Category Archives: Politiki

Tumenye neza intwari za Revolution ya 1959 : Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda.

Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda ni muntu ki ?

Grégoire Kayibanda ni mwene Léonidas Rwamanywa na Caroline Nyirambeba. Yavukiye Tare, muri Commune Musambira Prefecture ya Gitarama mu majyepfo y’ u Rwanda kuwa 01 Gicurasi 1924. Amashuri abanza yayize i Tare (1932-1934) kandi ayakomereza Kabgayi (1934-1937). Naho ayisumbuye ayiga mu iseminari nto Saint Léon i Kabgayi (1934-1943). Kuwa 28 Ukuboza 1944 Kayibanda yinjiye mu Iseminari nkuru ya Nyakibanda, kugeza yiyemeje kuyivamo kuwa 15 novembre 1948, kandi agahagarika n’ibyigipadiri ahubwo akerekeza muby’ubwarimu. Yashakanye na Kayibanda Verdianne. Kuwa 20 Mutarama 1949 atangira umwuga w’ubwarimu muri « Institut Léon Classe » kugeza mu 1952. Ibyo kandi akabifatanyaga n’ubuzima busanzwe bwa buri munsi mu gukemura ibibazo binyuranye byari byugarije rubanda rugufi aho atuye. [Paternostre de la Mairieu (1994) 75].

Mu 1953 Kayibanda yoherejwe gukora i Kabgayi muri serivise yo gutegura no kunonosora infashanyigisho zijyanye n’igihe mu biro by’ubugenzuzi bw’amashuri. Guhera muri Kamena muri uwo mwaka kugeza m’Ukuboza 1954 Kayibanda yabaye umwanditsi w’ikinyamakuru « l’AMI».Kayibanda yifashishije itangazamakuru rero, yakomeje guhindura imitekerereze ya rubanda kandi ahindura n’imwe mumikorere y’ubutegetsi itari ihwitse muri icyo gihe. Urugero twatanga ni uko mu gihe itegeko ryabuzaga kwishyira hamwe cyane cyane mubikorwa bya politiki, Kayibanda we yasabaga ko uburenganzira bwo kwishyira hamwe mu m’Asosiyasiyo na Koperative bwahabwa rubanda kandi mu buryo butagabanuweho na gato. [Kayibanda Grégoire, “Notre rôle dans la cité” dans L’ami, n°114, janv.1954 nkuko byandukuwe na Paternostre de la Mairieu].

Ibyo byagize ingaruka nziza cyane mu mitekerereze n’imikorere ya politili. Amashyirahamwe menshi yaravutse kugera ku rwego rwo kuba Amashyaka ya Polilitiki. Hagati aho rero guhera Mu 1955 nibwo Kayibanda yavuye mu bugenzuzi bw’amashuri maze aba : President wa komite ncunga mikorere ya Trafipro (Travail, Fidélité, Progrès), umwanditsi mukuru wa Kinyamateka, yabaye kandi umunyamabanga wihariye wa «Monseigneur Perraudin », ndetse aba n’umwe mu bagize inama ngishwanama yaChefferie ya Marangara. Iyo myanya niyo yafashije cyane cyane Grégoire Kayibanda kumenyekanisha ibitecyerezo bye byiza. Kayibanda aha yari yaramaze kwiyunvamo umuhamagaro wo kuba umucunguzi wa rubanda rugufi nk’uko intego ye yabivugaga : Libertatem filiorum Dei : Tubohore Abana b’Imana.

Uwo muhamagaro kandi ugaragazwa n’amagambo basanze mu ikaye ye (carnet de notes), agira ati : « Mu gihugu aho rubanda ikorerwa ivangura rigaragara kandi ryizweho neza….nsanga kwibanda ku kintu kimwe gusa ntacyo byaba bimaze, ahubwo bidatinze nazasanga nange ntacyo ndicyo…mpisemo rero gukangura igihugu cyanjye kumenya ubushobozi kifitemo…maze nkabafasha kuvumbura ibyo ababakikije bakeneye, nkabasunikira kandi nkabingingira gutanga umusanzu wabo…ntekereza ko ariwo muhamagaro wange mu gihugu kikishakisha, kandi kikireba aho gikwiye guhagurukira hakwiye kandi vuba ». (Paternostre de la Mairieu 1994]. Murunva ko Kayibanda rero yabaye nkurahiye ko agiye gutanga ubuzima bwe bwose mu gufasha rubanda kwibohora.

Kayibanda arongera ati : « Chefu (président du Conseil de chefferie) anfata nk’umuntu warwanya ubutegetsi kandi bigaragara ko hari ukuntu antinya . Yamenyereye kwigirizaho nkana aba sushefu be, ariko njye sinemera amahame ye yose! Intekerezo zanjye zuzuyemo akarengane abantu banjye bagirirwa, kandi sinakwihanganira na gato ubutegetsi butakijyanye n’igihe kandi budashoboye.» Nasomye aya magambo anyibutsa ay’umukambwe Nelson Mandera, wavugaga ko iminyururu iri ku bantu be (abirabura) nawe iba imuriho, ko nta kindi yakora uretse kuyibabohora…kandi ko ari gahunda ndende yiyemeje kugeza ayisohoje cyangwa se kugeza abizize biramutse bibaye ngombwa.

Hari taliki ya 19 Nzeri 1962, Perezida J kennedy wa USa yakira Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda nyuma y’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda.

Nk’uko bigaragara, Kayibanda yari umugabo utarebera akarengane ngo yituramire, cyangwa ngo yihutire gukemuraibibazo yifashishije inzira ihutaza, cyangwa se, isesa amaraso. Kayibanda yahangayikishijwe cyane n’ikibazo cya rubanda rugufi rwari rwiganjemo abo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu. Abo bari barambuwe uburenganzira bwose bw’ikiremwamuntu, ahubwo bagafatwa nk’ibikoresho. Umuhutu, ntaburenganzira ku mutungo, ku mutekano no kwishyira ukizana yagiraga,emwe no kubaho kwe byabaga ari impuhwe yagiriwe. Kwaka rero no guharanira uburenganzira mbonezamubano n’ubwa politiki n’ubundi bushamikiyeho, murunva ko byo byari inzozi.

Nyamara intwari Kayibanda yakomeje kwitegereza ako karengane kakorerwaga Abahutu kuva aho ubutegetsi bwabo bw’Abahinza butsindiwe n’ingoma nyiginya z’Abatutsi mu gisekuruza cya 15, asanga ataceceka. Nibwo kuwa 24 Werurwe 1957 Kayibanda yegereye bagenzi be aribo: Maximilien Niyonzima, Claver Ndahayo, Isidore Nzeyimana, Calliope Mulindahabi, Godefroid Sentama, Sylvestre Munyambonera, Joseph Sibomana na Joseph Habyarimana ariwe Gitera, maze basinya kandi batangaza kumugaragaro inyandiko bise « Note sur l’aspect social du problème racial indigène au Rwanda ». Iyo nyandiko yari igenewe Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa hamwe n’abategetsi b’Ababirigi bakolonizaga u Rwanda. Iyo nyandiko yasobanuraga akarengane gakorerwaga rubanda rugufi ndetse n’inzira ako karengane kakemurwamo. Yasabaga by’umwihariko ko ibyiza by’igihugu bikwiye gusaranganywantavangura iryo ariryo ryose rishingiweho mu bana b’ u Rwanda. Iyi nyandiko rero yamenyekanye mu itangazamakuru nka Manifesite y’Abahutu, niyo yabaye intangiriro y’urugamba rw’Umuhutu mukwibohora ingoma ya cyami.

Kayibanda hagati aho, abifashijwemo na «Monseigneur Perraudin », kuwa 09 Nzeri 1957 yoherejwe mu mahugurwa ajyanye n’iby’itangazamakuru mu bwanditsi bw’ ikinyamakuru « Journal Vers l’avenir » cyandikirwaga mu Bubirigi. Kayibanda yagarutse kuwa 08 Ugushyingo 1958, maze ahita akomereza imirimo ye muri Kinyamateka guhera tariki ya 25 Ugushyingo 1958. [Linden (1999) 325].

Twibutse ko muri Kamena 1957, mbere y’amezi 3 ngo Kayibanda ajye i Burayi, muri ya mahugurwa twavuze, yasize ashinze « Mouvement Social Muhutu» yashingiye programu yayo kuri ya Manifeste y’Abahutu. Hagati aho,Umwami Rudahigwa yaje gutanga kuwa 25 Nyakanga 1959, ikibazo kitarakemuka maze asimburwa na murumuna we wahawe izina rya Kigeli V Ndahindurwa kuwa 28 Nyakanga muri uwo mwaka. Impirimbanyi za Demokarasi zibwiraga ko nibura Ndahindurwa azanye amatwara mashya, niko kumwibutsa ubutumwa bwo guhindura ibintu mu nzira y’amahoro bwari bwarashyikirijwe mukuru we.

Nuko mu ibaruwa bashyikirije Umwami Ndahindurwa ubwe ,kuwa 07 Kanama 1959, bongera gusobanura akarengane k’abahutu ndetse berekana n’ibintu bikwiye guhinduka vuba na bwangu mu mitegekere y’igihugu. Mur’ibyo harimo: kwemera ko umuhutu agomba kugira uruhare mu mitegekere y’igihugu cye, gusaranganya ibyiza by’igihugu no gukuraho abategeka bose batabanye neza rubanda. Iyibaruwa yagaragaje rero urukundo intwali za Demokarsi zakundaga rubanda, yagaragaje kandi ukuri n’ubutwalibidashidikanywaho, aba bagabo bari bafite. Muri iyo baruwa baragira bati : «Ibyo duharanira ntitwabihejeje mu rwihisho twabyanditse mubyo amagazeti yise Manifeste y’Abahutu, twabibwiye umwami, twabibwiye Leta, twabwiye intumwa z’Ububirigi, ntitubihisha cyangwa ngo tubishyigikize inzangano no gusebanya. Duhinyura icyo tutabonamo amajyambere rusange y’Abanyarwanda bose tukavuga icyo twifuza ». Iyo baruwa nayo yashyizweho umukono n’abayobozi ba ya Mouvement twavuze haruguru yaharaniraga uburenganzira bw’Umuhutu, aribo : KAYIBANDA Grégoire (Président Général), NIYONZIMA Maximilien (V/P Général), MURINDAHABI Calliope (Secrétaire général), SIBOMANA Joseph(Trésorier Général).

Reba:http://www.mdrwi.org/rapports%20et%20doc/documents/revolisio%2059/requete%20au%20mwami%20ndahindurwa.pdf

Kayibanda wari ukubutse Iburayi, yaritegereje abona ko ibintu bigeze iwandabaga kandi hakenewe impinduka mu Rwanda. Maze kuwa 19 Ukwakira 1959 ashingaga IshyakaPARMEHUTU (Le Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu). Iri shyaka naryo rikaba ryariyuburuye muri ya«Mouvement social Muhutu ». PARMEHUTU yaje guhindura izina, yitwa MDR « Mouvement Démocratique Républicain »kandi yiyemeza kwigobotora ingoma ya cyami n’iya gikoronize maze hakajyaho ubuyobozi bushingiye kuri Demokarasi na Repubulika mu Rwanda. [Paternostre de la Mairieu (1994) 158].

Muri aya mahindura y’imitegekere, Umwami mushya Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yagaragaje ko ingengabitekerezo ya cyami idahinduka kandi ko agikeneye abahutu ho abagaragu, gusa yibagirwa ikintu kimwe ko « nta wahagarika rubanda yahagurukiye gukora revolusiyo ». Ibi tuzabigarukaho tuvuga iby’uko Revolisiyo yatangiye n’uko yagenze(1/11/1959- 01/7/1962).

Revolisiyo yarangiye Rubanda yerekanye imbaraga yifitemo. Reka twiyibutse aya mataliki y’ingenzi cyane :

*Kuwa 26 ukwakira 1960 habayeho amatora adafifitse yarangiye ashyizeho inteko na Leta by’agateganyo. Nyakubahwa Gregoire Kayibanda aba Ministre w’intebe naho Habyarimana Joseph Gitera ayobora Inteko.

*Ku wa 28 Mutarama 1961 i Gitarama habaye Kongere idasanzwe, ikuraho ingoma ya cyami( monarchie), ica Karinga n’izayo zose, itangiza ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri Repubulika : uwo munsi Nyakubahwa Dominiko Mbonyumutwa yatorewe kuba Perezida wa mbere.

*Ku wa 25 Nzeri 1961 habayeho amatora rusange yiswe Kamarampaka : rubanda ihamya bidasubirwaho ko yanze ubutegetsi butunzwe (ubwami) na Kigali , ko ishaka rwose ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri rubanda : nyuma y’ukwegura ka Mobnyumutwa , Geregori Kayibanda yatorewe kuba Perezida wa Repubulika, ashyiraho Leta yagejeje u rwanda ku bwigenge taliki ya 1/7/1962.

Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda wari wabaye Président wa Repubulika ya mbere, yongeye gutorerwa manda ya 2 mu 1965, na manda ya 3 ari nayo ya nyuma mu 1969.[Reyntjens (1985) 408].

Nyamara ariko ngo ntawe uneza rubanda kandi ngoubutegetsi buraryoha ! Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda waharaniye uburenganzira bwa Rubanda nk’uko intwari Nelson Mandela yaharaniye uburenganzira bw’Abirabura bari baratsikamiwe n’abazungu muri Afurika y’Epfo, yaje gukurwa mu mirimo ye kuwa 05 Nyakanga 1973 na kudeta yitiriwe Juvénal Habyarimana n’inshuti ze. Maze Nyakubahwa Grégoire Kayibanda bamugenera igihano cy’urupfu kuwa 26 Kamena 1974. [L’arrêté N° 0001/ 74/ CM de la cour martiale le 29 juin 1974]. Icyo gihano cyaje guhindurwamo gufungwa burundu maze Kayibanda avanwa muri Izari Rwerere aho yari yafungiwe, afungirwa iwe mu rugo i Kavumu ho muri Gitarama kuwa 11 Nzeri 1974, aho yatabarukiye nk’intwari Mahatma Gandhi, kuwa 15 Ukuboza 1976. [Pierre-Célestin Kabanda (2012) 292-294].

Harakabaho intwali za Repubulika.

Umutaripfana Venant Nkurunziza.

Iteganyabikorwa ry’Ishyaka Ishema ry’ u Rwanda

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UKURI- UBUTWARI UGUSARANGANYA

Mu nama yabaye kuri uyu wa gatandatu taliki ya 2 Werurwe 2013, Ubuyobozi bukuru bw’Ishyaka Ishema ry’U Rwanda bwasuzumanye ubushishozi ibibazo bikomeye igihugu cyacu gifite biturutse ahanini ku butegetsi bw’igitugu bw’Agatsiko. Bityo rero mu rwego rwo kuzahura igihugu no guhumuriza Abanyarwanda, ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika ya kane buzashyira imbere ibi bikurikira:

1. Tuzavugurura Inzego z’Ubutegetsi kugira ngo zishingire ku mahame ya Demokarasi isesuye.

(1)Hazategurwa Itegekonshinga rishimangira cyane ihame ry’uko Ubutegetsi Nshingategeko , Nyubahirizategeko n’ubutegetsi bw’Ubucamanza bwatandukana ku buryo bugaragara, hateganywe n’uko bwakuzuzanya, nta rwego rwihaye gucecekesha urundi (Principe de séparation nette des trois pouvoirs).

(2)Kugirango Demokarasi ishingiye ku ihame ryo « gusimburana ku butegetsi mu mahoro » (Principe d’alternance politique) ishobore gushinga imizi mu Rwanda, Repubulika ya kane izandikisha mu Itegekonshinga ko Manda ya Perezida wa Repubulika ari imyaka 5; ko nta mpamvu n’imwe yatuma umuntu yemererwa manda zirenze ebyiri; ko umuperezida uzagaragarwaho no gushakisha inzira zo guhabwa manda ya gatatu azahita afatwa agashyikirizwa ubutabera. Hazashyirwaho itegeko ritaganya icyo cyaha gikomeye cyane(crime contre l’Etat), rigene ibihano bikomeye bizahabwa nyirukugikora kandi ryerekane urukiko rudasanzwe ruzamuburanisha n’uzaruregera (la saisine).

(3)Ikipe y’Abaminisitiri izaba igizwe n’abantu 12 gusa. U Rwanda ni agahugu gato, ntigakeneye guverinoma y’abaminisitiri barenze uriya mubare duteganya.

(4)Inteko Ishingamategeko izaba igizwe n’umutwe umwe gusa w’Abadepite. Sena izavaho.

(5)Hazabaho uturere 36 tw’itora (circoscriptions électorales), muri buri karere hajye hatorwa Abadepite babiri . Abo bombi nibo bazaba bashinzwe by’umwihariko kuba abavugizi b’iterambere n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage bo mu karere bahagarariye kugira ngo hatabaho kwibagirana cyangwa kuryamirana hagati y’uturere.

(6) Hazashyirwaho Inama y’Ikirenga ishinzwe kurengera Itegekonshinga (Conseil Constitutionnel), igizwe n’abanyamategeko 6 b’umwuga, hakiyongeraho abakuru b’igihugu bacyuye igihe. Bazaba bashinzwe gukurikiranira hafi uko Itegekonshinga ryubahirizwa, bagenzure ko andi mategeko atarivuguruza, bakore ku buryo n’ibindi byemezo by’abategetsi banyuranye bitaribangamira . Bazajya bagira inama cyangwa basabire ibihano abategetsi batannye bagateshuka ku kubahiriza Itegekonshinga.

2. Tuzubaka Ubutabera bubereye Abanyarwanda.

(1)Dushingiye ku ihame ry’uko “Leta ikomeza igihe cyose” (Principe de continuité de l’Etat) Repubulika ya Kane yiteguye gusaba imbabazi ku mugaragaro kubera ibyaha bikomeye cyane Leta yakoreye Abanyarwanda kugeza ubu .

(2)Imfungwa zose za politiki zizahita zifungurwa . Abafungiye mu mahanga bazasabirwa kujyanwa mu Rwanda, ikibazo cyabo abe ariho cyigirwa.

(3)Abarenganyijwe n’ Inkiko z’Agatsiko bazarenganurwa.

(4)Tuzafatanya n’abanyarwanda bose, Loni n’Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha, gushakisha, gufata no gushyikiriza ubutabera abantu bose bafite ibiganza bijejeta amaraso y’abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga ;bityo tuzarandura burundu politiki yo kudahana yabaye agatereranzamba mu Rwanda.

(5) Hazategurwa Ibiganiro bihuza Abanyarwanda b’ingeri zose ku byerekeye IMBABAZI ZIDASANZWE cyangwa IBIHANO BYOROHEJE bishobora guhabwa abakoze ibyaha bikomeye, bakaba babyemera, bakaba babisabira imbabazi kandi bakaba biteguye gutanga umuganda wabo mu kubaka igihugu gishya.

3. Mu rwego rwo kwibuka amateka no gukumira umwiryane waranze igihugu cyacu, hazubakwa “INGORO Y’UBWIYUNGE” (Temple de la reconcilation), ishyingurwemo Abanyarwanda bose bazize intambara na jenoside guhera taliki ya 1/10/1990.

(1) Ababaye abakuru b’igihugu bose bazayishyingurwamo.

(2) Imirambo yose yandagaye mu Rwanda no mu mashyamba ya Kongo n’ahandi hashobora kumenyekana izatahurwa ishyigurwe mu cyubahiro muri iyo Ngoro y’Ubwiyunge.

(3)Abantu bazagaragaza ubutwari bukomeye kugeza bamennye amaraso yabo mu bikorwa bigamije gukuraho ingoma mpotozi y’Agatsiko, nabo bazayishyingurwamo.

4. Politiki y’UBUREZI izagirwa ISHINGIRO rya Repubulika.

(1) Abarimu bazitabwaho ku buryo bw’umwihariko kuko burya “Byose bitangirira mu ishuri” . Mwarimu azahabwa umushara ukwiye ahabwe n’ibikoresho bimufasha gutunganya inshingano ze kandi yongererwe agahimbazamuskyi n’andi mashimo anyuranye, ku bakora neza kurusha abandi.

(2) Abanyeshuri bose b’amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye bazarihirwa na Leta.

(3)Kugira ngo uburere bw’abana biga mu mashuri yisumbuye ya Leta burusheho kugira ireme, bazacumbikirwa kandi bagaburirwe( Internat).

(4)Abanyeshuri b’amashuri makuru na Kaminuza bazahabwa buruse, inkunga cyangwa inguzanyo mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko, nta gusumbanya abana hashingiwe ku bwoko, akarere cyangwa ubutoni.

(5)Mu rwego rwo guha buri munyarwanda ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bwo kubona umurimo wamubeshaho , yatura mu Rwanda cyangwa mu mahanga , Leta izashyiraho amashuri y’imyuga ajyanye n’igihe tugezemo.

(6) Aho guhindura Urubyiruko nk’imfungwa mu Rwagasabo, hazabaho politiki rusange yo kuborohereza gusohoka mu gihugu bagiye gukora imirimo mu bihugu duturanye no mu mahanga ya kure hagamijwe kwinjiriza igihugu amadovize menshi yakoreshwa mu kubeshaho neza imiryango yabo no mu iterambere.

(7) Hazashyirwaho Ishuri rikuru ritegura ku buryo bwihariye abazaba abayobozi b’igihugu.

5.Gusaranganya imishinga y’amajyambere bizaba itegeko ridakuka:

(1) Buri Murenge uzahabwa umushinga-fatizo nibura umwe ushobora guhemba abantu 1000.

(2) Hazubakwa umuhanda mugari cyane (Autoroute) uhuza intara zose z’igihugu.

(3)Imyaka ibiri ya mbere ya manda yacu izaharirwa KWIYUBAKA kuri buri Munyarwanda :Nta Munyarwanda uzongera gusabwa imisoro ya hato na hato, abacuruzi ntibazasabwa amahooro. Iki cyemezo kizatuma igihugu gifunguka , abacuruzi bacu bakore neza ntacyo bikanga, abashoramari b’Abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga bashishikarire kuzana imishinga yabo mu Rwanda. Igihugu cyacu kizahazamukira mu buryo bwihuse .

(4)Hazashyirwaho Komisiyo y’Igihugu yihariye ishinzwe gusuzuma ibibazo bijyanye no guha abana bose b’u Rwanda “Amahirwe Angana”( Commission Nationale Spéciale pour l’Egalité des Chances) : izarwanya ivangura iryo ariryo ryose mu gutanga akazi, amashuri, amashimwe….

(5)Imitungo y’igihugu yanyerejwe ikabitswa mu Rwanda cyangwa igahishwa mu mahanga izakurikiranwa na Leta, igarurwe mu gihugu.

6. Abihayimana b’amadini yose bakora imirimo ifitiye igihugu akamaro bazahembwa na Leta kandi bagire uruhare mu gucunga no gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga ya Leta ifitiye abaturage akamaro.

7. Amashyaka ya politiki azajya yemererwa gukorera mu gihugu nta mananiza.

Leta izajya itera amashyaka inkunga y’amafaranga akenewe muri gahunda z’ishyaka. Amashyaka azasabwa kugira uruhare rugaragara mu guhugura Abanyarwanda no kubatoza inzira iboneye ya demokarasi, kubasobanurira amategeko ariho mu gihugu n’imikorere y’ubucamanza.

8. Itangazamakuru ryigenga rizahabwa agaciro, rirengerwe n’amategeko y’igihugu kandi Leta iritere inkunga igaragara (guhugura abanyamakuru, imfashanyo y’amafaranga n’ibikoresho)

9. Hazashyirwaho umutwe w’ingabo ibihumbi bitanu gusa (5000) bazobereye mu byerekeye kurinda igihugu .

(1) U Rwanda ntiruzongera gushoza intambara mu bihugu duturanye.

(2) Ingabo zizakurwa mu giturage zituzwe mu bigo bya gisilikari bizwi kandi byemewe n’amategeko.

(3) Urubyiruko rwose rw’abahungu n’abakobwa rugejeje ku myaka 18 rubyemera ruzatozwa ibya gisilikari mu gihe cy’umwaka, mu rwego rwo kwitegura kwirwanaho u Rwanda ruramutse rutewe.

(4) Umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu uzarindwa na Polisi gusa.

(5)Abahoze mu ngabo z’igihugu bazoroherezwa kwinjira mu buzima busanzwe : Guhabwa indi imirimo, gusubizwa mu mashuri, kwigishwa imyuga izabafasha kubaho….

(6)Imitwe y’iterabwoba yiswe Abalokodifensi( Local Defense forces) n’Inkeragutabara izaseswa, kandi abayitwaje mu guhungabanya umutekano n’uburenganzira by’abaturage bakurikiranwe n’ubutabera.

10. Gucyura impunzi no gutuza abanyarwanda aheza bizitabwaho cyane.

(1)Abanyarwanda bose bagizwe Impunzi bazashishikarizwa gutaha ku bwende, bakirwe neza mu gihugu kandi bafashwe gusubirana imitungo yabo.

(2)Hazabaho politiki yizwe neza yo gutuza Abanyarwanda mu migi iciriritse irimo amazi meza n’amashanyarazi kugirango bashobore kwihangira imirimo kandi haboneke n’ubutaka butazuye bugenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi.

UMWANZURO

Ni nde se utabona ko ibi byemezo biri mu bushobozi bwacu kandi ko biramutse bishyizwe mu bikorwa, u Rwanda rwahindura isura, ikarushaho kuba nziza, mu gihe gito ?

Muri make, “philosophie” ibiri inyuma yagaragarira buri wese tuyihiniye muri izi ngingo uko ari umunani :

(1)Ishingiro ry’Igenabitekerezo(Idéologie) ry’Ishyaka Ishema ni izi ndangagaciro: UKURI-UBUTWARI-UGUSARANGANYA.

(2) Kugira ngo u Rwanda rugire umutekano nyawo, intwaro za kirimbuzi zigomba kugabanuka mu gihugu (démilitarisation).

(3) Iterambere Abanyarwanda bifuza si iryihariwe n’Agatsiko gato ahubwo ni irisangiwe na bose (Juste redistribution des richesses).

(4) Ishema ry’ubuyobozi bukunzwe n’abaturage, si ukwikanyiza, kunyereza no kwikubira, ahubwo ni ubutwari bwo kubungabunga no guteza imbere inyungu rusange (Sauvegarde de l’Intérêt général).

(5) Umutekano w’akarere kose k’Ibiyanga bigari ntuzatangwa na politiki ya mpatsibihugu na gashozantambara, ahubwo uzaturuka ku kubaha abaturanyi no gukorana nabo mu mahoro (politique d’intégration pacifique).

(6) Umubano mwiza n’amahanga ntushingirwa ku kwirarira, kwishongora no kuregaguzwa, ahubwo uzashingira imizi ku bushake bwacu bwo kubaka igihugu kitunyuze ariko tukanamenya kandi tukubahiriza inyungu z’abadutera inkunga.

(7) Ubwiyunge bw’Abanyarwanda ntibuzazanwa na disikuru z’ibinyoma n’ibaruzamibare rififitse ahubwo buzaturuka ku kureshya kw’abaturage bose imbere y’amategeko, guha urubyiruko amahirwe angana no guha rubanda ijambo ikavuga ikiyinyuze n’icyo igaya (liberté d’expression).

(8)Iyi gahunda yo kuzahura igihugu nishyirwa mu bikorwa uko yakabaye izakuraho burundu urwitwazo rw’umwiryane hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi washenye byinshi.

Harakabaho u Rwanda rwigenga n’Abanyarwanda bahumeka ituze n’amahoro.

Chaste Gahunde

Umunyamabanga mukuru wungirije ushinzwe Itaramakuru n’itangazamakuru