaga kose gashobora kugwirira abenegihugu. Aha Leta iba igaragara nk’aho itakiriho (Anarchism).

Ibi kandi nibyo byabaye mu Rwanda kuko Leta y’Agatsiko ntako itagize mugutekinika uko “Genocide yateguwe”: kubihamya Leta ya Habyarimana byarananiranye, kubigereka kuri Leta y’inzibacyuho nabyo byabaye nko gukama ikimasa. Ibi byose byararuhanyije kuko Leta ya FPR yigizaga nkana. Ukuri ni uko ubwicanyi bwo mu Rwanda bwabuze gikumirwa kuko FPR yari yarabuteguye neza, ibikora ibizi neza, yapanze ko nyuma y’urupfu rw’Umukuru w’igihugu Leta itazabasha kwisuganya mugukumira ibikorwa byose bizakurikiraho. FPR yari izi ko Abatutsi bazapfa ari benshi kubera ibihe by’imidugararo igihugu kizaba kirimo.

Ibi kandi nibyo abasirikare benshi ba FPR bahamya. Nyakwigendera Lt Abdul Ruzibiza ati: «Kagame yiyita umucunguzi w’abatutsi kandi ariwe watumye kubarimbura bishoboka, ndetse akanatubuza kubatabara twari tubishoboye ». Abandi bati twibarije Nyakubahwa Paul Kagame kubw’igikorwa kigayitse yateguraga asubiza ko « nta batutsi bakiba mu Rwanda, bose babaye abahutu ». Abasangirangendo be kandi bemeza ko ngo yivugiye ko « nta warya umureti atamennye amagi ». Ikindi FPR yari izi kandi yateguye neza ni iki : n’ubwo Abatutsi bari gupfa ari benshi ariko n’urupfu rw’Abahutu batagira ingano rwagombaga gukomerezaho. Aha nta gihamya idasanzwe dukeneye kuko uko byagenze byabara umupfu!

Impamvu ya 2:

Icyaha cya Genocide ni icyaha kidasaza. Kwikoreza iki cyaha Abahutu bose rero ni imwe mu nzira zo kujijisha no guhunga ubutabera. Kagame azi neza ko iki cyaha hatabonetse abakemera mu buryo budasubirwaho cyazamugarukaho n’abambari be maze bakaryozwa ibyo bakoreye abanyarwanda byose. Nanone kandi azi ko ushyizweho icyaha cya « Genocide » kizamukurikira kuva mu bwana bwe kugeza ashaje. Azi kandi ko abahutu bose nibemera icyo cyaha, bizaba bimuhaye indi ntwaro azakomeza gukoresha igihe cyose ashatse kwikiza bamwe muri bo azaba ahararutswe cyangwa ashaka kugirira nabi mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose!

Impamvu ya 3:

Kwikoreza icyaha cya «Genocide» Abahutu bose ni imwe mu nzira zo kubatera ipfunwe no kubakumira (Marginalisation) mu gihugu cy’amavuko. Bityo umwana w’umuhutu narerwa apakirwamo ko afite icyaha cy’inkomoko, cyangwa akwiye kwikorera ibyaha byose by’Abahutu ntazigera agenda yemye (azahorana complexe d’infériorité) kandi ntazigera agira imbaraga zo kubaza impanvu uburenganzira bwe buri guhonyorwa n’abakaburengeye! Azunva buri gihe ko ibyo akorerwa ari impuhwe, nta burenganzira bimukwiye. Ushaka kubyumva neza azongera atege amatwi inkuru y’Umusore Bamporiki.

Impamvu ya 4:

Umugambi nk’uyu w’iteshagaciro ukorewe bamwe cyangwa bose mubagize ubwoko, ushobora kuganisha akenshi ku irimburwa ndakumirwa rishobora gukorerwa igice cyangwa bose mubagize ubwo bwoko. Ni ukuvuga ko kwigisha no kunvisha ko Abahutu bose ari ruvumwa, ibyihebe, bavukana icyaha cy’inkomoko, badakwiye kubaho muburenganzira busesuye nk’ubw’abandi beneguhugu; bishobora kubaviramo kurimburwa cyangwa kwicwamo benshi. Iri rimbura bwoko rero niryo abahanga bagenekereza bakita « Genocide » kuko riba ryizwe neza kandi rigashyigikirwa na Leta. Ibi kandi birunvikana kuko aho Agatsiko gahatira Abahutu gusaba imbabazi, kurundi ruhande kaba gatungira agatoki Abavandimwe babo b’Abatutsi ngo «dore ababarimburiye imiryango nta n’umwe uvuyemo». Ikizakurikira ibi mugitege amaso !

Impamvu ya 5:

Kugereka‘Genocide’ ku Bahutu bose ni igikorwa cy’iterabwoba. Iyi ni intwaro ikomeye Agatsiko gashaka gukoresha mugucekekesha Abahutu bose. Kagame yemeza ko n’uwakwanga icyo cyaha agashaka kubaza impamvu uburenganzira bwe buri guhonyorwa atazigera amenya ikimukubise. Birababaje!

Impamvu ya 6:

Iyi kandi n’intwaro ivuguruye mu gutoteza no guhindura ruvumwa umuhutu wese. Duhereye 1994, FPR yazanye gahunda yo gufunga umuhutu wese itarobanuye kandi ibikora ntabutabera igamije. Ihame ry’uko umuntu wese afatwa nk’umwere rihinduka ko umuhutu wese aba ari umu «Genocidaire». Ibyo byarangiye, Abahutu bose bategetswe gusaba imbabazi, utabikoze akazagwa muri gereza. Dore uko byagenze: abakoze ibyaha bararekuwe, abere baguma mu buroko ! Ndahamya ko n’uyu munsi hari abakiborera muri za gereza hirya no hino bazira ko banze kwemera icyaha cy’inkomoko! Ntibyarangiriye aho kuko hahise haduka indi ntwaro yaje ifite ubukana burenzeho abatekinisiye bise «Gacaca». Ubwo kandi nibwo icyaha kitabaho mu mateka n’amategeko cyadukaga: « Ingengabitekerezo ya Genocide ». Ibyo ntibyarangiriye aho, ahubwo TIG n’Urugerero rurageretse. Twizere ko « Saba imbabazi niwanga wicwe ! » ariryo turufu rya nyuma. Umunyarwanda we ati nyamara « wirukankana umugabo cyane iherezo ukamumara ubwoba ».

Impamvu ya 7:

Gutwerera iki cyaha Abahutu bose bakagisabira imbabazi ni uburyo bwo guhishira amateka. Amateka nyakuri y’u Rwanda ateye inkeke Agatsiko Sajya kubera ibyo kakoreye abanyarwanda. Kuvuga ukuri ntibabishobora n’ubwo byabavura! Kubeshya nibyo bashoboye. Ariko se kugeza ryari? Kugeza ubu ikinyoma cy’ Agatsiko cyemeza ko mu Rwanda habaye «Genocide yakorewe Abatutsi » hakajyaho akadomo. Ibyo kandi niko biri ariko hariho akitso, kuko “Genocide” yahekuye u Rwanda ntiyarimbuye Abatusti ngo isige Abahutu ndetse n’Abatwa. Aho rero niho ihurizo ribuza u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda kwibohora inzigo n’inzangano rizingiye. Ibi sinabitindaho kuko n’ubwo umuco w’ikinyoma wahawe intebe, kujijisha amahanga bikagirwa iturufu ry’ubutegetsi, ariko ngo «amaherezo y’inzira ni mu nzu».

Impamvu ya 8:

Izi ngirwa-mbabazi kandi ni ryaturufu ryataye agaciro mu ruzungu bita « Diviser pour régner ». Agatsiko karitegereje gasanga ubwo Abatutsi n’Abahutu bazaba bamenye neza ukuri kubyaye mu Rwanda bazarara bagakubise hasi. None dore bamwe baguye muri uwo mutego ngo aha Agatsiko ni abacunguzi ! Hari n’abandi bemeza ko ukuri bakavugishije ariko bazahakishwa; bene abo nibo baheze mugihirahiro aka ya mpyisi bahaye ibuye rishyushye igirango ni inyama, ikabura ubucira n’ubumira! Cyakora hariho abandi benshi cyane ubu bicecekeye kubera kwanga kurigiswa, dore ko byabaye umuco. Nyamara hari n’abandi biyemeje kujya ahagaragara bagaharanira ukuri kabone n’iyo byaba ngombwa ko bakuzira. Kuko ngo kuratinda ntiguhera. Ukuri ntikujya gupfukiranwa ! Guca muziko ntigushya ! Wica ukuvuga hakavuka babiri. Iherezo rero ukuri kuzaganza kandi Abanyarwanda bose bakugire intwaro irwanya ikinyoma Agatsiko kicaje ku ntebe. Umunsi ibyo byabaye kandi si kera, amagambo azaba ashize ivuga, Agatsiko bazagatsinsura kandi ntikazongera kuvugwa ukundi, uretse kuvumwa ubuziraherezo !

Impamvu 9:Guhunga imbabazi nyakuri.

Ntarujijo rurimo, iyi gahunda yo guhatira Abahutu bose gusaba imbabazi ntigamije imbabazi nyakuri. Iyo haza kuba hashyizwe imbere imbabazi nyakuri iyi gahunda ntiyari kugirwa gahunda y’ubwoko bumwe gusa ahubwo yari kuba gahunda y’Abanyarwanda bose. Umwana umwe yabwiye Kagame muri ririya huriro ko nawe agiye gusaba imbabazi Abahutu ariko igisubizo yahawe kirababaje. Ahari mwakongera mukiyunvira.( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pI2GhnIHbKs ). Gusaba imbabazi nyakuri rero ntawabirwanya, ariko bigakorwa n’uwakoze icyaha kandi akazisaba uwagikorewe.

Nyamara, twabonye ko “Genocide” ari icyaha cya Leta kandi tuzi ko Leta ikomeza igihe cyose (Principe de continuité de l’Etat). Umukuru w’igihugu rero ushaka kubaka no kunga abanyarwanda akwiye gufata iyambere agasaba imbabazi z’ibyaha ndenga kamere Leta iba yakoreye abenegihugu bose. Ikindi mu muco w’Abanyarwanda bemeza ko umwera uturutse i Bukuru bucya wakwiriye hose. Umukuru wigihugu afashe iyambere agasaba imbabazi abanyarwanda bose mw’izina rya Leta, yaba atanze urugero rwiza kubanyarwanda bose. Ibisigaye byakwikora. Ibi Umukuru w’igihugu yakwiye kubikora atitaye ko ibyaha asabira imbabazi yaba yarabigizemo uruhare , ahubwo akabikora kuko ariwe uhagarariye Leta nyuma y’amarorerwa yahekuye Abanyarwanda twese.

Umwanzuro

Izi mbabazi rero, Agatsiko kibutse guhatira Abahutu gusaba Abatutsi nyuma y’imyaka 20 bakorewe Genocide, si impuhwe keretse niba ari zimwe za Bihehe. Agatsiko kagamije kurangaza Abanyarwanda twese. Kagamije kwereka Abatutsi ko kabitayeho cyaneee, bityo ntihazagire ubaza uwakomye imbarutso ya Genocide yabahekuye. Agatsiko Kagamije kandi gutera ubwoba Abahutu bose ngo hatazagira ubaza aho imirambo y’abatikirijwe i Kibeho n’ahandi henshi iba ngo bayishyingure mucyubahiro gikwiye ikiremwamuntu. Agatsiko kagamije ko Ababyeyi batazigera bibaza icyo abana babo baziraga kandi bakomeje kuzira mu mashyamba ya Kongo. Ibi ariko ni ukwibeshya. Umuntu wese akwiye kwibaza impamvu y’iri terabwoba ridashira.

Mu Rwanda hari akarengane kandi kagomba guhagarikwa mu maguru mashya. Umuntu wese ufite gukunda u Rwanda (Patriotisme) akwiye kureba icyo yakora. Kuko nukomeza kurebera iherezo nawe akarengane kazakugeraho kandi ntuzabona n’uwo kubara inkuru. Abanyarwanda barananiwe, « Inzira y’ umusaraba » bashowemo ikwiye guhagarara hagatangira « inzira y’urumuri ». Igihe kirageze ngo Agatsiko kavugirizwe induru ! Indirimbo ibe « turambiwe ikinyoma, akarengane n’amacakubiri mu bana b’u Rwanda»

Venant Nkurunziza

Umutaripfana wo mu Ishyaka Ishema

Rwanda Defense Forces recruit anew

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Rwanda Defense Forces (RDF) recruit anew

Since 1995, the Rwandese Patriotic Army (RPA) never stopped being involved either directly or indirectly in numerous wars that claimed lives to over 6 million people, Rwandans and Congolese. It was by the military and logistic support of RPA that Kabila senior was able to dethrone Mobutu. It was by RPA machine that the same Kabila perished shot by one of his body guards. It was by the RPA bombs and mortars that the UN Mapping report has concluded that what happened to Hutu in Congo could be termed genocide. Even today Rwanda Defense Forces (RDF) are still in Congo fighting along with a rebel movement known as M23 after other pro- RPA armed groups have expired or metamorphosed. It is not a secret.

Since last July, fights have resumed between the Congolese Army (FARDC) and the same armed group, M23. Different UN reports have repeatedly urged Rwanda to stay away of the Congo’s situation, but in vain. The US has expressed its dissatisfaction with what is happening in that region and said that further measures could be taken against M23 and those who support it (referring to Rwanda). Stubbornly, Rwanda did as if nothing happened. Testimonies from eye witnesses confirm that on Tuesday 27, 2013 about 2000 soldiers of RDF crossed the border from Rwanda into Democratic Republic of Congo. Concomitantly, the Ministry of Defense has called youngsters between the age of 18 and 23 to enroll in the army. The announcement from the ministry of Defense stipulates that the eligible are those who have finished their education at Ordinary level ( tronc commun) and A level( Senior 6).

Given the high rate of unemployment among the youth, and given that the government scholarship scheme has been rearranged to favor mostly those children from genocide survivors’ families, in other words Tutsi; it is robustly probable that a big number of recruits will be registered. Another analysis would lead the reader to wonder why the ministry has now decided to make it public that is recruiting after being accused of, and denied fighting in DRC with M23 troops. Two main reasons are put forward: One, some sources say that RDF has lost so many fighters during these last confrontations especially because FARDC have been backed by the UN intervention brigade. And two, the ministry of defense and the RPF government by extension, wants to bring a new item into discussion after having recruited so many youngsters by force, Now, the new argument that is expected to be used more or less favorably to RDF is that all new recruits joined the army voluntarily. Nevertheless, tremendous evidence of forced recruitment including recruitment of child soldiers has been documented and it is up to the observers to decide what they want to believe. I say this because, it is not the first time Kagame and his army has been alleged of atrocities, war crimes and crime against humanity. Usually these crimes are punished everywhere in the world else except when they are committed against some Rwandans. Even when it is well recognized that the terrorist act of April 6, 1994 has sparked genocide, some great decision-makers judge it appropriate to try cases of alleged authors of genocide, leaving intact authors of the cause of that genocide. Very, very bizarre, isn’t it? Therefore a limited hope exists as to how RDF and its high naughty commanders will be dealt with. Notwithstanding the situation and its unclear possible outcomes, my message to the young men and women of Rwanda is that they should restrain and stay far away from these unending wars of Kagame’s.

While according to some observers Rwanda wants to have enough number of soldiers after hundreds of RDF men succumbed miserably since last July, for some others, this war might be the last engaged and fought during Kagame’s lifetime.

Qui vivra verra!

“Sinzateshuka ku ntego niyemeje” Miss Social Media, Sandrine De Vincent

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Miss Social Media Sandrine M. De Vincent

Kuwa 24 Kanama 2013 mu mujyi wa Toronto harangiye ku nshuro ya 15 irushanwa ryiswe Miss Africanada rihuza abari bafite inkomoko muri Africa ariko batuye mu gihugu cya Canada. Mu barushanwaga hagaragayemo babiri bakomoka mu Rwanda ndetse akaba ari bo baje mu myanya ya mbere. Mu gihe Sandrine Manirere De Vincent ari we wahabwaga amahirwe menshi, undi munyarwandakazi witwa Sharamanzi Temahagari Marie France ni we waje kwegukana ikamba hanyuma Sandrine aza amukurikiye anegukana igihembo cya Miss Social Media gihabwa uwakoresheje itangazamakuru ry’imbuga mpuzambaga bita.

Madamazela Temahagari mu kwiyamamaza yavugaga ko intego ye ari ugukumira amakimbirane cyane cyane akita ku kurwanya akarengane kajyana n’ubusumbane mu benegihugu kuko asanga aribyo byakuruye genocide yo muri 1994. Ku rubuga rwe rwa facebook yagize ati: “ Nemera ntashidikanya ko kwigisha uburinganire (equality) abana batoya mu mashuri, mu by’ukuri bikabacengera, bizatuma dukumira makimbirane ashingiye cyane cyane ku busumbane. Ndifuza ko aya masomo yigishwa bwa mbere mu gihugu cyanjye cy’amavuko u Rwanda kubera ko mu myaka 19 ishize habaye genocide nyarwanda ikaba yaraturutse ku busumbane. Ndashaka ko ibyo njyewe n’umuryango wanjye twanyuzemo nta wundi bizongera kubaho ukundi”.

Sharamanzi Temahagari Marie France ni we wahawe ikamba rya Miss Africanada 2013

Ubu butumwa rero Temahagari abutanze mu gihe mu Rwanda hari ubusumbane buri ku gipimo gikabije ku buryo inzego zishinzwe statistics zitakirirwa zipima icyitwa gini coefficient. Ababikurikiranira hafi basanga hafi 10% by’abaturage b’u Rwanda aribo bafite ubutunzi bungana na 90%. Ni ukuvuga ko ku bantu ijana, 90 basaranganya ibyari bigenewe abantu 10 ibindi byose bikikubirwa n’agatsiko gatoya k’abantu 10 batunze ibya babandi 90! Nk’uko uyu mwari Temahagari abivuga rero niba ubusumbane aribwo bwatumye habaho genocide yo muri 1990, ni ukuvuga ko hatagize igikorwa ubu nta kabuza u Rwanda rwakongera rugacura imiborogo. Sharamanzi rero akaba afite akazi katoroshye ko kumvisha ubutegetsi bwa Leta ya Kigali ko kwimakaza ubusumbane mu bana b’igihugu ari ugutegura genocide mu buryo buziguye.

Gusa rero, mu kwishimira intsinzi mu nkuru yasohotse mu kinyamakuru http://www.huffingtonpost.ca igira iti:urugendo ruhamye kuva k’uwarokotse genocide kugera ku mwenegihugu w’ikitegererezo( A determined Journey from Genocide survivor to Model citizen), Madamazela Sharamanzi Temahagari ntiyongeye kuvuga u Rwanda ahubwo yavuze ko agiye gushyigikira Miss Africanada 2012 Kitoko Christine w’umunyacongo na ONG ye Hands for the Hearts yita ku bari n’abategarugori bo muri Congo. Aha umuntu akibaza impamvu Sharamanzi adahisemo guhera ku bari b’Abanyarwanda haba abari mu Rwanda cyangwa se abanyanyagiye mu buhungiro, cyane cyane ko muri platform yakoresheje yiyamamaza yavuze ko ashaka guhera i Rwanda!.

Iyo urebye ubutumwa bwa Miss Africanada Sharamanzi n’ubutumwa bwa Miss Social Media Sandrine Manirere usanga hari aho bufitanye isano. Mu gihe Sandrine arwanira ishyaka impunzi, Sharamanzi arwanya ubusumbane kandi akenshi ubu busumbane ni nabwo nyirabayana w’ubuhunzi.

Sandrine we ngo ntazateshuka ku ntego yiyemeje.

Ibi yabitangarije ubwanditsi bwa blog mu gihe yari abajijwe uko agiye gukoresha umwanya yatsindiye. Yagize ati: “sinzateshuka ku ntego nziza nihaye yo kuvugira abatagira kivugira. Kuri iyi si hari abantu bababaye benshi kandi banyuze mu ngorane ndengakamere, ariko ikibazo ni uko bamwe batagira kivugira”. Agasanga impunzi cyane cyane abari n’abategarugori batagira ubavugira bityo agasanga agiye gukora ku buryo afatanyije n’abandi bafite umutima mwiza bakumvikanisha ibibazo by’ubuhunzi kandi hakitwabwa ku burezi bw’abari n’abategarugori baba mu buhungiro. Sandrine yashoje asaba abantu bose gufatanyiriza hamwe ngo iyi ntego igerweho kuko twese bitureba.

Tumwifurije amahirwe masa.

Statement on Situation in Eastern Congo, Sunday 25, 2013

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The United States is alarmed by the escalating fighting between the M23 armed group and the armed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) in eastern Congo. We condemn the actions of the M23, which have resulted in civilian casualties, attacks on the UN peacekeeping mission (MONUSCO), and significant population displacements. We are also concerned by reports of shelling across the Rwandan border, including credible UN reports that the M23 has fired into Rwandan territory. We call on the M23 to immediately end the hostilities, lay down their arms, and disband, in accordance with UN Security Council resolutions.

We commend the actions of MONUSCO to protect civilians in and around Goma. Attacks against UN installations and personnel are unacceptable. We are deeply concerned about evidence of increasing ethnic tensions in Goma and call on all parties to avoid any actions that could exacerbate such tensions.

We urgently call on the DRC and Rwandan governments to exercise restraint to prevent military escalation of the conflict or any action that puts civilians at risk. We reiterate our call for Rwanda to cease any and all support to the M23 and to respect DRC’s territorial integrity, consistent with U.N. Security Council resolutions and its commitments under the Peace, Security, and Cooperation Framework. We also call on the DRC to take all prudent steps to protect civilians and to take precautions that FARDC shells do not inadvertently land in Rwandan territory. We urge MONUSCO and the Expanded Joint Verification Mechanism to promptly and thoroughly investigate charges of cross-border shelling. We urge all parties to facilitate access for humanitarian organizations assisting populations in need.

The United States fully supports the Peace, Security, and Cooperation Framework signed by the DRC, Rwandan, and neighboring governments in February 2013 as the basis for a political dialogue to resolve the longstanding conflict in the region. We also believe any political settlement of the conflict must include accountability for human rights atrocities committed by leaders of the M23 and other armed groups, including the FDLR. The United States stands ready to consider further targeted sanctions against the leaders of the M23 and other armed groups and those who support them.

Signed by

Marie Harf
Deputy Spokesperson, Office of the Spokesperson

Washington, DC

Source:US Department of State

Mu masaha atarenze 24 haraba hamenyekanye Miss Africanada 2013

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Sandrine De Vincent uhabwa amahirwe yo kwegukana ikamba rya Miss Africanada 2013

Nyuma y’amezi abiri irushanwa ry’abahatanira kuba ba Nyampinga b’Abanyafrica baba muri Canada ritangiye, uyu munsi kuwa 24 Kanama nibwo hateganyijwe kumenyekana uributsindire iryo rushanwa. Kugeza ubu umunyarwandakazi Sandrine Manirere De Vincent akaba ariwe uhabwa amahirwe menshi kurusha abandi mu bahatana. Impamvu ituma Sandrine akomeje kubahiga, ni intego we yihaye yo kuvuganira abatagira kivugira cyane cyane impunzi ziri muri Africa. Mu kuvuganira impunzi Sandrine avuga ko cyane cyane abari n’abategarugori ari bo bagerwaho n’ingaruka nyinshi kurusha abagabo. Kuri we asanga kwita ku burere bw’Abari n’abategarugori ari ngombwa niba koko dushaka kubaka umuryango. Agira ati “Kuva muri Mali, mu burengerazuba bwa Africa ukagera mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo , Impunzi zisangiye akababaro”. Ati “Twanananiwe guca ubuhunzi, nyamara igihe cyari iki kugira ngo ijambo ubuhunzi ricike ku isi yose kuko nta karere na kamwe kadafite impunzi”. Yongera kwibutsa abayobozi ko bagombye guhindura imiyoborere yabo bakemera ko abantu babana mu mahoro naho ubundi Africa ntizatera imbere.

Iyo uganirirye n’uyu mwari utagira uko asa, umusangana ibitekerezo bitagira ikigereranyo. Nkimara kuvugana na we nahise nifuza ko rwose twese twamuhundagazaho majwi yacu. Bamwe mu bamuvugishije cyangwa abamwoherereza ubutumwa, bambwiye ko na bo bamukundiye ko agira igihe cya buri umwe, kandi bose bashima ibitekerezo bye.

Umwari Sandrine ntatinya no kuganira ku bibazo by’u Rwanda. Kuri we, asanga Abanyarwanda bose ari abavandimwe bityo ndetse akibaza ikibananira ngo batahirize umugozi umwe. Kuri iki kibazo akomeza yemeza ko hari icyizere ko byose bizagerwaho ariko agasaba buri wese kubigiramo uruhare. Nk’uko intego ye ibivuga, uburezi ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku bari n’abategarugori baba mu buhungiro akaba yiteguye kuzababera umuvugizi. Muri iki gihe u Rwanda rufite impunzi zinyanyagiye hirya no hino ku isi ku migabane yose inyinshi bikaba bitazwi neza aho ziherereye ibi bikaba bizongerera risks zo kuba zagira ibibazo.

Sandrine afite inseko izatuma abatanga amanota bamuha 100%

Mu gihe Africa ikomeje kugira ibibazo by’impunzi bidashira, gutora Sandrine ku mwanya wa Miss Africana 2013 ni ukwiteganyiriza. Tubibutse ko iri rushanwa rimaze imyaka 14 rikorwa uwatsindiye ikamba ku nshuro ya 14 akaba ari umwari ukomoka i Kisangani Muri Congo Kinshasa witwa Christine Kitoko.

Kugira ngo utore Sandrine jya kuri link

http://www.tapmagazine.ca/2013/08/vote-sandrine-for-miss-africanada-2013.html maze uhitemo imwe muri social media ziri hasi.Ubwiza bwa Sandrine buteye ishema buri Munyarwanda

Ntiwibagirwe gutora.

Umunya Uganda Andrew Mwenda ashobora kuzabazwa ibyo Perezida Kagame akora.

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Umunya Uganda Andrew Mwenda ashobora kuzabazwa ibyo Perezida Kagame akora.

Mu gihe hashize iminsi itari mikeya U Rwanda rurebana ay’ingwe na Tanzania, hakomeje iterana ry’amagambo hagati y’ibyo bihugu binyujijwe mu binyamakuru ari ibya Leta ari n’ibyigenga. Mu gihe ku ruhande rwa Tanzania usanga hari ukwifata no gukoresha ubwitonzi ku bategetsi, siko bimeze ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda. Nyuma y’aho Ministri w’ububanyi n’amahanga yatangiye kuvuga nabi Tanzania na Perezida wayo, cyakora akaza gusa n’ushaka kwihohora, ubu noneho Abajyanama ba Perezida Kagame ni bo bagezweho mu gukora uwo murimo kandi ngo urimo akamiya gatubutse. Gusa rero bashatse barya bari menge.

Andrew Mwenda ni umwe mu Bajyanama ba Perezida Kagame

Abinyujije ku rubuga Tweeter ku wa 19 Kanama 2013, umujyanama wa Perezida Kagame uvuka muri Uganda, Andrew Mwenda, yagaragaje ibyo atekereza kuri iki kibazo. Mwenda atangira avuga ko yatangaye cyane ngo amaze kuvumbura ko Kikwete afitanye isano ya hafi n’abo yise aba genocidaires. Avuga ko mu nyandiko yasohowe na Wikileaks bigaragazwa ko umugore wa Perezida Kikwete ari mubyara wa nyakwigendera Perezida Habyarimana! Si Mwenda wenyine wavuze iyi nkuru kuko no mu binyamakuru byinshi bisohokera mu Rwanda iyi nkuru yatangajwe. Ikindi ngo byavuzwe ko Kikwete yajyaga yohereza intwaro mu Burundi aziha Abahutu mu gihe barwanyaga Leta. Aha umuntu akibaza impamvu uyu mujyanama ashaka kwigira injiji ku ngufu. Aba genocidaires avuga ni bande? Ni Abahutu bo mu Burundi byabaye ngombwa ko bafata intwaro ngo birwaneho mu gihe bari bagiye gushirira ku icumu bicwa umusubizo nk’udushwiriri? Umu genocidaire se ni Habyarimana wapfuye na genocide itaraba? Andrew Mwenda yanteye kwibaza byinshi.

Andrew Mwenda akomeza avuga ko Kikwete mu kwirukana Abanyamahanga batagira ibyangombwa yari agambiriye Abatutsi, ngo na ho abandi bose ni ibitambo (collateral). N’ubwo atari we wa mbere ubikemanga, uburyo Mwenda yabyanditse arasa n’uwerekana ko hari isano hagati ya genocide y’Abatutsi yo muri 1994, intambara zo mu Burundi n’iyirukanwa ry’Abatagira ibyangombwa muri Tanzania. Bityo kuri Mwenda wa Independent, Tanzania irimo gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wateguwe neza kuva kera akawugereranya na genocide. Twibutse ko kugeza n’ubu FPR ihora yemeza ko genocide yateguwe igihe kirekire nyamara urukiko rwashyiriweho kuburanisha abaregwa genocide rwa Arusha rukaba rutarabashije kugaragaza ko uwo mugambi wabayeho. Ibi ntibivuga ko wenda utabayeho, ahubwo bivuga ko abaciriwe imanza bose batagize uruhare mu gutegura uwo mugambi. Bityo ubwo umugambi utagaragariye ku baregwa kwica Abatutsi umuntu yawushakira mu kindi gihande, ni ukuvuga FPR n’abafasha bayo.

Usesenguriye hafi inyandiko za Andrew Mwenda, urasanga avuga ko mbere hariho umugambi wa Tanzania wo kwirukana Abatutsi hanyuma ijambo rya Kagame rikaba imbarutso, kimwe n’uko ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana ryabaye imbarutso ya genocide. Aho ibi byombi bihuriye ni uko iyo migambi yombi (uwa genocide n’uwo kwirukana Abatutsi muri Tanzania) nta gihamya ko yabayeho. Ikindi iyo migambi yombi ifite imbarutso zikomoka kuri Perezida Kagame. Ibi ni byo Andrew Mwenda atsinda kuvuga ariko uwumva aba yumvise !

Mwenda arahunga nkana impamvu yaba yaratumye Tanzania yirukana Abanyarwanda akavuga ko abari bagenderewe ari Abatutsi abandi bakaba ibitambo. Usesenguye amagambo ya Mwenda urasanga abwira Abahutu ati mwe ntacyo mubaye n’ubundi mwamenyereye kubungera mu mashyamba, abababaje ni izi mfura ! Mu by’ukuri Andrew Mwenda agaragaje ingengabitekerezo y’ivangura. Abaye nka wa wundi (Mukagasani Yolanda) uherutse gusetsa imikara ngo ko Human Rights Watch itavugira abari kwirukanwa, nyamara sinigeze numva muri 1996 hari utabariza abirukanwaga. Cyakora sinamurenganya niba yaravutse nyuma ya 1996 da ! Ubu mu Banyarwanda birukanwa muri Tanzania haravugwa bakeya bakorewe urugomo, nyamara muri Congo ho imirambo ntigira ingano. Nanjye naraketse nti wenda Human Rights Watch itaragize ubutwari bwo kuvugira abicwa ntiyabona ubutwari bwo kuvugira abakomeretswa !

Andrew Mwenda na we arirengagiza ko atari ubwa mbere Tanzania yirukana Abanyamahanga. Ntiyigeze agira icyo avuga ubwo Abarundi birukanwaga. Ese aho Mwenda ntiyaba ari muri ba bacurabwnge n’abashyushyarugamba ba wa mugambi wa Empire Hima ushaka kwerekana ko Abatutsi basumba Abahutu ? Nawe se, arongera kuri tweeter ye akavuga ko ibyo Tanzania irimo gukora ngo bisa n’iby’Abanazi bakoreye abayahudi. Mwibuke ko muri wa mugambi wa emprie Hima, Abatutsi bemeza ko aribo Bayahudi bo muri Africa.

Uko byagenda kose dukwiye gushishoza tukanga kwigira injiji ku ngufu. Uwo ari we wese agira ububabare kandi igikorwa cyose kigira icyo giturukaho. Niba igikorwa cyo kwirukana impunzi cyaraturutse ku ijambo ruvumwa rya Perezida Kagame, Andrew Mwenda akaba ari we mujyana wa Kagame, ni ukuvuga ko ibi byose Andrew Mwenda nawe azabibazwa.

Kagame body guard goes missing!

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There is still no information on the whereabouts of Lieutenant Joel Mutabazi, a former body guard to Rwandan President Paul Kagame, who was reportedly kidnapped in Kampala on Tuesday.

Mutabazi, who worked as Kagame’s body guard for 20 years, went missing from his United Nations High Commission of Refugees—UNHCR rented home in Kawempe, a Kampala suburb. It is alleged that the now critic of Kagame’s leadership was kidnapped from his home and whisked to an unknown location.President Kagame: A man who is alleged to have Death Squads all over the world.

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Police Spokeswoman Judith Nabakooba confirms that there was a kidnap complaint of a Rwandan National filed at the Kawempe police station and that investigations had commenced into the matter.

According to Inyenyeri News, an online news agency in Rwanda, the Israeli-trained Rwandan commando was allegedly kidnapped by a group of five men comprising of two Ugandan police officers and three other Rwandan security agents. Inyenyeri News says the five men stormed Mutabazi’s home at about 4pm and sprayed him with a substance that weakened him before whisking him away to an unknown location.

UgandaPolice spokesperson Judith Nabakooba

Police spokesperson Judith Nabakooba confirms that there was a kidnap complaint of a Rwandan National filed at the Kawempe police station and that investigations had commenced into the matter. She however declined to give details.

Rwanda’s High Commissioner to Uganda, Major General Frank Mugambage, when contacted on phone told URN that he was busy to comment on the matter. He referred our reporter to the High Commission offices to make an appointment to meet him. At the High Commission the URN reporter was told to go there on Monday next week.

Mutabazi had earlier last year survived an attack at his former home in Kasangati after unknown assailants attacked his house and shot bullets that missed him and his family. He was then placed under police protection until the UNHCR got him a new home that he was staying in till yesterday’s attack.

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The news agency in their article claimed that a witness to the kidnap managed to identify one man among the attackers as Rene Rutagungira. Documents from the Rwanda National Human Rights Commission identify Rene Rutagungira as a retired army Sergeant, who was prosecuted in 2000 in connection with the mysterious death of a Rwandan Businessman identified as Victor Bayingana. He was however acquitted of the charge.

The disappearance of Mutabazi comes at a time when Rwandan asylum seekers in Uganda are increasingly lodging complaints of being haunted by suspected hit-squads.

In June this year, some 16 students from Rwanda escaped to Uganda and asked for asylum alleging harassment by their home government. They also claimed that they were being conscripted into the ranks of the M23 rebel group in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, a claim dismissed by Ambassador Mugambage, who said the students were misled into committing crimes back home.

Mugambage also dismissed allegations that the Kigali government was operating a hit-squad in Kampala targeting critics of President Kagame’s leadership. The students have since been taken and temporarily resettled in Arua.

On December 2, 2011, Charles Ingabire, a journalist who was living in Uganda as a political refugee, was gunned down while hanging out at a bar in Kampala. He was editor of Inyenyeri News, an online publication critical President Paul Kagame’s government. Ambassador Mugambage later described the slain editor as someone who fled from justice in his home country into Uganda.

Though Mugambage regretted Ingabire’s death, he was quick to dismiss him as someone not worth the kind of media attention and titles that did not suit his background.

A few months after Ingabire’s death, another Rwandan asylum seeker, Sergeant Dominic Sabagasani was also gunned down in Kampala. The murders remain unresolved to date.

Source:http://www.redpepper.co.ug/former-kagame-bodyguard-goes-missing-in-kampala/

“A Shameful Wound of our Time” by Sandrine M. De Vincent

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Sandrine M. De Vincent has a quality of leadership: understanding the need of others and taking initiatives. She is contesting the crown of Miss Africanada 2013.

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Growing up surrounded by a fence, caged like an animal, stripped of dignity, with no freedom, no home of your own, overcrowded, traumatized, having lost your beloved, isolated from other people, yet still having courage to face each day with hope and determination for a better tomorrow. This is what it means to be a refugee and one of the costs of war. As defined by the 1951 Convention, a refugee “is any person who, owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country.”

There are many refugees across the world but specifically, I am talking about refugees from that blessed and yet seemingly forsaken continent, Africa. Although natural disasters have contributed to refugee problems, most refugees are the product of man- made disasters. There are are about seventeen million refugees, of which 90 percent and above are found in Africa. This is more than a statistic, these are our brothers and sisters who are suffering due to our unjust actions. 80 percent of the world’s refugees are women and children who are the most vulnerable to their unstable conditions.

From refugees of Mali in Niger to internally displaced persons in DRC, in Liberia, in Sudan and you name it, refugees share the same story: A story of rape, injustice, suppression, oppression, repression, compulsion and uncertainty of the future. Most refugees or internally displaced person in Africa are denied freedom. They live in dehumanizing conditions, with few basic needs supplied. They are mostly housed in camps where sometimes women have to sell their bodies in order to obtain food. Most of the young people do not have education, while the world sings that education is the key to liberty. As human beings we have failed the refugees everywhere in Africa. We have allowed these refugees to be defined by poverty, high illiteracy, high morbidity rates, HIV pandemic, etc. We have failed to recognize that Africa can never be developed nor can it move forward when these large groups of people are left out of participation. We have failed to acknowledge that, if we are to build a peaceful Africa, we have to replace guns and the helpless life of refugees with education. In the midst of all this disaster, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of humanitarian organizations, and I leave it to the reader to debate about their successes and failures.

The stories of refugees are told, not to arouse pity but to call World leaders especially Africans to adopt a non-violent and harmonious way of life. Africa can be developed if the so-called leaders are tasked to accountability by their own people and by those from outside who are providing aid in the name of international development.
We want a blood-free Africa. We want human rights to be respected, we want the word “refugee” to disappear from the continent of Africa and the entire universe. We want war and crimes against humanity to stop. We want a generation of hope and a bright future. It’s everybody’s responsibility to try and create a peaceful environment, since every region today has refugees.

“You understand something when you go through it.”

Written by Sandrine in observance of the World Refugee Day on June 20, 2013

Sandrine has the most beautiful smile

PS: Sandrine M. De Vincent is from Rwanda. She is contesting the crown of Miss Africanada 2013. Her platform is “to support girls’ education especially for the refugee women and girls in Africa”. Aged 23, Sandrine is a third year student in International Relations and Political Sciences at University of Toronto. To vote for Sandrine, go to the link http://www.tapmagazine.ca/2013/08/vote-sandrine-for-miss-africanada-2013.html and click on one of the social media at the bottom of the page. Your support is a tool to enable this beautiful talented young lady to advocate for Refugees.

Don’t forget to vote!!

Kayira Etienne wa ORINFOR yahaye isomo Perezida Paul Kagame.

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Kayira Etienne wa ORINFOR yahaye isomo Perezida Paul Kagame.

Mu nyandiko ye yo kuwa 15 Kanama, umunyamakuru Kayira Etienne yongeye kwibutsa Perezida Kagame hamwe n’abandi bakuru b’ibihugu bya Afurika ko indangagaciro y’ikinyabupfura ari ngombwa mu gihe Umukuru w’igihugu avuga ijambo mbwirwaruhame. Mu mvugo ijimije ariko yumvikana neza, Kayira arafata urugero rwa Perezida Mugabe n’ijambo aheruka kuvuga nyuma yo gutangaza ko yatsinze amatora, maze agaheraho avuga amakosa y’Abaperezida ba Afurika batita ku mahame ya Demokarasi. Aragira ati: “Uretse n’umukuru w’igihugu nka Robert Mugabe, umuntu wese wiyubaha ntabwo yagombye gukoresha imvugo nyandagazi aho yaba ari hose. Noneho iyo umuntu ari umuyobozi mu rwego runaka, byagombye kuba akarusho kwitwararika cyangwa guhitamo amagambo yo gukoresha, kuko abo ubwira baba bakubonamo umuntu wo gutanga urugero rwiza”.

Ibi Kayira abivuze mu gihe hashize iminsi Abanyarwanda ndetse n’Abanyamahanga batari bakeya banenze Perezida Kagame ku ijambo yavuze mu kwezi kwa Kamena mu ntara y’amajyaruguru abwira abasirikare ko Perezida Kikwete avuga ibinyabasazi(utter nonsense), hanyuma I Kigali Perezida Kagame akavuga ko azacunga Kikwete akamukonyora (I will wait at the right place and I will hit you). Aya magambo yombi bikekwa ko ariyo yahereweho igihugu cya Tanzania kigafata icyemezo cyo kwirukana Abanyarwanda babaga yo. Uretse aya magambo kandi hari andi menshi umukuru w’igihugu cy’u Rwanda yavuze atarimo ikinyabupfura na mba. Akunze kuvugwa ni aho yahonze agatoki ku kandi akababazwa n’uko atabashije kwica impunzi zose ngo azimare, aho yavuze ko Abantu ari umwanda(amazirantoki) n’ibigarasha. Nyuma y’aya magambo yose kandi niko amashyi y’urufaya yakurikiraga ho. Nta shiti, Kayira ntiyari mu bayakomye.

Uretse ibyerekeye ikinyabupfura kandi Kayira aravuga no kuri Demokarasi. Aragira ati: “Aha niho abaperezida bamwe mu bihugu bya Afrika bagaragarira ko atari abanyapolitiki beza, aho baheza mu butegetsi abo mu mashyaka batavuga rumwe.”. Iri ni isomo rikomeye cyane Kayira yahaye Paul Kagame ahereye ku myitwarire ya Mugabe wagaragaje ko adashaka gukorana n’abo avuga ko yatsinze mu matora. Twese nta we utazi uburyo abatavuga rumwe na Leta y’u Rwanda bafatwa mu Rwanda: bahimbirwa ibyaha bagakatirwa ibihano bikakaye nka Mushayidi, Ntaganda na Ingabire Victoire, bangirwa kwinjira mu matora mu gihe bangirwa kwandikisha amashyaka yabo ya Politiki no kwinjira mu matora nko ku ishyaka FDU Inkingi na DGPR, baricwa nka Rwisereka wa DGPR, n’ibindi byinshi. Aha Kayira agatanga inama ati: “Ibihugu bimwe byo mu Buraya na Amerika byagombye kutubera urugero”ati kuko uwatsinzwe yemererwa no gukorana muri guverinoma nshya n’uwamutsinze.

Kayira asoza agira ati: “Uko byagenda kose, abayobozi bakuru b’ibihugu bya Afrika baracyafite akazi gakomeye ko gukurikiza amahame ya demokarasi, bagaragaza ubutwari bwo kubwizanya ukuri naho ubundi aho bukera bizajya bibagaruka”. Nanjye nti abwirwa benshi akumva bene yo. Warakoze Kayira we.

Dore aho mwasanga inkuru ya Kayira Etienne http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=rw&volumeid=1079&cat=11&storyid=22999