Ese Theogene Rudasingwa koko arahumura Abanyarwanda?

Guhumura cyangwa gusinziriza ubwenge?

Muri iyi minsi ishize, umuhuzabikorwa mukuru wa RNC Theogene Rudasingwa abandanyije mu gukurikiranya amagambo n’inyandiko avuga ko zigamije guhumura abatutsi n’abahutu. Bamwe ngo kuko nibadahumuka Kagame azabamarisha, abandi nabo akabamara. Bivuze ko Kagame yiyicira abahutu naho abatutsi bo akabicisha akoresheje abandi bantu. Ibyavugwa ku magambo n’inyandiko za Rudasingwa ni byinshi, kandi koko hari benshi babivuzeho banabyandikaho. Ahubwo hari n’abavuze ko iriya ari intambwe nziza yageza abatutsi n’abahutu ku bwiyunge. Icyo ngamije rero si ugusubira mu magambo yo gupima no gucishiriza ibyavuzwe n’ibyanditswe, ahubwo ni ukubaza Rudasingwa n’abandi basomye bakanumva amagambo ye uburyo inyandiko ze zabahumura niba koko bari bahumye. Ese ubundi koko abatutsi n’abahutu ni impumyi zahumurwa n’ibikubiye mu nyandiko nk’izi? Baramutse banahumye se, ziriya nyandiko za Rudasingwa yumva hari iki gitangaje zahishuye cyatuma amaso yabo afunguka nk’akozweho n’urutoki rwa Yezu w’I Nazareti, bakava mu mwijima bakajya mu mucyo?

Mu nyandiko igenewe abatutsi n’ubwo Rudasingwa yavuze asa n’aho na we yishyira mu bagomba guhumuka, bigomba kumvikana ko umuntu uburira abandi we ari uko aba asanze hari ibyo yabonye abandi batabonye, bikaba byamuhumuye amaso, ndetse yizeye ko n’abandi nibabibona cyangwa bakabyumva na bo bahita bahumuka. Mu igenewe abahutu, na bo ababwira ko nibakomeza guhuma Kagame azabamara, bakazajya kwibuka gukanguka barashize! Icyo twakwibaza rero ni igishya amagambo n’inyandiko za Theogene Rudasingwa zaba zaramenyesheje abatutsi n’abahutu batari bazi, ku buryo noneho baheraho babona ibyo batabonaga mbere, bikabatera guhumuka.

Ku muntu nk’uriya w’umunyabwenge, wabaye umunyamabanga mukuru wa FPR Inkotanyi igihe kirekire akanayobora ibiro bya Kagame, kandi akaba avuga ko ubu yitandukanyije n’ikinyoma-kiyobyabwenge cya FPR, iyo avuze ati nimuhumuke, abantu bagombye kwitega ko abagezaho amabanga akomeye we azi bo batazi, kuyahishurirwa bikaba byatuma badakomeza kugwa mu mutego w’ikinyoma nka mbere. Iyo umuntu nk’uriya avuze rero cyangwa akandika, abenshi bagira amatsiko, kuko baba barekereje ngo wenda noneho agiye kutugezaho ya mabanga azatwereka tendond’Achille ya Kagame. Ni kenshi abashinze RNC bavuye mu ndiri y’agatsiko k’abicanyi ba FPR bagiye bizeza abanyarwanda ko bazabahishurira amabanga yatuma badakomeza kugwa mu mitego ya Kagame, ariko abenshi muri twe twarategereje amaso ahera mu kirere. Twabwiwe ko amabanga azabwirwa ubucamanza aho gushyirwa ku karubanda, ariko kugeza ubu n’abacamanza bakurikirana iby’ubwicanyi bwakozwe na FPR-Inkotanyi, mu gihe Rudasingwa abahereye ubuhamya, nta kintu gishya babwiwe tutari dusanwe tuzi.

Ese ahubwo umuhuzabikorwa mukuru wa RNC ntiyaba ashaka gushyira abanyarwanda mu isinzirizabwenge (hypnosis) ngo bibagirwe ubwicanyi bukabije bamwe mu bayobozi bakuru b’ishyaka rye bazwiho, byose byitirirwe Kagame n’agatsiko kamuri iruhande uyu munsi, naho agatsiko kari kamukikije ejobundi hashize kiyuhagire kihindure ak’abere?

1.Kuhagira abicanyi b’Inkotanyi amahano yabo yose akitirirwa Kagame

N’ubwo Rudasingwa asa n’aho atwita impumyi zigomba guhumuka, icyatugaragariye cyane kuva kera ni uko ubwicanyi Rudasingwa ashaka gutsindira agatsiko kari ku butegetsi ubungubu, bwatangiye kera bwadukanye n’intambara Inkotanyi zashoje. Ndetse bwageze ku ntera yo hejuru cyane (ubwicanyi mu baturage ba Byumba na Ruhengeri 1990-1994, abatutsi bo mu Bugesera, abagogwe n’abatutsi bo muri Zaire 1992-1993, ubwicanyi bwo kurimbura imbaga mu gufata igihugu 1994, Kibeho 1995, impunzi z’abahutu muri Zaire kuva 1996 kugeza ubu, ubwicanyi ndimburambaga mu gihe cy’intambara yiswe iy’Abacengezi, n’ubundi bwinshi umuntu atarondora ahangaha ngo aburangize) mu gihe we na bagenzi be bafatanyije gushinga RNC ari bo bari abatoni bakuru bo muri ako gatsiko. Kuba Kagame n’abambari be, ndetse n’ingwe zibahagarikiye barakomeje kubipfukirana, si byo byahinduye abanyarwanda impumyi, kuko n’ubwo babuze uruvugiro, nta na kimwe batabonye, nta na kimwe batazi. Cum tacent, clamant, nk’uko umuhanga yigeze kuvuga (ngo kuba bacecetse ni nk’urusaku rwo gutabaza).

Hari benshi rero bavuga ko iyo umuntu asomye ibyo Rudasingwa yandika, yakwibwira ko ubugome bw’Inkotanyi bwatangiye aho we na Gahima , Karegeya na Nyamwasa baziviriyemo, nk’ aho bakiri kw’isonga ya FPR Inkotanyi zari agatsiko k’abagwaneza, zigahinduka agatsiko k’abicanyi ari uko bo bavuze ko bavuyemo. Ibyo rero ni byo bisa n’isinzirizabwenge aho guhumura abantu. Mu gushaka kugereka amabi yose y’inkotanyi ku muntu umwe (na bake bakimuri iruhande), Rudasingwa akunda kugaragaza ko abicanyi ruharwa b’abatutsi nta cyaha na kimwe bari bakwiye kubarwaho mu gihe bitandukanyije na Kagame kuko yaba ari we mwicanyi wenyine. Urugero muri iyi nyandiko yandikiwe abatutsi ni aho agira ati:

[Kagame]”Yakoresheje abanyamulenge arangije arabata. Yazamuye Nkunda arangije amwigiza iruhande. Y’imitse Ntaganda arangije aramuta, ubu Ntaganda ari La Haye abazwa ibyaha bikwiriye kubazwa Kagame. Ubu Makenga nabagenzi bari mu mazi abira, kuko nabo bazi neza ibyo Kagame abageneye.”

Ubwo se RNC irashaka kutwumvisha ko Ntaganda azira ubusa, ko nta cyo yagombye kubazwa kandi byose byarakozwe na Kagame musa? Abamwise Terminator se, ubwo bose bigizaga nkana cyangwa ni uko nabo ari impumyi? Ntaganda se, koko yabaga gusa abazaniye ubutumwa bwa Kagame? Kuba mu mahano atabarika yabereye muri Congo-Zaire RNC yo ikiyishishikaje cyane ari akarengane ka Ntaganda na Makenga waba ageze mu mazi abira, biragaragaza ko umusonga wa miliyoni z’abishwe agashinyaguro bazize ubwibone bw’abicanyi bahagarariye FPR muri Kivu n’ahandi utayibuza gusinzira.

Naho mugenzi we Karegeya, muri za interviews ze yagiranye na RFI ndetse na C. Braeckman yakomeje kugaragaza ko agishyigikiye ubwicanyi bwarimbuye abahutu n’abanyekongo mu ntambara yo kwigarurira Zaire 1996-1997. Ngo icyo atashyigikiye ni intambara ya kabiri ya Congo. None se abo bantu bakoze ubwicanyi na n’ubu bakaba bacyigamba (kujigamba) ko bakibushigikiye, nabo bazatubwira ngo ibyabo nibibazwe Kagame wenyine? Niba uko ari ko guhumuka Rudasingwa na RNC batwifuriza, njye mpisemo kwigumira mu buhumyi bwanjye.

Inama ya mbere Rudasingwa agira abicanyi kabuhariwe barimbuye imbaga muri Kongo no mu Rwanda barimo ba Nkunda, Ntaganda na Makenga, ngo ni ukwitandukanya na Kagame gusa:

“ Mu maguru mashya abavandimwe bacu bo muri Congo bakwiriye kwitandukanya na Kagame mu maguru mashya. Makenga nabagenzi be, nabo bayoboye begutinya nibahite bitandukanya na Kagame. Makenga yegere bagenzi be bahoze bayobowe na Ntaganda na Nkunda, abanyamulenge nabandi batutsi bo muri Congo bakwiriye kureba uko bafatanya bakumva umwanzi wambere wo kurwanywa ni Kagame n’agatsiko ke.”

Ibi birasa n’aho bisobanura ko baramutse bemeye kwitandukanya na Kagame, bariya batutsi bamaze kugarika miliyoni zisaga 8 z’abanyekongo nta kindi baba babazwa, bahindurwa abere. Ubwo se, abantu biciwe na Terminator, Nkundabatware, Mutebutsi na Makenga ndetse n’Inkotanyi nyinshi zakoranye na bo, Rudasingwa yumva agahinda bazagakira bate izo nyangabirama zihinduwe abere n’ijambo rimwe ryo kuvuga ngo ntibagikorera Kagame? Ubundi se ahubwo ko bamukoreye bakanamwitangira, ibyo batari bakora ni ibiki baba baramiye baramutse bitandukanyije na we mu gihe bamaze kuneshwa no kumeneshwa? Ese u Rwanda RNC itwifuriza ni urwo abantu nk’abo barimbuye abandi bicaramo bakaganza, amahano yose bakoze akibagirana?

2.Gukomeza guhishira amabanga ya FPR kandi ari yo yazahaje igihugu

Kandi rero muri ubwo buryo bwo gukingira ikibaba ubwicanyi bukabije bwakozwe n’Inkotanyi, hakomeza kuzamo ukujijisha abantu no gutanga ibisobanuro bivuguruzanya, umuntu akibaza aho Rudasingwa ahagaze akayoberwa. Urugero natanga ni ibyo yavuze mu kiganiro yagiranye na Radio Itahuka cyo ku wa 07 Werurwe 2012, aho avuga ko Kagame yatangiye kugaragaza ubugome ndengakamere mu bwicanyi bwabereye muri Lubero Triangle mu ntambara yo mu Buganda, ariko umunyamakuru yamubaza uburyo yashoboye gukorana akanacudika igihe kirekire n’umwicanyi nk’uwo, Rudasingwa agasa n’usubiye inyuma agashaka kumvikanisha ko ibibi bya Kagame byaje buhoro buhoro, ko bagifata u Rwanda nta kibazo gikomeye bari bafite, ko FPR yari nziza ahubwo ibibi bikavumbuka kubera ko ngo Kagame nyuma yaje kurusha FPR ingufu akayigarurira.

Iyo bigeze aho guhakana ubwicanyi bwa FPR, Rudasingwa ntazuyaza no gukomeza guhishira Kagame. Ariko kubera ibibi byakozwe byarenze amahanga bikanabonwa na benshi, gushaka guhishira Kagame nta wabishobora ativuguruje muri byinshi, n’ubwo yaba afite ubuhanga bungana bute. None se ubwo bwicanyi bwatangiriye Lubero, bugakomereza i Byumba, ndetse hakanicwa benshi mu bana b’abatutsi b’abanyabwenge babaga baje gufasha Inkotanyi kurwana, ibyo byose Rudasingwa nta cyo yabimenyeho? Jonathan Musonera se bahuriye mu ishyaka, ko asobanura uburyo yakijijwe n’Imana abicanyi b’Inkotanyi mu gihe yari agiye kuzifasha urugamba, ubuhamya bwe na bwo Theogene Rudasingwa yatubwira ko atari yabwumva?

Nk’uko nabivuze hejuru, nta washidikanya ko Rudasingwa ari umunyabwenge cyane nk’uko abigaragaza mu mvugo no mu nyandiko, cyane cyane izanditse mu rurimi rw’icyongereza. Igitangaje ariko ni uko umuntu w’umunyabwenge ahora adusubiriramo utuntu duke twe dusanzwe tuzi mu bwicanyi bwa kirimbuzi Inkotanyi zakoze kuva kera na we azirimo, agasa n’aho abwira abantu ko ari ibyo bintu batari bazi, ko abibamenyesheje ngo bakanguke batari barimburwa na Kagame. Ese Rudasingwa biriya bintu avuga abimenye vuba aho aviriye mu Nkotanyi ku buryo yumva ari ikintu gishyashya cyane azanye? Niba se abimenye vuba, hari abanyarwanda yabajije bamubwira ko nabo batari bazi ko Inkotanyi zari ziyobowe na ba Kagame, Karegeya, Kayumba na Rudasingwa zarimbuye abatutsi n’abahutu?

Biragoye kumvikanisha ko ababaga mu myanya yo ku isonga muri ubwo bwicanyi batabumenye, kuko bagenzi babo bo ku ijwi ry’inyabutatu bo bavuze“akari i Murori” bakerekana ko iyicwa ry’abatutsi mu Bugesera, ibitero byo kurimbura Abagogwe ndetse no kwica abatutsi bo muri Zaire ngo bashyamirane n’andi moko, byose byari uburiganya bwateguwe na FPR igamije kubona uburyo n’imbaraga zo kugarura ubutegetsi bwikubiwe na bake nk’uko bwariho mbere ya Revolution yo muri 1959. Niba se ubwo bwicanyi bwapanzwe na FPR ayibereye umunyamabanga mukuru akomeje kubwitaza akabwitiria MRND kandi Lt Abdul Ruzibiza wo mu nkotanyi ndetse n’abanyamakuru b’Ijwi ry’Inyabutatu baramaze guhishura uko inkotanyi zabuteguye, yumva azaduhumura ate?

3.Gukomeza gusiga Abahutu icyaha mu bwinshi

Mu nyandiko igamije guhumura Abahutu, Rudasingwa aragira ati:

“Muri 1994 Kagame yakongeje umuriro, mu gikorwa cyo kurasa indege yaguyemo Perezida Habyarimana, Perezida Ntaryamira n’abandi. Ibyo byabaye imbarutso y’itangira rya jenoside yahitanye abatutsi, n’iyicwa ry’abahutu batagira ingano,bicwa na bene wabo.

Kuva muri 1994 abahutu bose basizwe icyaha « cy’inkomoko » , bahindurwa abagenocidaire […]

Ubu mu Rwanda, mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, Afurika, n’ahandi ku isi hose abahutu babaye ruvumwa, bitwa abicanyi. Mu banyafurika n’abandi banyamahanga iyo uvuze jenoside abantu bahita bumva umuhutu. FPR nibyo yigishije kugeza kuri aya magingo.”

Nyamara uruhare rukomeye Rudasingwa, Nyamwasa, Karegeya na Gahima bagize mu gusiga icyasha cya genocide abahutu bose si urwo gushidikanywaho kuko na Rudasingwa ubwe yemeye imbere y’abanyarwanda uburyo yamaze imyaka myinshi yamamaza ibinyoma bya FPR. Cyane cyane mukuru we Gahima wari umushinjacyaha mukuru w’Inkotanyi,abo yahimbiye ibinyoma n’abo yicishije mu karengane uwababara ntiyabarangiza. Igitangaje rero ahubwo, ni uko n’ubwo abo bavuga ko ubu bitandukanyije na FPR, mu nyandiko n’amagambo yabo basa n’aho izo nyigisho za FPR zo batari babona uburozi n’ubumara bifite kandi ari bwo bworetse igihugu cyacu. Imyifatire n’ibikorwa by’Inkotanyi nta cyo Rudasingwa na bagenzi babikema, ikibabangamiye ahubwo ngo ni uko Kagame n’abo bita agatsiko ke batakomeje umurongo n’imigambi y’Inkotanyi kandi icyo zari zigamije ubu twese turakizi, ndetse n’abari barajijishijwe mbere na bo bamaze kukibona.

Uko Rudasingwa ashishikarira kwerekana ko abatutsi nka Terminator, Nyamwasa, Nkunda na Ntaganda batagombye kubarwaho ubwicanyi kubera ko ari umwihariko wa Kagame, ni na ko adahwema kwerekana ko abahutu bo bagomba gushinjwa ibyaha mu bwinshi. Nk’uko bigaragara muri aya magambo ye nandukuruye hejuru, kuri we, abatutsi bishwe n’abahutu, ndetse n’abahutu bose bapfuye bishwe na benewabo ! Ubwo ahari abahutu miliyoni nyinshi zishwe n’abatutsi b’Inkotanyi ashobora kuba atari yumva bavugwa. Abatutsi batagira ingano bishwe n’abandi batutsi nk’uko ikiganiro‘akari I Murori’ cyabitangaje ndetse na lieutenant Abdul Ruzibiza akaba yarabisobanuye, bishobora kuba bitaramugera ku matwi.

Ubwicanyi bukabije Interahamwe zakoreye abatutsi turabuzi kandi nta munyarwanda ushyira mu gaciro budateye intimba. Ariko kubwitirira abahutu utarobanuye ntibihumura abacikacumu, ahubwo bitera urujijo kuko bihishira uruhare Inkotanyi zabugizemo. Kubwira abahutu bishwe n’inkotanyi ko bishwe na benewabo, ni agashinyaguro, si ko guhumura abahutu, kuko benewabo babaga mu nkotanyi nka Bizimungu na Kanyarengwe, Rudasingwa na we ubwe yiyemereye ko bari udukingirizo atari bo bafataga ibyemezo byo kurimbura.

Ubwicanyi bw’Inkotanyi bwari indengakamere ku buryo Ruzibiza we yanditse avuga ko ushaka kumenya icyateye genocide agomba guhera ku mahano Inkotanyi zakoreye Abanyabyumba n’abandi aho zanyuraga hose. Sinzi rero impamvu Rudasingwa ndetse na RNC ye bo babona abo bantu nta kintu na kimwe bagomba kubazwa, nk’ aho Kagame wenyine yaba yari gushobora kwica miliyoni zisaga icumi (z’abahutu n’abanyakongo) iyo atagira ababimushyigikiramo bitwikiriye systeme ya FPR na n’ubu igikomeza.

Kubera rero ko ziriya ari inyandiko n’amagambo by’umuntu uhagarariye ishyaka rivuga ko na ryo riharanira demokrasi n’ubwiyunge bw’abanyarwanda, abantu bari bakwiye guhagarara bakibaza niba iyo myumvire ashaka kubinjizamo igamije ubwiyunge koko bwa nyakuri cyangwa niba ishobora kurambya (perpétuer) ubusumbane hagati y’abahutu n’abatutsi . Mu gihe umuntu uhagarariye ishyaka rya politiki aharanira ko ibyaha bya bamwe byitwa genocide, ariko ubwicanyi ndengakamere ndetse buvanze n’agashinyaguro bw’abandi bwo bukaba bugomba kworoswa amagambo aryohereye, bukibagirana nk’aho abishwe n’inkotanyi batagiraga umubiri uva amaraso, tugomba kwibaza icyo u Rwanda rw’ejo rwatugezaho ruramutse ruyobowe na RNC igendera ku bitekerezo nka biriya bitangazwa n’ umuhuzabikorwa wayo.

Umwanzuro

Abenshi muri twe, iyo dusomye inyandiko za Theogene Rudasingwa, zidukangurira guhumukabidutera kwibaza uburyo kudusubiriramo utuntu duke mu bintu byinshi dusanzwe tuzi bizadufasha gutera intambwe yo kuzana demokrasi, ubwiyunge n’ubwisanzure bw’abana b’u Rwanda bose. Si ukugaya imigambi iboneye Theogene Rudasingwa yaba afite yo kugera ku bwiyunge yaba ituma atanga ibitekerezo nka biriya, ahubwo ni ugushaka gusobanukirwa niba uburyo ibyo bitekerezo byanditswe butarushaho kudushyira mu rujijo kandi umwanditsi agamije kuduhumura.

Kuri twe twarimburiwe abavandimwe bacu b’abatutsi n’abahutu biturutse cyane cyane ku bwicanyi butarobanura FPR yadukanye mu gihugu cyacu kuva yatera muri 1990 kugeza ubu, ikibangamiye imibereho yacu ni FPR-Inkotanyi n’ibyayo byose n’ibyo idushukisha byose, mu dutsiko twayigize twose kuva yashingwa igamije gukomeza amatwara y’umurongo wa politiki yokwimakaza ubutegetsi butunzwe (buvukanwa) kandi bufite ba nyirabwo; mu gihe abo Rudasingwa asaba guhumuka bo bifuza kandi baharanira amatwara y’umurongo wa politiki y’ubutegetsi butangwa kandi bukorera rubanda. Aho guhumura abantu rero nk’uko abishyira mu mutwe w’inyandiko ze, ahubwo Rudasingwa asa n’aho akomeje guhatira abantu inyigisho yateguye akiri muri FPR, ubu akaba azisiga utugambo turyohereye dushobora kuyobya abatazi icyo RNC igamije. Cyakora ku bantu basomye ubusesenguzi bwa Edmond Munyangaju burebana n’imirongo ya politike yo mu banyarwanda, umurongo RNC ihatanira urumvikana.

Gushaka kwitirira ubwicanyi bw’Inkotanyi umuntu umwe ukuhagira abicanyi bose b’inkotanyi, ntibihumura abahutu cyangwa abatutsi ahubwo bibashora mu rundi rujijo rugamije kubasinziriza ngo bibagirwe amahano bakorewe kandi ibikomere by’ubwicanyi bagiriwe bikiri bibisi kuko abenshi muri bo batigeze bahabwa n’akanya ko kujya mu kiliyo ngo baterekere ababo Inkotanyi zishe, abasigaye zikababuza uruvugiro.

Abahutu n’Abatutsi rero bashaka gutera intambwe y’ubwiyunge ahubwo bari bakwiriye kwitandukanya n’abicanyi ruharwa abo ari bo bose, baba ab’abatutsi cyangwa ab’abahutu, igihugu cyacu kikayoborwa n’ abantu batigeze barangwaho amahano yatewe n’ubwicanyi bw’Inkotanyi bukikirizwa n’ubw’Interahamwe. Abo bantu kandi barahari, ni benshi mu batutsi, mu batwa no mu bahutu, kandi bafite n’ubushobozi n’ubushake bwo kuba bakunga abanyarwanda bakanabayobora neza.

Kabashoga Alexander

“Nyuma ya M23, hagiye kurwanywa FDLR”: Ambasaderi w’Ubufaransa muri L’ONU.

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Ambassadeur Gérard Araud

Leta ya Uganda iratangaza ko yafashe umuyobozi wa gisirikare wa M23 n’abafasha be ba hafi. Uyu muyobozi Sultani Makenga nta makuru amwerekeye yari azwi kuva aho M23 itangarije ko irangije ibikorwa byo kwigomeka ku butegetsi bwa Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo, ibi bikaba byatumaga benshi bakeka ko arimo kongera gusuganya ingabo ze ngo yongere agabe ibitero.

Abakora ubusesenguzi basanga intsinzi y’ingabo za Congo nta wayizera kuko icya ngombwa gikenewe ari amahoro kandi hakaba hari indi mitwe myinshi iyabangamiye.

Umusirikare mukuru wa Uganda utashatse kwivuga izina yatangarije ibiro ntaramakuru Reuters ko kuwa gatatu tariki ya 6 Ugushyingo 2013 Makenga yishyikirije ingabo za Uganda ari kumwe na bamwe mu ba commanda be. Uyu musirikare yongeyeho ko aho izi nyeshyamba za M23 zicumbikiwe hazakomeza kugirwa ibanga kugeza imishyikirano y’amahoro hagati ya Leta ya Congo na M23 izaba imaze gushyirwaho umukono.

Abakurikiranira hafi ibibera muri aka karere basanga iki cyemezo cya Leta ya Uganda gifitanye isano n’ibyo Umunyamabanga wa Department ya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika John Kerry aherutse gutangaza mu ijwi ry’umuvugizi ndetse bigasubirwamo n’intumwa ye yihariye mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari Russ Feingold. Bavuze ko inyeshyamba za M23 zakoze ibyaha by’intambara n’ibyaha byibasira inyokomuntu zigomba gukanirwa uruzikwiye. Bwana Feingold yatangaje kuwa gatatu tariki ya 6 Ugushyingo ko amasezerano adahana abanyabyaha atazashyigikirwa na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ndetse n’abahagarariye umuryango w’ibihugu by’u Burayi kandi ko na Congo itazayashyiraho umukono.

Umuvugizi w’ingabo za Uganda Captain Ronald Kakurungu, we atangaza ko abarwanyi ba M23 bagera ku 1500 bahungiye ku butaka bwa Uganda, uyu mubare ukaba ari munini ugereranyije n’ibyo bamwe bakekaga ko M23 yashize urusorongo. Ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko imirwano hagati ya M23 na Leta ya Congo, koko yaranzwe no kwiruka kuri M23 aho guhangana no kurwana kugeza kuwa nyuma nk’uko Makenga yari yarabivuze.

FDLR ishobora guterwa

Umuvugizi w’umuryango w’abibumbye we yavuze ko ingabo z’uwo muryango ziri muri Congo zahaye gasopo indi mitwe iri mu burasirazuba bwa Congo cyane cyane FDLR. Mu ijambo yagejeje ku kanama gashinzwe umutekano, uhagarariye Ubufaransa mu muryango w’abibumbye Bwana Gerard Araud yavuze ko Inyeshyamba za FDLR arizo zigiye gukurikizwaho nyuma yo kurwanya no gutsinsura M23. Cyakora umukuru w’ingabo za Monusco we yavuze ko bazarinda umupaka w’u Rwanda na Congo kugira ngo FDLR itinjirana intwaro mu Rwanda, uhagarariye u Rwanda we agasanga FDLR yari ikwiye kurwanywa nk’uko M23 bayirwanyije. Twibutse ko kurwanya FDLR byarakozwe kuva mu myaka 17 ishize ndetse byageze aho Congo yemerera u Rwanda kohereza ingabo muri Congo ku mugaragaro ngo zifatanye n’iza Congo guhiga FDLR cyakora byarananiranye.

Leta y’u Rwanda ivuga ko Ingabo za Congo zifitanye umubano na FDLR cyakora na FDLR sindumva ibihakana. Biramutse ari byo, nta cyo byamara cyane mu gihe brigade ya MONUSCO yaba ishaka kurasa mu birindiro bya FDLR kuko umuryango w’abibumbye kimwe n’ibihugu by’ibihangange ari byo bitegeka igikorwa. Hagati aho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ziratangaza ko ziteguye kongera gufasha u Rwanda mu bya gisirikare mu gihe ruzaba rutagifasha M23.

Kubera uburyo Abanyarwanda benshi bababaye muri iki gihe bakaba bashaka uwabakiza ubutegetsi bw’agatsiko ka FPR, uku gutsindwa kwa M23 kwavugishije amagambo menshi. Bamwe baravuga ko ari FDLR yarwanyije M23 ifatanyije na Brigade d’intervention ya MONUSCO, ndetse bakongeraho ko FDLR irahita ikomeza mu Rwanda. Aya makuru njye nsanga nta shingiro afite nkaba nsaba Abanyarwanda kwitondera ibihuha n’ubwo byaba bitanga moral.

Ba rusahuriramunduru bo batangiye kwirara mu mpunzi z’Abanyarwanda muri Uganda basaba amafranga ngo yo gushyigikira ingabo zihuriweho na FDLR ifatanyije na RNC. Twibutse ko RNC ari ishyaka ryashinzwe na Nyamwasa na bagenzi be bavuye muri FPR. Abahagarariye iyi mitwe (FDLR na RNC) bakwiye gushyira ahagaragara iby’uwo mutwe w’ingabo FDLR/RNC, cyakora abakunze kuvuga ibya FDLR bambwiye ko uwo mutwe w’ingabo (FDLR/RNC) utabaho ahubwo ko ari Leta ya Kagame ishaka kubyinjiza mu myemerere mpuzamahanga.

Tubitege amaso twitonze ari na ko dushishoza, kuko ukuri kuryana kuruta ikinyoma gitanga moral. Ibi binyibutsa umunyamakuru watubwiraga ngo Inyenzi 200 zateye twicamo 300 izisigaye zikwira imishwaro, maze abantu bakabyina ngo Inyenzi zatsinzwe. Abantu bagiraga moral ntibabashe no kwibaza ukuntu maganabiri ukuramo magatatu hakagira n’izisigara?! Uko byarangiye twarabibonye.

Chaste Gahunde

A Demilitarized Rwanda: From an Army with a State to a Nation without Soldiers

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Contrary to Europe of the past, post-independence Africa has rarely experienced frequent wars of conquest since the 1960s. As Patrick H. O’Neil and Ronald Rogowski note in Comparative politics, ‘Africa leaders recognized in the early 1960s that a potentially larger number of groups would want to secede from the states they are presently in, to join others or create entirely new ones. In order to prevent the continent from being thrown into the chaos of large-scale boundary change in which the stability and integrity of any state could be threatened, they created a system of explicit norms, propounded by the Organization of African Unity in 1963, which declared any change in the inherited colonial boundaries to be illegitimate.’ It has been almost fifty years now. With the exception of Eritrea separating from Ethiopia and Southern Sudan more recently, the principle of intangibility of African nations’ boundaries has generally prevailed.

There is a strong argument among scholars in political sciences which suggests that wars have generally played a significant role in state-building. Consequently, the lack of wars intended to change boundaries on the continent may be detrimental in getting to well organized states. In the case of post-genocide Rwanda the question arises of whether not participation of Paul Kagame, Rwandan president, in the two wars of Congo – 1996 and 1998 and persistently entertained hysteria about the threat of FDLR or any other Rwandan rebel movements against Kigali have somehow helped in enhancing the Rwandan state as an institution.

Rwanda is today hailed to be a well functioning state run like an army. There is numerous evidence to confirm that assertion. But the country is not unfortunately a nation-state with a sense of a common national identity. Policies related to education, justice, employment, habitat, land reform, etc that have dominated Kagame’s rule since July 4th, 1994 when his Rwandan Patriotic Front defeated Habyarimana government have made Hutus and Tutsis, respectively 85% and 14% of the Rwandan population alien from each others. Apparent gains in state-building which have been made in the last seventeen years can fall apart instantly and disappear because these two ethnic groups don’t feel sharing a common Rwandan identity. Tutsis are perceived to be more Rwandans than the rest and consequently treated more favorably by the regime in many respects.

A Tutsi army is ruling in Rwanda. Practically all institutions are led by military people, if not directly but surely indirectly. The Hutu population is marching on Kagame’s military orders. Tutsis are neither left out though they are following at a different pace. Under Habyarimana, who was also a military ruler, the country was initially led militarily but moved smoothly and quickly into more civilians participating in the running of public affairs, though there were no political openness in terms of freedom of expression. Under Kagame, Rwandans have an army with a government where military and other public functions are very intentionally intertwined to serve the supreme leader of the country.

Historically, what is the role of the army? Protecting a country against external enemies and making war to others. These are the basic functions of any traditional army. In addition there are characteristics which result from those roles. A country with an army may be perceived as weak or powerful depending on the level of sophistification of its military forces. Its responsibilities can also attract hatred against the country if its military power is being used to oppress its own people or those in directly or indirectly occupied territories of other countries (e.g. Morocco in Western Sahara and Rwanda in Eastern Congo).

The question arises of asking if a country can exist and prosper without an army. There are some cases of countries which don’t entertain any military forces for conquest purpose or at all: Switzerland with its long-standing neutrality does not get involved in armed conflicts, and Japan whose constitution states that the country does officially have no military, but only self-defense forces. With reference to what can emerge from countries coming out of wars, Germany and Japan, as vanquished sides of World War II, on top of being militarily speaking destroyed during the war, they couldn’t think of in the aftermath of rebuilding their military forces. They became occupied by victorious armies. They have since evolved and used their industrial and military genius to become economic giants. Their territorial protection is partially or significantly guaranteed by the fact they are part of military protection pacts which play as guarantor of their safety.

Can Rwanda become a country without an army? Are there any advantages of adopting such policy? Having or not having an army is a political decision that any sovereign country can take or sometime be forced into by circumstances. The destructive capacity that Rwanda has demonstrated over the last seventeen years (genocide in 1994, flows of millions of refugees in the Great Lakes region, more than five million of Congolese and Rwandan Hutu refugees killed in Democratic Republic of Congo, looting of mineral of the latter country, etc) should call the international community to impose to the Rwandan government that it shouldn’t have any army. Additionally, Rwandan security forces, instead of being there to protect citizens, it is regrettable to note that they have been persistently used to oppress, harass and persecute them.

The main advantage for a country of not having an army is that this removes any military threat coming from it towards other nations. Internal oppression against its own people may become less acute or inexistent because of lack of manpower, resources or instruments to apply it. There will be more freedom for its citizens to express themselves and participate fully in all aspects of their country’s life. Political leaders will not have any more platforms to sustain their eventual authoritarian or dictatorial tendencies. Resources usually and excessively allocated to security forces will be channeled into other beneficial programs (education, health, infrastructure, agriculture, technology, retraining the military whose careers would consequently change, etc) for the good of the whole population. There will be eventually more democracy than before.

Switzerland is a country with long-standing neutrality and a limited military force. It is very developed. Rwanda used to be compared to it because of its similar hilly and mountainous geography. Can the small East African nation like its European peer move from its current situation of an army with a government into a prosperous nation without a traditional army with thousands of soldiers? If this path could be seriously looked into by Rwandan politicians seeking positive change and the country’s partners, the benefits could ultimately outnumber the costs for many stakeholders of the prevailing context.

What do you think of the views expressed here?

Source:http://therisingcontinent.wordpress.com/2011/05/16/a-demilitarized-rwanda-from-an-army-with-a-state-to-a-nation-without-soldiers/

PDP-Imanzi vs FPR -Inkotanyi: Intambara ni nk’indi.

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Mu gihe Ishyaka PDP Imanzi rya Nyakubahwa Mushayidi Deogratias ryari rimaze iminsi ryemerewe gukora congres iritangiza ku mugaragaro, Kagame yategetse ko ubwo burenganzira bukurwaho. Ibi rero bitandukanye n’ibyo Kagame yari aherutse kuvuga ubwo yaganiraga n’urubyiruko mu mbwirwaruhamwe benshi bise Kirimbuzi, aho yategekaga abana b’Abahutu gusaba imbabazi z’ibyaha ba se na ba sekuru bakoze babishaka cyangwa batabishaka. Muri iyi mbwirwaruhame Kagame yavuze ko nta mpamvu yo kwangira ishyaka rya politiki kwiyandikisha, ariko yongeraho ko uzibeshya akavuga ibyo FPR idashaka kumva atazamenya ikimukubise. Ryari iterabwoba asanganywe, ariko Abanyarwanda ntibajya bafata bikino ikintu Kagame avuze kubera ko ibyaha by’ubwicanyi bw’urukozasoni yagiye akora byamuhaye igitinyiro nk’umuntu utagira umutima wa kimuntu. Ngo “ntawe utinya ijoro ahubwo atinya icyo barihuriyemo”.

Iri shyaka PDP-Imanzi ryashinzwe na Deo Mushayidi ryigaragaje ko ryavumbuye hakiri kare ko Kagame atigeze akunda Abatutsi kuva urugamba rwa FPR rwatangira. Uretse kubarasa no kubakubita agafuni kugira ngo abishinje ingabo za Leta ya Habyarimana (na zo ubwazo zanyuzagamo zikamerera nabi Abatutsi), Kagame ntiyigeze agaragaza kwita ku Batutsi babaga mu Rwanda. Kagame icyo yari yimirije imbere kwari ugufata ubutegetsi bwose akabugira ubwe, kandi yari aziko nta ntsinzi itagira ibitambo. “A vaincre sans périr, on triomphe sans gloire”( Uramutse utsinze utagize icyo utakaza, nta gaciro intsinzi iba ifite). Hari benshi bemeza ko Kagame na we ajya avuga ko utarya umureti (omelette) utabanje kumena amagi.

Kagame akimara gufata ubutegetsi kubyina intsinzi byarushije kunamira abapfuye. Ibi na byo bikagaragaza ko atababajwe n’urupfu Abatutsi bapfuye. Ikindi cyiyongereyeho ni uko iyo witegereje usanga icyo Kagame yamariye abacitse ku icumu ari nta gaciro. Reka dufate urugero ku muntu wacitse ku icumu, aho gushishikarizwa kujya mu ishuri no gukora amahugurwa mu myuga izatuma abasha kubona akazi, ahubwo agahora yibutswa ko nta cyo ari cyo, ko nta cyo yakwimarira( n’ubwo yaba afite amaboko n’ubwenge byo gukora ). Aho kwigishwa kuroba ifi, ahubwo atozwa kwasama ngo Kagame asukemo umufa dore ko umunopfu uba wamaze kugera mu gifu cya nyakubahwa.

Mu myaka yakurikiye genocide wasangaga hirya no hino Abatutsi bahabwa imyanya y’ubuyobozi badashoboye. Aho kugira ngo habeho formule yo kubigisha ngo bagire competitivité, bakomeje kubeshywa ko ubutegetsi ari ubwabo, cyakora bagasabwa gupfukama bagasenga Kagame wabarokoye akabavana mu menyo y’Abahutu. N’uwarokowe n’umuhutu akigishwa ko yakijijwe n’Imana. Ibi nta wabihakana, ariko rero Imana ikoresha abantu. Ibi hari Abatutsi babyemeye ariko Deo Mushayidi ntibyigeze bimubuza kureba kure.

Hamaze igihe gitoya, Abatutsi batangiye kubona ibyiza by’igihugu bigenda byikubirwa n’Abatutsi baturutse muri UGANDA bazwi ku kabyiniriro k’Abasajja. Ubundi ijambo Omusajja mu rurimi rw’ Uruganda risobanura umugabo. Nuko abari barahawe imyanya barayamburwa basigara badafite icyo bimariye ubu abenshi birirwa basabiriza urwagwa none n’urutoki Kagame yararuciye. Tutirengagije ibyo tubona mu Rwanda ntawe utabona ko Abatutsi babaga mu Rwanda mbere y’umwaduko w’Inkotanyi babayeho nabi cyane mu byerekeye no kwiyumvamo ubushobozi n’icyizere cy’ejo hazaza.

Umuntu ashobora kubaho akennye cyangwa akeneshejwe ariko akaba azi ubwenge azi kandi abona ko ibintu bishobora guhinduka isaha iyo ariyo yose akabaho neza bumuha imbaraga zo guhangana n’ibibazo ahura na byo. Abatutsi barokotse jenoside bo bahinduwe ibiburabwenge n’imburamumaro mu gihe badapfukamye ngo basenge FPR. Kubera icyunamo kidashira bahozwamo binjujijwe mu miryango nka IBUKA, AVEGA, AERG, CNLG, FARG n’izindi gahunda zinyuranye zikorerwa abacitse ku icumu gusa, aba bantu bahora mu ihahamuka, gutera imbere ntibishoboka kuko kuri bo buri munsi aba ari muri 1994. Muri make buri munsi bahora bapfushije. Abazi iby’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe (mental health) bemeza ko gahunda nk’izi Kagame na FPR ye bashyiriyeho Abatutsi barokotse jenoside zifite ingaruka mbi cyane kuko zigabanya ubushobozi bw’ubwonko kandi ibi bishobora no kugera ku bana bazabakomokaho.

Noneho igiherutse kwiyongeraho ni uko umwana w’umuhutu wese ngo agomba gusaba imbabazi. Madame Kagame na we yongeyeho gahunda ngo yitwa “Ndi Umunyarwanda” ngo igamijeko abantu bavuga amateka yabo. Wareba ugasanga abategekwa kuvuga ari Abahutu kandi ubutumwa batanga bukaba bugomba kwerekana ko Leta y’Abahutu ariyo yatumye mu Rwanda inka zidakamwa ayera. Nta wemerewa kuvuga uko FPR yamurasiye abayeyi muri Congo, nta wemerewe kuvuga uko umubyeyi we yafunzwe imyaka myinshi abeshyerwa, nta wemerewe kuvuga ko yavuye mu ishuri kuko atabasha kubona umwanya w’ishuri kuko ahorana indo ku mutwe agemuriye Nyirasenge ufunzwe aregwa kutavuga rumwe na Kagame,… Nategereje ko muri izi gahunda za Madame Jeannette zavugirwamo n’amateka mabi yaranze ingoma zabanjirije iz’Abahutu, amateka ya FPR agafuni n’akandoyi, ubwicanyi Kagame yakoze ndetse n’ubwo abandi batutsi bakoze ku mirenge hirya no hino haba mu gihe cya jenoside na nyuma yayo. Ibi na none bigirira nabi Abatutsi kuko batangira kwishyiramo ko koko nta ho bahuriye n’Abahutu kimwe n’ababakomokaho. PDP Imanzi yo ishaka ko Umuhtu n’Umututsi baganira amashirakinyoma, barangiza bagasurana bagaturana, bagasabana bagatabarana.

Deo Mushayidi yahanishijwe igihano cyo gufungwa burundu kuko yashatse gufungura amaso y’Abatutsi

Kuba PDP Imanzi yarashinzwe n’Umututsi wabaga mu Rwanda kandi akagaragaza amayeri Kagame akoresha kugira ngo yigarurire Abatutsi bacitse ku icumu, ni impamvu ikomeye yatuma iri shyaka ridahabwa uburenganzira bwo gukora. Riramutse ryemerewe gukora mu bwisanzure, Abatutsi bose basobanukirwa uburyo FPR ariyo nyirabayanzana w’amabi yagwiriye u Rwanda, kandi ko Umuhutu n’Umututsi bashobora kubana buzuzanya ako kubana baryana. Birasaba ubushishozi bwinshi kugira ngo Umututsi warokotse jenoside yumve ko ashobora kubaho FPR itariho, nyamara ni ukuri. Cyane cyane muri iyi minsi ya nyuma ya FPR, ni ngombwa ko buri wese ahitamo inzira nyayo ikwiye, kuko bimaze kugaragara ko kuba muri iri shyaka ryiyita umuryango ari nk’uwabona igiti bagitema akacyurira ngo arahunga urupfu kuko agumye hasi cyamugwira. Uyu arutwa n’inyoni kuko ngo izizi ubwenge iyo zibonye ibyo biba zitangira kwigurukira.

Uko byagenda kose PDP iramutse idatatiye umurongo wayo yazahangana na FPR kugeza Yesu agarutse ku isi.

Chaste Gahunde

Harmonization before EA Federation – RWANDA, UGANDA & KENYA youth.

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Makerere University head of Political Science and Public Administration department, Dr Simba Ssali (L), chats with some of the youths after the East African Community youth convention on EAC integration in Kampala recently.

Kampala- Uganda should first restore presidential term limits or forget about the East African federation, youth from East Africa have demanded.
The youth, comprising mainly students, argue that a federation with a country that scrapped off term limits in 2005 would be, “a suicidal move to associate with politically dishonest and unprincipled people”.

They were speaking at a three-day East Africa Community youth convention on East African integration in Kampala yesterday.

Mr Brian Atuheire, a third year student at Makerere University, said Uganda is the main culprit, you cannot tell how power will shift hands.

“As youth, we are demanding that the political questions be put on the table and honest answers given. We don’t want to go into an EAC that will be in shambles,” Mr Atuheire, said.

Mr Juma Omollo, a Kenyan student, called on East African states to first address the political issues.

“Rwanda has two seven-year term limits. They must harmonise those constitutional differences and learn from Kenya and Tanzania, otherwise that will disorganise us in the federation,” Mr Omollo, said.

The more than 100 youth also sounded alarms to Uganda, Kenya and Rwanda in what they termed a ‘tactical move to kill the EAC’.

“Killing the integration by sidelining Tanzania and Burundi is utter selfishness which must end,” Rwanda’s Mr Gashegu Muramira, a former youth ambassador to the EAC, said.

Dr Ssali Simba, the head of political science department at Makerere University advised the students to abandon tribal associations at universities as they don’t augur well for the integration.

“Identity is part of our lives. However, there is no specific problem affecting a Musoga, Muganda or Kikuyu differently. The problems affecting youth in East Africa cut across tribes. Focus on the bigger picture as East Africans rather than these small tribes that divide us,” Mr Simba, said.

Reacting to the youth’s fears that political disparities do not augur well for the federation, Mr Simba said: “Partly yes, partly no. In integration, there are issues that need harmonisation. Governance structures like term limits are extremely dangerous if some states observe them and others don’t. They have to agree on that or else the system won’t function well.”

Mid last month, experts from the East African Community member states convened a two-day forum to draft a constitution for the political federation to guide the future constitution making process which will be presented at the next Heads of State summit.

Source:http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Youth-to-government–Do-not-join-EA-federation/-/688334/2063180/-/fhnxp2/-/index.html

“Ceux qui ont tué Ghislaine Dupont et Claude Verlon devront payer” L’Elysée

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La France mettra “tous ses propres moyens en oeuvre” pour que l’assassinat de deux journalistes français au Mali ne reste “pas impuni quels qu’en soient les auteurs”, a déclaré aujourd’hui l’Élysée, interrogé sur une revendication d’al-Qaida au Maghreb islamique (Aqmi).

“La France soutient les efforts du gouvernement malien et met tous ses propres moyens en oeuvre pour que ces crimes ne restent pas impunis quels qu’en soient les auteurs”, a déclaré la présidence française à l’AFP. “La France est engagée sans relâche dans la lutte contre le terrorisme dans la région du Sahel”, a-t-elle ajouté.

Aqmi a revendiqué aujourd’hui l’assassinat, le 2 novembre, des deux journalistes français de RFI dans un communiqué publié par l’agence de presse mauritanienne en ligne Sahara Medias. “Cette opération intervient en réponse aux crimes commis par la France contre les Maliens et à l’oeuvre des forces africaines et internationales contre les musulmans de l’Azawad”, nom donné par les Touareg au nord du Mali, indique ce communiqué.

Aqmi considère aussi que l’assassinat des deux journalistes “constitue le minimum de la facture que (le président français François) Hollande et son peuple doivent payer en contrepartie de leur nouvelle croisade”, conclut le texte.

Ghislaine Dupont, 57 ans, et Claude Verlon, 55 ans, journalistes à Radio France Internationale (RFI), ont été tués à Kidal, (nord-est du Mali), peu après avoir été enlevés par un petit groupe d’hommes armés.

Source: Le Figaro

Israël/Palestine: Le secretaire d’Etat Americain, Kerry veut sauver la paix

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Le secrétaire d’Etat américain John Kerry a démarré aujourd’hui à Jérusalem un nouvelle mission au Proche-Orient avec des entretiens avec le Premier ministre israélien Benjamin Nétanyahou pour tenter de sauver des négociationsisraélo-palestiniennes en crise.

La rencontre Kerry-Nétanyahou devait débuter dans un grand hôtel de Jérusalem en début de matinée. Le secrétaire d’Etat américain se rendra ensuite à la mi-journée à Bethléem, en Cisjordanie, pour s’entretenir avec le président palestinien Mahmoud Abbas.
Ce nouveau round de discussions relancées en juillet, après près de trois ans d’interruption, se déroule dans une atmosphère de crise.

Les Palestiniens ont fait part hier soir de leur refus de poursuivre les négociations tant que la colonisation israélienne continuerait. À la veille de la visite de Kerry, Israël a lancé dimanche des appels d’offre pour construire près de 2.000 logements en Cisjordanie occupée et à Jérusalem-Est annexée.

Source: http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2013/11/06/97001-20131106FILWWW00328-israelpalestine-kerry-veut-sauver-la-paix.php

“Abakoze ibyaha mu ntambara yatejwe na M23 bagombe babiryozwe” USA

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Nk’uko tubikesha itangazo rya Leta zunze ubumwe z’America ryo kuwa Kabiri tariki ya 5 Ugushyingo, amasezerano hagati ya Leta ya Kabila n’umutwe wa M23 agomba guteganya uko abakoze ibyaha by’intambara babiryozwa. Icyo gihugu cy’igihangange kandi kirasaba ibihugu byo mu karere kuransura imizi yose yazanye umwiryane muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.

Dore uko itangazo rivuga.

Itangazo rigenewe Abanyamakuru

Marie Harf
Uwungirije umuvugizi wa State Department,

Ibiro by’umuvugizi

Washington, DC

Tariki ya 5 Ugushyingo 2013

Leta Zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zishimiye itangazo ry’umutwe wa M23 rivuga ko uhagaritse ukwigomeka mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Twishimiye kandi uburyo Leta yakiriye iryo tangazo rya M23, no kuba Leta yiteguye kugaruka I Kampala gushyira umukono ku masezerano ya nyuma.

Dushimiye cyane Perezida wa Uganda Yoweri Kaguta Museveni na Ministri w’ingabo Crispus Kiyonga kuba barabaye abahuza mu biganiro bya Kampala. Turashishikariza impande zose gukurikirana uburyo bwa Politiki buzageza ku masezerano ya nyuma ateganya kwambura intwaro no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abagize M23, kandi hagakorwa ku buryo abakoze ibyaha by’intambara n’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko babibazwa. Kugera ku masezerano yumvikanyweho yo kurangiza ukwigomeka, ni intambwe ya mbere ya ngombwa cyane kugira ngo hagerwe ku kurangiza ikibazo cy’umutekano muke muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.

Tuboneyeho akanya kandi ko guhamagarira leta zo mu bihugu by’akarere kubakira kuri izi ntambwe nziza mu gutangiza imishyikirano yaguye hagamijwe gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano y’amahoro, umutekano n’ ubufatanye arandura imizi yose yateye umutekano muke wakunze kurangwa muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo n’ibihugu by’ibiyaga bigari, kandi hagatezwa imbere amajyambere n’ubukungu mu karere. Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika tuzakomeza gushyigikira ibi kimwe n’ibindi bikorwa byose bigamije kugera ku mahoro arambye.

Itangazo dukesha Department ya Leta ya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika. Byahinduwe mu Kinyarwanda na Chaste Gahunde.

Tanzania committed to stronger EAC-Mkuchika

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The minister of State in the President’s Office (Good Governance), Mr George Mkuchika, represented Tanzania in the East African Community’s Council of Ministers meeting in Burundi

Tanzania will play its part to ensure a stronger East Africa Community as envisioned in the treaty that revived the regional body, Cabinet minister George Mkuchika said yesterday. He told a regional ministerial committee meeting held in Burundi on Friday that Tanzania was still committed to seeing the bloc prosper.

Mr Mkuchika, the minister of State in the President’s office for Good Governance, was speaking in Bujumbura at the end of the 19th meeting of the Sectoral Council of Ministers responsible for EAC Affairs and Planning.

“The biggest obligation before us is to ensure this cooperation produces results that will improve the livelihoods of the people of East Africa,” the minister said in a statement on Friday.“This will be attained by committing ourselves to implementing decisions and directives that arise through these meetings.”

It was the first time that a Tanzanian minister was attending a top level EAC meeting since questions were raised over the country’s commitment to the unity of the five member countries.

On Wednesday, East African Cooperation minister Samuel Sitta told Parliament in Dodoma that government officials had been advised against taking part in regional meetings until an explanation was forthcoming on the tripartite meetings championed by Rwanda, Kenya and Uganda.

Mr Sitta, who said Tanzania felt “shortchanged” by these meetings, revealed that a higher authority–implying President Jakaya Kikwete–had told Foreign Affairs minister Bernard Membe not to attend a ministerial council meeting held in Nairobi last week.

The minister himself said he had directed his deputy, Dr Abdullah Abdullah, to give Thursday’s Bujumbura meeting a miss. It was not immediately clear if it was this same meeting that Mr Mkuchika attended. His statement made no mention of the current challenges in the bloc or Tanzania’s stand on the Coalition of the Willing–a name coined to describe the tri-lateral arrangement by Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. “East African cooperation will be attained by committing ourselves to implementing what has been jointly agreed,” he added.

Fears that the EAC could disintegrate rose after Mr Sitta said Tanzania was thinking of forming a rival coalition with Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo to counter the grouping of the other three partner states. Leader of the Opposition Freeman Mbowe, also speaking in the same Parliament, cautioned against abandoning the idea of regional integration. EAC boss Richard Sezibera weighed in on the debate on Friday in Bujumbura, saying the concerns raised by Tanzania and Burundi did not necessarily mean a falling-out was on the cards.The secretary general said at the end of the meeting that the secretariat had consulted the five partner states on the state of EAC integration. He added: “East Africans are urged not to be unduly be alarmed because the challenges are being addressed and will be further considered at the forthcoming high level meetings of the Community. There have been persistent press reports, including misrepresentation of the matter.”

Officials of the Arusha-based Secretariat have been reluctant to discuss the new developments in the region. But one of them confided in The Citizen on Sunday that a lot more would emerge during the coming Heads of State Summit in Kampala, which will be preceded by the ministerial and other meetings of senior officials.

Kenya’s President Uhuru Kenyatta on Tuesday also allayed fears that EAC could be headed for collapse. He said all the five EAC member States were committed to integration. “We are focused in our objective of uniting the region and making it prosperous,” he said. “In fact, we are looking forward to our brothers and sisters from South Sudan joining us soon to make our regional bloc stronger.”

According to Mr Kenyatta, the fast-tracking of the Northern Corridor infrastructure projects by Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda arose from the need to solve the problem of cargo transportation from Mombasa to Kampala and Kigali. The coming together of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and South Sudan was aimed at addressing the four countries’ unique needs but was not in any way meant to undermine the EAC integration process, he added.President Kenyatta was speaking at a meeting with Kenyans working and living in Rwanda.

Rwandese leader Paul Kagame is expected to take over the chairmanship of the bloc from President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda during the summit.

By Zephania Ubwani, The Citizen

Source: http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/Tanzania-makes-U-turn-on-EAC/-/1840392/2058038/-/138ipu4z/-/index.html

Developing: M23 Announce End To Rebellion

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By: Alex Masereka

M23 rebel group in the Democratic Republic Congo says it is ending its insurgency, hours after the government claimed military victory.

The M23 rebel group in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

This comes a day after African leaders wrapped up talks in Pretoria saying a peace deal for the Democratic Republic of Congo could be signed if the M23 movement declared an end to its rebellion.

M23 said in a statement it was going to ”purely political means” to achieve its goals and urged its troops to disarm and demobilise.

The M23 movement had entered peace talks with Kinshasa held in the Ugandan capital Kampala, but they fell apart last month, leading the Congolese army to launch an offensive against the rebels backed by a UN brigade. The M23 was founded by ethnic Tutsi former rebels who had been incorporated into the army under a 2009 peace deal but mutinied in April 2012.

The 3,000-strong UN intervention brigade in eastern DR Congo is drawn from Malawi, South Africa and Tanzania. It joined 17,000 peacekeepers already deployed in the country, but it carries a special mission to help Congo’s army quell the rebellions in the region.

On Monday, the brigade carried out what is believed to be its first direct combat against M23 rebels since the Congolese army began a major assault against the rebellion in late October and seized control of all of the M23 strongholds.

Who are the rebels?

The group is made up of fighters who deserted from the Congolese army in April 2012 following a mutiny.

They are mostly from the Tutsi ethnic group, a minority in eastern DR Congo but with ties to Rwanda’s leaders.

Sultani Makenga, M23 rebel leader

They were led by several top-ranking officers who were members of a former militia called the CNDP – including Col Sultani Makenga and Gen Bosco Ntaganda, who faces war crimes charges at the International Criminal Court.

Their movement is called M23 in reference to a 23 March 2009 peace deal, which the CNDP signed with the Congolese government.

Why did they rebel?

The rebels, also known as the Congolese Revolutionary Army, say the government has not lived up to its promises in the 2009 deal.

They say they were mistreated after being integrated into the army, were not paid enough and that the military lacked vital resources, with soldiers were going hungry.

But analysts believe the real reason for their rebellion stems from comments made by Congolese President Joseph Kabila in January 2012, who under pressure from the ICC, said the Congolese authorities would put Gen Ntaganda on trial.

Where is he now?

Gen Ntaganda, known as “The Terminator”, gave himself up to the US embassy in Rwanda in March 2013, after losing a power-struggle within the M23.

He has since been transferred to the ICC in The Hague.

Is that why they are now on the back foot?

The internal rifts probably didn’t actually make much difference.

Most analysts point to two far more significant developments: Reduced Rwandan support for the M23 and the intervention of a tough new brigade of UN troops.

Although this was always denied by Rwanda, UN investigators have long accused Rwanda of backing the M23.

This led several donors to cut financial and then military aid to Kigali and the UN says Rwandan backing to the M23 has now fallen off.

Meanwhile, the UN has sent a force of some 3,000 well-equipped troops with a tougher mandate than any other peacekeeping force, tasked with disarming and “neutralising” rebels forces in eastern DR Congo.

Their use of helicopter gunships against the rebels is credited with making a huge difference, paving the way for the army to retake the territory seized by the rebels in 2012.

Why did the UN send the extra troops?

The UN has had a huge mission – currently some 18,000 troops – in DR Congo for many years but the unrest never seems to end.

Many Congolese have derided them as “tourists” for many years and in 2012, they were unable to stop the M23 from seizing the regional capital, Goma, before they pulled out under international pressure.

But they remained camped on the outskirts of Goma until their recent reverses.