Museveni opted for militarism to capture and retain power.

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“The culture of capturing and retaining power by the gun is militarism which undermines the culture of democracy.” Former minister Daniel Omara Atubo

Daniel Omara Atubo, a former minister in the ruling NRM government, has said in his new book that his former boss, President Museveni, has kept a firm grip on power through abuse of the military, Constitution and treasury.

In the book titled “Calming The Storm”, Atubo claims that since Museveni took power by the gun in 1986, “the army has been the bedrock of his government, but coated with civilian participation and periodic elections.”

“The culture of capturing and retaining power by the gun is militarism which undermines the culture of democracy.”

Atubo, under Museveni’s regime, served in several capacities, as minister of state and cabinet minister for 10 years, in ministries such as Foreign Affairs, Defence, Lands, Housing and Urban Development and at one time acted as the attorney general. He says the military has aided Museveni’s retention of power.

“The internal rebellion and regional wars allowed Museveni to consolidate his militarism, to amass wealth for elections and to weaken any form of opposition to his regime…if Uganda does not get rid of militarism, we shall continue to pay dearly. Militarism is being promoted and consolidated in our politics, economy, culture, religion, education and social life,” he says, adding that the military is the very antithesis of democracy and competitive multiparty politics.

“Militarism is not only confined to the army but also extends to the intelligence organs, police, prisons and even civilian operatives. The civil police are headed by army generals, thereby imparting military leadership, training and attitudes.”

Atubo’s book comes at a time when there is a heated public debate about the army’s role in politics and its continued representation in Parliament.

NRM-entrenchment

Atubo’s book, dotted with his speeches, contributions to parliamentary debates and official documents he wrote while in government, attempts to show that Museveni’s obsession with power started to manifest itself as early as 1986. In chapter One of the book, he discusses leadership through his personal experience.

He says that during debate on the Legal Notice, which extended the NRA leadership for four years from 1989, he vehemently opposed the move.

“My advice was vigorously opposed and outrightly rejected. I believe NRM missed a great opportunity to lay a foundation to democratise a new Uganda…I realised that the NRM/A was more interested in raw state power than in promoting democracy and promoting institutions.”

Whereas the 1995 Constitution was promulgated to reflect people’s aspirations, Atubo says that no sooner had this Constitution been written than some of its provisions regarding political party activities and presidential two term limits became very contentious. During the Constituency Assembly, Atubo belonged to a group of political activists opposed to the banning of political parties. Although Uganda restored political party politics, he says political parties continued to be weak due to years of confinement and problems relating to leadership, internal democracy, funding and militarism.

“As of now, the Movement is the dominant party, with all resources at its disposal and supported by the state and the military.”

On term limits, he writes that Article 105(2) was a great innovation which limited the president to two five-year terms.

“It was a great tragedy that this provision was removed using corrupt means and amidst strong opposition from me and many others. Ugandans were never consulted as they were during the Odoki Constitutional Commission.”

Atubo joins his cabinet colleagues; Eriya Kategaya and Jaberi Bidandi Ssali to criticise Museveni for removing presidential term limits.

“In his book entitled ‘Impassioned for Freedom’, the late Eriya Kategaya, the former first deputy Prime Minister and Museveni’s childhood friend, wrote on pages 131-132, ‘Of late, I have been told that politicians are people without a sense of shame. All along I trusted President Museveni whenever we agreed on what to do but the kisanja project (deletion of two term limits) has shaken my faith in him. It is not only President Museveni who has shaken my faith and trust in leaders but some of my colleagues in cabinet are equally guilty. It seems the survival instinct overrides everything else’.”

In their autobiographies, Bidandi Ssali and Sam Kalega Njuba, all former ministers, harshly criticised the president for lifting presidential term limits. Although Atubo’s reversal to Museveni’s government in 2007 was publicly criticised as political opportunism, he writes that the politics of opportunism reigns high in today’s politics.

“Principles are sacrificed for survival. Whoever has the money calls the tune. In order to eat, some leaders abandon principles. Buying a leader is high corruption and both the seller and buyer are morally and spiritually dead… What they care about are material things and power,” he writes.

Atubo also says that bad leaders make a country ungovernable after their departure due to failure to build strong institutions.

“While in power, bad leaders survived on patronage, division, creating many small units and personal loyalty within the army and other security organs,” he writes, and asks whether Uganda will be governable after Museveni.

“For 42 years, Gaddafi ruled Libya with an iron fist. Living by his own words, he had to be chased out of power and killed. Gaddafi left the then proud and prosperous Libya in shambles.”

Reception

While launching the book yesterday, Speaker Rebecca Kadaga hailed Atubo for appealing to public lamentation.

“You have addressed this concern… whenever a public figure dies there is lamentation that they have not put down their record,”Kadaga said, adding that the book would be read by members. The foreword by Prof Joe Oloka-Onyango, a lecturer of constitutional law at Makerere University, says Atubo’s book is married to a biography and memoir, because it records important “historical events in which the author was himself involved.”

Who is Atubo?

Born 67 years ago at Ngetta Catholic Mission in Lira, Atubo went to Ngetta primary school, Aloi-Ongom Junior Secondary School and St Mary’s College Kisubi before joining Makerere University to read law in 1969.

He was in the second pioneer class of the Bachelor of Laws at Makerere University and he belonged to the first intake at Law Development Centre for the then newly- instituted bar course of post graduate diploma in legal practice.

After enrolment as an advocate, Atubo worked with the ministry of Justice, rising to the rank of Senior State Attorney and was later seconded to the then Kampala City Council as its first city advocate in 1976. During Amin’s regime, he went to exile and taught law in Tanzania, before getting involved with the Uganda National Liberation Front that was established to oversee the removal Amin.

He was a member of the National Consultative Council, a delegate in the Constituency Assembly, representing Otuke. He was a Member of Parliament for Otuke for three terms, secretary to Bank of Uganda and served as a minister for 10 years. He is married with children.

Source:  http://www.observer.ug/index

East African Community community to create a regional security council: What will it take?

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East African Community members

“Trust is a serious issue between EAC member states. We have seen these countries in serious wrangles coming out of security interests. First it was Uganda and Rwanda after Congo War Two, but they managed to resolve their differences. Now it is between Rwanda and Tanzania and it has not been resolved.” Stanislaus Kigosi, Diplomacy Analyst.

 

 

Talks are at an advanced stage to establish the East African Community (EAC) Security Council, which will be charged with ensuring that peace prevails in the region,The Citizen on Saturday has learnt.

All five EAC member states–Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi–currently face security threats, with terrorism topping the list. Kenya has borne the brunt of terrorist attacks from Al Shabaab since it sent troops to assist the Somali government in late 2011. The attacks have left hundreds dead and many others injured. Grenades have been hurled into commuter buses, churches have been raided and a big shopping mall was under siege for three days in that country.

Tanzania has also suffered its share of attacks, especially in the tourist hubs of Zanzibar and Arusha. Two blasts rocked Arusha last month alone. In the first attack, a hand grenade was thrown into a residential house in Majengo area and seriously injured two Muslim clerics who were having a pre-fast Ramadhan meal. In the second attack, by an improvised explosive device, eight people were injured at an Asian restaurant near Gymkhana grounds.   In 2008 Tanzania suffered the first major terrorist attack when the US embassy was bombed.

In an interview with this paper yesterday, the deputy minister for East Africa Cooperation, Dr Abdullah Saadalla, confirmed the development and said the security council would make it possible to share information on peace and security matters and also boost peace and security.

Dr Saadalla added: “Yes, we have started talks on establishing a security council. This body will act like the United Nations’ Security Council. It will generally be charged with the responsibility of ensuring that our region remains peaceful and secure.”

The council will also deal with matters such as management of refugee affairs and immigration. But the minister distanced Tanzania from media reports that there was a plan to establish a regional security force. “We in East Africa have not engaged in such talks,” he explained. “Anyone who suggests such a thing must have another basis for forming such a force… we have no plan to do so.”

But, according to Dr Kitojo Wetengere of the Mozambique-Tanzania Centre for International Co-operation, setting up an East African Security Council will help member states address regional security collectively. He argues that the entire region is not safe as long as any of its member states is targeted by terrorists or experiences insecurity.

“First, each member state should take care of its internal security,” he added. “But, most importantly, you need a body which will take care of the regional community, so the move is laudable.”

The don was quick to caution, though, that the proposed security council should be based on fairness for all member states. He added: “We don’t need a security council like that of the United Nations, which has treated its members unfairly. Remember the UN council has turned a blind eye to what is going on in Syria, but it was quick to act in similar conflicts in Iraq and Libya.”

Diplomacy analyst Stanislaus Kigosi, welcomed the move and said it should have come earlier. He pointed out the challenges and warned that if they are not resolved now, it will not achieve its goals. He added: “Trust is a serious issue between EAC member states. We have seen these countries in serious wrangles coming out of security interests. First it was Uganda and Rwanda after Congo War Two, but they managed to resolve their differences. Now it is between Rwanda and Tanzania and it has not been resolved.”

In such situations, the agency might be used by wrangling member states to spy on each other rather than share vital information. Citizens of member states must also be well informed about the threats and how a regional body can help deal with them. These issues are now discussed at top level, but the people must understand the process and back it with their trust.

But city-based political analyst Erick Mwakibete, questions what the mandate of the agency would be in relation to other structures of the EAC. “The summit of head of states is the highest organ now,” he asserted. “Will the proposed Security Council have more say than it? That’s how the UN Security Council operates. Its resolutions are final and very powerful.”

He cautioned that if the new agency is not well organised and empowered, it might end up being another toothless agency in the  community.  He also questioned the scope and future of the EAC.

“If the goal is to form a political federation, then what is the place of the security council?” he added. “We must have plans that concur with our set targets for the integration process to become a success story.”

Source:

http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/EAC-in-talks-over-starting-regional-security-council

 

 

Why Ferguson is the Congo ?

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 By BK Kumbi

Picture of Ba Ki-Moon, UN Secretary General, by Don't Be Blind This Time

The author of the article that follows starts from an assumption that we all know Ferguson. If I hadn’t been reading recent news feeds on that nth US police brutality case against black people in America I wouldn’t know. I omitted deliberately putting the date when that happened, because it happens every day. Now you know. But where is the link between Ferguson and Congo?

In March 1978 US President Jimmy Carter commissioned a report – NSCM/46 – put together by the National Security Council Interdepartmental Group for Africa. Zbignew Brezinski as National Security Advisor had been tasked with reviewing what was happening in Black Africa from the point of view of possible impacts on the black movement in US. The exercise had to consider:

  1. Long-term tendencies of social and political developments and the degree to which they were consistent with or contradicted US interests
  2. Proposals for durable contacts between radical African leaders and leftists leaders of the US black community
  3. Appropriate steps to be taken inside and outside the country in order to inhibit any pressure by radical African leaders and organizations on the US black community for the latter to exert influence on the policy of the Administration towards Africa

When the report was submitted in the same year it included among other findings these ones:

  1. The mineral resources of the area [Black Africa] continue to be of great value for the normal functioning of industry in the United States and allied countries
  2. If the idea of economic assistance to black Americans shared by some African regimes could be realized by their placing orders in the United States mainly with companies owned by blacks, they could gain a limited influence on the US black community

The recommendations from the report privileged the sanctified principle of divide and rule in order to weaken any emergence of a strong black opposition to dominant policies serving inside and outside US national interests.

  1. Special clandestine operations should be launched by the CIA to generate mistrust and hostility in American and world opinion against joint activity of the two forces [Black America and Black Africa], and to cause division among Black African radical national groups and their leaders
  2. To preserve the present [we were then in 1978 but looking at it today 36 years later the situation has not much changed] climate which inhibits the emergence from within the Black leadership of a person capable of exerting national [or global] appeal.
  3. To support actions designed to sharpen social stratification in the Black community which would lead to the widening and perpetuation of the gap between successful educated Blacks and the poor, giving rise to growing antagonism between different black groups and a weakening of the movement as a whole.

BK Kumbi, Congolese activist, historian and founding member ofDon’t Be Blind This Time, decrypts what such measures and probably many others similar taken over the years by US authorities and allies have had as consequences to black American community and black Africa. She starts her analysis with the intentionally engineered and differing perceptions of the other between the two groups. She moves on the inadequacies that such differences create and the behavior of the white in a well wheeled tragedy where all black as a race becomes a consistent victim. She finds the ultimate exit from the situation to be within the victim itself, or its own humanity.

As Africans our eyes are often turned towards America because for some of us there is the illusion that attracts but for others the eye focuses on how the black man is staged in the American reality. For many black Americans, as for the majority of Americans, Africa is a land of savages and this idea has a particular resonance among the Afro-American population because it shows how they were taught to hate themselves through the figure of a so to say original man, the one that is stored in the sub-humanity. However, when we look at things more closely, one has to ask if there is a real difference of treatment for us all? Imperialist policies affecting African populations are the same as those applied to the black population in the United States precisely because the principle states that the black body shall be exploited alive or dead, it must generate profit. I come from a country, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where more than 6 million people were murdered and where the killings continue so that the world benefits from the wealth of this country, namely from the coltan, a mineral that is used to make cell phones, but also to manufacture weapons which kill other blacks thousands miles away of my land.

This tragedy is absent from the majority of the American channels or if it is presented, it is to say that there are blacks who kill blacks. There are no questions raised as per the people or the countries who arms those blacks and for what purpose? The corporate media rather prefers to broadcast on the visits of the gang leaders of our region that the United States has hired to do the job and fuel the black on black theory at an international level. What is striking here is how the story is structured or the fact that there is no narrative at all about this issue, just silence. What I want to point out here specifically is the question of how our bodies became objects of spectacles. If there is generally silence that surrounds the Congolese tragedy, there is nevertheless one aspect of this conflict that is portrayed more than the others. The issue of rape used as a weapon of war is the beloved subject of a certain American ”intelligentsia” and it has helped forward the image of some American ‘celebrities’.

The mutilated bodies of Congolese women have become an image that is made pornographic and that it is diffused freely under the idea of a feminist fight and the narrative of this tragedy is assumed by white feminists who actually fight for their own rights in a capitalist environment. This is not done to help the Congolese women and it is also done to spread the idea that this is a femicide and not a genocide. The story of Congolese women is a way to raise funds for these organizations, to write and produce documentaries that will also generate money and, -and this is perhaps the most important, it’s a way to reaffirm the idea that the black man is a savage, a predator whose violence is atavistic, mad and he is therefore the sole instrument of the eradication of his own black being. Is not also the narrative that is served to explain to the Afro- Americans that they are the very instruments of their own annihilation and their own poverty? Is that not what is said when the corporate media uses false images to say that Brown had stolen into a store and that was the reason of his death?

We all need to have our eyes open about the way we are treated and portrayed, and I say we because the image that is conveyed of the African man in Africa necessarily affects the way the Afro-American man is perceived. For those who are looking at us, as if we were in a cage like Lumumba said, there is no difference between a black African or an African-American. We are the ones making this difference because we think that for the white man there are good blacks and there are bad blacks. We don’t look at us through our own eyes but through the eyes of another person who has defined us as not human. When Lewis said that Ferguson is not the Congo, he shows how he is very much inhabited by this idea, he shows that for him there are good and bad Negros. When one really reflects on what is happening in Ferguson, one sees precisely that Ferguson is the Congo. The lesson of this tragedy is how we all rebuild our own histories, how we teach our children to see their lives and the lives of those who look like them as valuable, how we teach them that they are human beings and that they are part of this world even though some want to deny them this right.

Source: http://therisingcontinent.wordpress.com/2014/08/22/why-ferguson-is-the-congo

245,000 est le nombre connu des réfugiés vivant sur le sol congolais

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media                                 Un camp de réfugiés près de Goma, dans l’est de la RDC, en 2012.REUTERS/James Akena
 

Pour la première fois, les réfugiés rwandais ont été identifiés et enregistrés. Le Haut commissariat des Nations unies pour les réfugiés estimait jusqu’à présent que le nombre de réfugiés rwandais dans le monde était de 100 000 personnes. Mais ils sont déjà presque 245 000, rien qu’au Congo, à s’être présentés pour se faire enregistrer. C’est le chiffre auquel est parvenu la Commission nationale congolaise des réfugiés qui, avec le soutien du HCR, a réalisé ce recensement.

Sans surprise, c’est dans le Nord-Kivu que se trouvent la plupart de ces réfugiés. Ils sont environ 199 000 dans cette province, et 42 000 au Sud-Kivu. Mais on en retrouve aussi dans le Katanga, au Kasai oriental, dans le Maniema, en Equateur et encore dans une moindre mesure à Kinshasa. Héritage de l’histoire puisque c’est en plein génocide de 1994 que ces populations ont traversé la frontière devant l’avancée des troupes du FPR aujourd’hui au pouvoir au Rwanda. Puis après l’incursion de l’armée rwandaise au Congo, elles ont fui vers l’intérieur du pays.

Beaucoup n’ont jamais connu le Rwanda

Pour avoir plus de détails sur cette étude et notamment la répartition par sexe, âge, il faudra encore attendre la fin de la compilation des résultats, explique la Commission nationale congolaise des réfugiés. Pour l’instant, une certitude : beaucoup, parmi ces populations, sont des jeunes qui n’ont jamais connu le Rwanda.

Un sentiment demeure au sein de cette communauté : les deux tiers de ces 245 000 personnes disent ne pas souhaiter retourner dans leur pays. Une proportion qui pourrait évoluer, explique la Commission nationale des réfugiés, à l’issue d’une campagne de sensibilisation au retour dans lequel sera impliqué le gouvernement rwandais. Kigali ayant demandé depuis longtemps la clause de cessation du statut de réfugiés pour tous les Rwandais vivant à l’extérieur du pays. Depuis 2001, le HCR dit pour sa part avoir rapatrié environ 135 000 Rwandais vivant au Congo.

Ce recensement intervient alors que la pression internationale augmente pour obtenir le désarmement des FDLR, les rebelles hutus rwandais, dont certains leaders sont accusés par Kigali d’avoir participé au génocide de 1994. Les FDLR se présentent comme les protecteurs de ces populations rwandaises réfugiées et estiment que sans ouverture de l’espace politique au Rwanda, elles ne pourront pas rentrer dans de bonnes conditions.

Jointe par RFI, Berthe Zinga, coordinatrice de la Commission nationale pour les réfugiés (CNR) explique l’importance de ce recensement pour ces réfugiés rwandais.

Il était important que l’on fasse cet enregistrement et eux attendaient aussi d’être enregistrés et surtout d’exprimer leurs choix concernant, soit le rapatriement volontaire soit demeurer en RDC.
Source: http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20140820-rdc-refugies-rwandais-recenses-nord-kivu/?
 

Coup d’etat yo muri 1973: Abishyize hamwe ntakibananira (Igice cya 5 ) :Imvururu zo mu w’1973 mu Rwanda zatewe na nde ?

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Camarades du 0507

Tumaze iminsi dusoma ibijyanye n’amateka yaranze u Rwanda, cyane cyane chapitre ya coup d’etat yo muri 1973. Iyi coup d’etat niyo yabaye nyirabayazana w’inzika zabaye hagati y’Abiswe Abanyenduga n’abiswe Abakiga. Nyuma yayo, ibyiza by’igihugu byinshi byikubiwe n’abantu bakomokaga mu turere twa Gisenyi na Ruhengeri cyangwa rimwe na rimwe Byumba. Ibi byatumye mu by’ukuri Abanyarwanda batumva ko bafite uruhare rungana ku gihugu ku buryo byagize ingaruka mu gihe cy’intambara yatangijwe n’inkotanyi mu kwezi kwa 10 umwaka wa 1990.

Byageze aho abanyenduga bamwe bumva ko urugamba rugomba kurwanwa n’abakiga ngo kuko ari bo bari bafite ibyo barwanira! Abasirikare bamwe batorokaga urugamba bakisangira Inkotanyi mu gihe abenshi mu bakiga bo bumvaga koko igihugu bagomba kukitangira kugeza kuwa nyuma. Muri politiki abanyenduga cg abiswe abanyenduga nibo babaye aba mbere mu gushinga amashyaka arwanya leta ndetse afatanya na FPR mu gushegesha Habyarimana. Twagiramungu Faustin yabyukije MDR (ariko iza ari pirate), Mugenzi Justi afatanyije na Lando basinga PL, PSD ntawe utari uyizi ko yari igizwe n’abanyabutare benshi,  Nayinzira Jean Nepomuscene niwe munya gisenyi wenyine washinze ishyaka rirwanya Leta.

Nyuma yaho gatoya ikibazo cyaje gusa n’aho ari abahutu barwana n’abatutsi ariko byari byaratinze, FPR imaze kwemerwa no gushyigikirwa.

Kudasesengura iki kibazo bishobora gutuma dupfobya amasomo akubiyemo maze ejo bundi hagora urundi rugamba ruba ngombwa ugasanga abantu bakomeje ibyo byumviro. Ntawe ushobora gukira igisebe atavuye!

Ubwanditsi.

Parution: Tuesday 19 August 2014, 21:31
Par:Jean de Dieu MUSEMAKWELI

Ese kudeta yo ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973 ntiyashoboraga kuburizwamo ?

Iyo umuntu yiyemeje gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu, ntibihagije kuba abyifuza cyangwa afite impamvu ze bwite. Hagomba kuboneka n’izindi mpamvu zituma abantu bibwira ko ingoma ivuyeho yagombaga guhirima koko. Abakoze kudeta mu Rwanda mu w’1973 basanze guteza umutekano muke mu gihugu aribyo byatuma amahanga ndetse n’Abanyarwanda bavuga ko ingoma ya Kayibanda yari inaniwe. Nibwo rero muri Gashyantare 1973 boheje insoresore ngo zirukane Abatutsi mu mashuri yisumbuye n’amakuru ndetse no mu kazi, haba mu biro no mu bigo bya leta cyangwa iby’abikorera ku giti cyabo. Abantu bazi gushishoza bahereyeko babona ko iyo “muyaga” itewe n’abantu bashaka kwifatira ubutegetsi. Hari ibitabo byinshi byagize icyo bivuga kuri iyo “muyaga”. Nyuma y’ubushishozi n’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, byose bihuriza kuri iyo ngingo. Icyanyuma nasomye kibihamya nta shiti ni icya  Bwana Pierre-Célestin Kabanda cyitwa, Rwanda. L’idéal des pionniers. Les hommes qui ont fait la différence, Ed. Sources du Nil, Lille, 2012, pp.275-277.

Hari abantu badakeneye gusoma ibyo bitabo kugirango bamenye icyateye umutekano muke mu Rwanda mbere ya kudeta yo ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973. Impamvu ni uko biboneye n’amaso yabo ba nyirabayazana, bakagerageza kuvugana nabo kugirango bisubireho. Bavuganye kandi n’abo iyo nkubiri yari igamije guhitana (ingoma ya Kayibanda), barababurira ; ariko abandi ntibabyitaho. Negereye umwe muri abo bantu, ambwirana agahinda kenshi ukuntu ibintu byagenze, n’ukuntu ubwe nawe yari apfuye Imana igakinga akaboko, maze agakizwa n’amaguru. Ntabwo yifuje ko natangaza amazina ye, niyo mpamvu mpisemo kumwita “Viateur (Viyatori) Nzaramba”, avuka mu cyahoze ari perfegitura ya Gitarama. Yarangije  ishuri rikuru rya gisirikari mu w’1972. Muri 73 yari i Kigali, afite ipeti rya Suliyetona, akora mu bwubatsi bw’ibigo bya gisirikari n’ubw’amazu y’abasirikari, cyane cyane abakuru (officiers). Yakoraga mu cyitwa mu gifaransa “Bâtiment militaire”.

Imvururu zashojwe n’abashakaga kwifatira ubutegetsi

Yarambwiye ati : “Imvururu zabaye muri 1973 kuzishyira kuri perezida Grégoire Kayibanda ni ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa. Muri 1973 nari umusirikari mukuru (officier) nkora mu ubuwubatsi bwa gisirikari (Compagnie des Bâtiments Militaires -BM)  i Kanombe. Twakoreshaga abakozi b’ abasivili benshi aho twubakishaga amazu mu bigo bya gisirikare mu gihugu cyose. Nari nshinzwe kubakisha (chantiers) mu bigo bya Kigali,  Bugesera (abasirikari),  Bugesera (urubyiruko), Gabiro,  Byumba na Butare. Ahandi, imirimo y’ubwubatsi yari iyobowe na Kapiteni Mutabazi na Liyetona Rwabakika bubakisha tuvuge nk’ikigo cy’abapolisi cyo ku Kacyiru.

Imvururu zatangiriye mu bigo by’amashuri, bifata abakozi ba gisivili bo  mu bigo bya gisirikari (Main d’oeuvre civile – MOC), bifata ibigo bya Leta, kuri za ministeri bamanika amalisti ariho amazina y’Abatutsi ngo  be kongera kuhinjira.

Reka mpere ku bindeba aho nari mu bigo bya gisirikare. Nazindukiye ku kazi, nyura ku iperu mu kigo cy’i Kanombe (Base). Tumaze kuzamura ibendera, nagiye mu ibarizo, nsanga akazi kahagaze kubera ko umukuru waryo (Kapita, chef charpentier) n’umwungirije, abakozi babiri kuri bane bakoreshaga amamashini abaza batari baje ku kazi.  Aho basudiraga ibyuma (atelier soudure) naho byari uko. Ubwo poromiye serija (Ier  Sergent) Serugendo nawe aba araje. Ku nyubako z’i Kanombe yari yungirije Liyetona Rwabakika wo mu Ruhengeri. Ati “ Akazi ko kubaka kahagaze, Kapita n’abafundi bababujije kwinjira mu kigo”.  Liyetona Rwabakika na Kapiteni  Mutabazi barambwira ngo nimbyihorere.

Nafashe ikamyo ipakiye isima  njya ku kigo cya Kigali, nsanga naho ni uko, ngo nta Mututsi ugomba kugaruka ku kazi ; kandi abo bose bakoreshwaga na Ministeri y’ingabo z’igihugu n’abapoloisi.  Nagiye aho abasirikari bakuru bicira akanyota (Messe officiers) i Kigali, ntelefona umukuru (Commandant) w’iby’ubwubatsi bwa gisirikari (Compagnie Bâtiments militaires) i Kanombe, umuzungu witwaga Kapiteni Badou, musaba amabwiriza, ati “nanjye byanyobeye, Kapiteni Mutabazi wo ku Gisenyi yavuze ko amabwiriza yavuye hejuru, ko ari ibirebana n’umutekano, kandi ko tutabyivangamo”.  Yangiriye inama ko njya kubaza Lizinde wari ushinzwe kwiga imishinga (chef du Bureau d’Etude) muri ministeri y’Ingabo , ko ari byo Kapiteni Mutabazi abwiye Kapiteni Badou. Nagiye kuri ministeri, Lizinde aranyakira, mubwiye ko akazi kahagaze, ko ntumva icyo abo Batutsi bazira, ati : « Ceceka, si wowe ushinzwe umutekano w’igihugu. Mushake Abahutu mubashyire muri iyo myanya Abatutsi bari bafite, niba ntabo mubatoze(formez-les) ».

Ntawe utazi amateka ya Lizinde n’uruhare yagize muri kudeta yo mu w’1973. Mpereye ku mvugo  no ku buryo Liyetona Rwabakika, Kapiteni Mutabazi, na poromiye Serija (IerSergent) Serugendo bitwaye, bose ni Abakiga kandi bari babizi, nahereyeko numva ko hari ikintu. Kubona na poromiye Serija (Ier Sergent) w’umukiga yari azi iyo gahunda yo kwirukana abakozi b’Abatutsi mu bigo bya gisirikare, njyewe w’umunyagitarama, umusirikari mukuru (officier) ntabizi, ari njye wari ufite henshi nubakisha,  naza ngasanga abakozi barahagaritswe ntabizi, Lizinde ati “si wowe ushinzwe umutekano w’igihugu!” None se Serugendo wari ubizi ni we wari uwushinzwe ? Cyangwa ni uko yari mu kabanga k’abateguye izo mvururu we na Kapitene Mutabazi na Liyetona Rwabakika?

Mu mashuri : muri koleji ya Mutagatifu Andereya i Nyamirambo, nagiyeyo mpurujwe na Padiri Goffinet wayoboraga icyo kigo, ko murumuna wanjye DD nawe ari uwambere ku rutonde rw’abo komite (comité) y’abanyeshuri yirukanye, akanga kugenda, akaba yahungiye mu biro by’umuyobozi (Directeur) ko ariho bamukingiranye ngo abanyeshuri batamwica. Niba imvururu zarashojwe na Kayibanda, kuki n’Abahutu bakomoka Gitarama birukanwaga, nk’uwo murumuna wanjye bamwirukaniye iki ?  Nageze i Nyamirambo nambaye imyenda y’intambara, ntanga gasopo ko Padiri Goffinet agenda akabwira izo mbwa zizana akajagari ko nizikora kuri murumuna wanjye, zishobora kubona ishyano. Padiri Goffinet yambwiye ko yari yatelefonnye ku kigo cy’abapolisi ngo baze bamutabare, bakamubwira ngo niyivuganire n’umuyobozi mukuru w’abapolisi muri ministeri y’ingabo. Uwo yari Majoro Nsekarije. Padiri Goffinet yagiye kwa Nsekarije, Nsekarije amwirukana mu biro bye. Padiri Goffinet yarongeye arambwira ati : “Aka kajagari ni intangiriro za kudeta. Biragaragara ko hari abantu bari gushaka urwitwazo rwo gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu”. None imvururu zitatewe n’abo bishakiraga ubutegetsi,niba njye njyenyine narabashije kugarura agahenge muri Koleji i Nyamirambo, bo bari bashinzwe umutekano w’igihugu, cyarabahaye n’ibyangombwa byose byo kuwubungabunga,kuki  ntacyo bakoze ?

Nahavuye ndakaye, nyura kwa Kapiteni Bizimana ndabimubwira, ambwira ko umuzungu w’umusuwisi yabwiye Kayibanda ko abasirikare bategura kudeta, ko bazakoresha n’abacanshuro (mercenaires),  avuga n’ahantu (site) abo basirikari n’abo bacanshuro bashobora kuzahurira.

Kudeta yashoboraga kuburizwamo

Ni muri urwo rwego twigeze gukura abasirikare mu kigo cy’i Kanombe, barara amarondo, dushinga ibirindiro (gufata amapozisiyo – positions) dutegereje ka hagira abagerageza kudeta, tukayiburizamo. Kubera ahantu henshi nubakishaga, navuganye na bamwe mu basirikari bo mu bigo bya Kibungo,  Mutara, Byumba,  Bugesera, Ruhengeri, Kommando Bigogwe, kampanyi yambere, iya kabiri n’iya gatatu z’i Kanombe, ndetse n’abo mu bwubatsi bwa gisirikari,  hose biteguye kudukurikira tukaburizamo kudeta.

Ibyo byarakaje cyane Jenerali Majoro Habyarimana, ashinga Majoro Simba Aloys ngo akore itohoza (enquête) amubwire abaraje abasirikare hanze, ngo ntiyumva uko azabagira, ngo nta gihano kiriho azi gikwiranye n’abo bantu. Simba yakoze anketi, ayiha Habyarimana. Njye nemereye Majoro Simba ko nabikoze kandi niteguye kubyongera, nti “ushaka ubutegetsi AZIYAMAMAZE, atorwe n’abaturage, naho uzongera kuzana akajagari, tuzamurwanya”. Nongeyeho ko ntagiye mu gisirikare kugirango murumuna wanjye ye kutiga. Nongeyeho nti “Ese ubundi ari Umuhutu cyangwa Umututsi ni nde Imana yahitishijemo ubwoko avukamo ?” Nahereyeko mvanwa i Kigali igitaraganya, noherezwa mu kindi kigo cya gisirikari mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. Ikibabaje ni uko Kayibanda yakomeje kuvuga ngo HABYARIMANA ntiyareka Abakiga ngo bakore kudeta !

Kapiteni Bizimana abwiye Kayibanda ko narakajwe n’uko murumuna wanjye bamwirukanye bamubeshyera ngo ni Umututsi, ko ntumva n’icyo abo Batutsi bazira, Kayibanda yaravuze ngo “ese ni njye wakanga Abatutsi, ntikwaba ari ugutuka Verediyana ?” Kayibanda amenye ko Nsekarije yanze kohereza Abapolisi, yavuze ko bagomba kumwirukana, ko n’igipolisi kidahosha imvururu ntacyo kimaze. Niyo mpamvu yasheshe igipolisi, akivanga n’ingabo kugirango byose Habyarimana abitegeke, naho Nsekarije na Kanyarengwe bashyirwaga mu majwi bakajyanwa mu mashuri no mu gutegeka ibyayi. Kayibanda yahereyeko ahamagara Habyarimana, amutegeka kwohereza Ingabo kugarura umutekano mu gihugu. Mu bagiye guhosha imvururu, Kapiteni Maniraguha wo mu Ruhengeri na Suliyetona Nyampame nibo bajyanye ingabo zivuye i Kanombe gufatanya n’ipoloto (peloton) y’i Gitarama guhosha imvururu muri Gitarama.

Aho nari naraciriwe, nakomezaga gukurikira amakuru y’ibibera i Kigali. Icyo nabwiwe mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1973 na Minani Frodouald ni uko Liyetona  Niyoyita yari amaze gukora urutonde rw’abasirikari bimuriwe igihe kimwe nanjye. Urwo rutonde rwerekanaga neza cyane ukuntu abasirikari b’abasuzofisiye (Sous-officiers) n’abandi batojwe mu kurwanisha intwaro zisanzwe (armes collectives) bakomoka mu majyepfo y’igihugu bari bavanywe i Kigali na Kanombe, bakoherezwa za Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Ruhengeri, Mutara, Kibungo, babasimbuza abakomoka Gisenyi, Ruhengeri na Byumba. Twasabye kubaza perezida icyo abitekerezaho, kuko iyo bamubwiraga ko hari agatsiko k’Abakiga gategura kudeta, yavugaga ko bidashoboka, kuko Habyarimana ari umwana we buzura kandi yizeye. Twasabaga kandi Minani Frodouald kubaza perezida icyo kuriya kwimura abasirikari byerekanaga, impamvu hari ubwikanyize bwa Gisenyi na Ruhengeri mu buyobozi bw’inzego zose zirebana n’umutekano w’igihugu. Twaravugaga kandi tuti: “ko bigaragara ka Abakiga bategura coup d’Etat, kandi nibayikora, bazica Abanyenduga, uwabatanga twe tukayikora, ntitugire uwo twica, ahubwo bamwe tukabafunga?”

Dore ko Minani yari aturanye na Kayibanda, yadusize muri salo, anyura mu gikari agiye kureba perezida Kayibanda. Yagarutse hashize isaha. Atubwira ko Habyarimana nta rondakarere cyangwa ubwikanyize bwa Gisenyi na Ruhengeri yazanye mu gisirikare, ko ahubwo kubera ko Ababiligi bari bategetse ko Abatutsi bagomba kuba hagati ya 15 na 20 % mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikari, we na Balthazar Bicamumpaka, na Calliope Mulindahapi bahisemo ko imyanya yari igenewe Abahutu, mu itsinda rya mbere (première promotion) bayiharira Ruhengeri na Gisenyi, kuko mu yandi maperefegitura bitari byoroshye kumenya umuhutu nyawe, ejo batazavaho basanga imyanya y’Abahtutu yaratwawe n’Umututsi dore ko ngo Abatutsi bakundaga gukubagana mu ngo z’abagaragu babo!

Ku bijyanye no kwimura abasirikari,  perezida Kayibanda yabwiye Minani ko azahamagara  Habyarimana akabimubaza, atabona ibisobanuro akamusaba kubihagarika, dore ko icyo gihe  u Rwanda n’u Burundi byarebanaga ay’ingwe.

Ku birebana na kudeta byo Kayibanda yamuteye utwatsi, amubwirako mu basirikari bakuru, Habyarimana ari we ugerageza (ufite “préparation” ihagije) ; ariko akaba atabona impamvu yatuma Habyarimana  akora Coup d’Etat. Ati “ Ese ubundi ubutegetsi si we ubufite, si we wampaye Seyanga na Bizimana ngo mbagire ba ministiri, ko njyewe urubyiruko n’amasiporo nashakaga kubishinga Rwagafirita ?” Yaramubwiye ngo atubwire ko n’iyo Abakiga bakora  kudeta, we nta maraso ashaka ko tumena ngo turamugarura ku butegetsi, ngo uretse ko n’itegeko nshinga ritamwemerera gukomeza kuyobora igihugu, n’abaganga bakaba baramusabye kuruhuka ; ko kongre itegurwa ariyo izatoranyaumukandida wa MDR uziyamamariza umwanya wa perezida, ikiga ikibazo cy’imvururu zayogoje igihugu, kandi akazasaba kongere gufatira abazishoje ibihano by’intangarugero. Yongeyeho ko Verediana yaba yaravuze ngo “ntakumena amaraso y’abandi Bahutu, Abatutsi bazayamena” ! Ngo dutegereze kongere ibyo byose izabikemura.

“Ntawe urenga nyamunsi”

Ku wa 1 Nyakanga uzi ko kuri stade Nyamirambo basuzuguye perezida Kayibanda izuba riva, nawe ati :“Abashaka gukora kudeta nibayikore, simbitinya”. Nibajije ibyo ari byo, biranyobera. Mfata imodoka mva aho nari naraciriwe, nza i Kigali kureba uko bimeze. Nagiye kwa Kapiteni Bizimana, mpurirayo na Ministiri Frodouald Minani na Kalisa, muramu wa perezida Kayibanda. Mbabaza ibyo nari numviye i Kanombe kuko nahanyuze, ba Liyetona Bikolimana bakambwira bati : “Zana abasirikari ufite mu ….. , tubwire n’abandi basigaye hano mu bacu, maze tuburizemo kudeta bategura kuko ngo bazayikora le 5 Nyakanga”. Ubwo twari le 3 Nyakanga. Bizimana twari turwaniye iwe, kuko nari mvuze ngo “ibya KAYIBANDA tubireke, dukore kudeta, dutange Abakiga”. Kapiteni Bizimana ati : “Ibyo perezida ntabikozwa. Yadutegetse gutegereza kongere ya le 5 Nyakanga, ni yo IZEMEZA cyangwa ikanga umukandida azabasaba gukurikira kuko we ashaka kuruhuka, agakurikirana ishyaka  rya MDR ”.  Ati “iby’abo Bakiga na kudeta zabo ni akajagari bashoje, kariya gatsiko kazafatirwa ibyemezo muri kongere”. Nti “mujye kumubwira amakuru mvanye i Kanombe ko le 5 Nyakanga hazaba kudeta”. Kapiteni Bizimana yaranze, agezeho ajya yo, agarutse ati : “Avuze ko usubira mu …, ugatanga urugero rwo kumvira”; ngo “bamundezeho ko nabanje no kwanga kujya mu ….”, ngo “le 5 Nyakanga azaha Abanyarwanda bose igisubizo muri kongere, ndetse ko n’iyo iyo kudeta bayikora, we yizeye Habyarimana, ko we adashaka ko hagira amaraso ameneka, nta mirwano ashaka mu ngabo z’igihugu ”. Nahise nsubira mu ….. ariko, nyuze i Kanombe, mbwira Bikorimana na Ajida  Habimana ko Kayibanda yategetse ko dutegereza kongere. Bati : “Nutaza, ba Kanyarengwe barakora kudeta kandi nyamara na Habyarimana  abirimo”.

Umwanzuro

Abahakana ko imvururu zitateguwe n’Abasilikari b’Abakiga babanze batubwire impamvu mu bigo by’amashuri komite z’abayoboye kariya kajagari zayoborwaga n’Abakiga. Niba ari Grégoire Kayibanda wabiteguye, basobanure ukuntu aho kugira ngo abe arinjye amenyesha iyo gahunda ku birebana n’abakozi b’Abatutsi mu bwubatsi bwa gisirikari, ko nagendaga kwa Kayibanda, kuki atabimenyesheje ? Yarandenze maze ajya kubimenyesha Kapiteni Mutabazi wo ku Gisenyi, Liyetona Rwabakika wo mu Ruhengeri, na poromiye Serija Serugendo batagenda iwe ?

Muri icyo gihe inama (Congrès) za MDR zarimo zitegurwa. Turi aho abasirikari bakuru biyakirira (Mess Officiers) i Kanombe, twaganiriye uko inzego z’ishyaka ziri kwiga urutonde rw’abashobora gusimbura Kayibanda. Frodouald Minani yacecekesheje umuntu wari uvuze ngo “ariko ubundi kuki KAYIBANDA atakomeza”, ngo “abo bose bashaka gusimbura Kayibanda ni abanyerari”, amubwira ko “revolisiyo ya rubanda yaciye ingoma ya cyami, nta butegetsi karande kandi ko na nyirubwite azabyibwirira Congrès”. Ku bwanjye (ni Sulieyetona Viateur Nzaramba ukomeje kuvuga) nabonaga Frodouald Minani ari we wari ubukwiye. Kuri jye, niyo mpamvu abakoze kudeta barigitishije disikuru Kayibanda yari kuvugira muri kongere yari iteganijwe le 05 juillet 1973, kuko igiye ahagaragara bamwara.

Tugaruke ku bya Lizinde wagize ati : “Si wowe ushinzwe umutekano w’igihugu”. Ubundi mu gihugu hari ibyo bita ministeri z’ubusugire bw’igihugu (ministères de souveraineté), ari zo :

1.Ububanyi n’amahanga (Affaires Etrangères, diplomatie).

2.  Ubutegetsi bw’igihugu (Interieur)

3. Kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu (Défense)

4. Imali y’igihugu (Finances)

Abashinzwe umutekano ni Ministeri 2 :  iy’Ingabo n’iy’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu. Izo ministeri zitegeka ingabo, abapolisi n’inzego z’iperereza (sûreté) zikoreshwa muri ako kazi ko kubungabunga umutekano n’ubusugire bw’igihugu. Mu w’1973 Ingabo, Abaplosi n’inzego z’iperereza byose byari muri Ministeri y’Ingabo. Habyarimana ni we wari ministiri, umugaba mukuru w’Ingabo n’abapolisi.Umuyobozi mukuru w’abapolisi (Directeur géneral de la police) yari Majoro Nsekarije (Gisenyi), umuyobozi mukuru w’iperereza yari liyetona Koloneli Kanyarengwe (Ruhengeri), naho Komanda Lizinde (Gisenyi) akaba umuyobozi w’ibiro by’imishinga n’izindi gahunda (Bureau Etude et Programme). Abo bagabo ni bo bari bashinzwe iperereza no kurinda umutekano. Imvururu zabaye babizi, barabirebera, barareka ziraba. Umuyobozi wa Koleji ya Mutagatifu Andereya yitabaje Abapolisi, Nsekarije ababuza gutabara, nabivuze. Abo bose ni Abakiga, bakoze kudeta bitwaje ziriya mvururu, baburizamo kongere ya MDR yagombaga gutoranya umukandida wari kuziyamamariza umwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu, igasuzuma na kiriya kibazo cy’imvururu zabaye. Bakoze kudeta, bariya bagabo ni bo bafashe imyanya ikomeye :

1.Habyarimana : Umukuru w’igihugu, perezida wa Komite y’ubumwe n’amahoro, ministiri w’ingabo, n’umugaba mukuru wazo.

2. Kanyarengwe : Ministiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu n’abakozi ba Leta (ministeri 2).

3. NSEKARIJE : Ububanyi n’amahanga.

4. LIZINDE = Umuyobozi mukuru w’iperereza.

Uwavuga ko bariya bagabo bane, hamwe na bagenzi babo bashoje imvururu mu gihugu kugirango babyitwaze bakore kudeta, bamara kuyikora bagasibanganya ibimenyetso, bakica Abanyagitarama, bakabubikaho urusyo ngo bari bagiye kuroha Urwanda, ngo Kayibanda yari agiye guhindura itegeko nshinga kugirango ahame ku ubutegetsi, ntiyaba yibeshye. Ikindi kandi, bamwe Badatana bo ku wa 5 Nyakanga (Camarades du 5 juillet) baracyariho   : Koloneli Serubuga, Koloneli Gahimano, Koloneli Ntibitura n’anandi. Bakwiye kugira icyo babivugaho.

BIRACYAZA….

Jean de Dieu Musemakweli

Retour des FDLR au Rwanda: Kobler choque l’opposition

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Photo-of-the-Day,-30-January-2014_0

Martin Kobler

L’opposition politique rwandaise se dit indignée après les propos tenus sur notre antenne par le patron de la Monusco. Martin Kobler disait encourager les ex-combattants FDLR et leurs familles à rentrer au Rwanda pour y mener une vie paisible. Interrogé sur la réaction de l’ancien Premier ministre – devenu opposant – Faustin Twagiramungu, sur le fait que l’absence de respect pour les droits de l’homme et d’ouverture de l’espace politique empêchait les réfugiés de rentrer chez eux, le représentant onusien a répondu qu’il ne pouvait pas confirmer que la situation soit difficile pour ceux qui rentrent. Des mots qui ont provoqué l’ire de tous les opposants.

D’abord, il y a ce communiqué, rare, puisque signé par six partis d’opposition qui n’ont pas l’habitude de réagir ensemble : Le PDP, le PS Imberakuri, l’une des branches des FDU dont les présidents sont ou ont été emprisonnés au Rwanda, le RNC dont l’un des fondateurs a été assassiné en Afrique du Sud récemment, le PDR et le parti Amahoro People’s Congress. Ces six partis s’étonnent de déclarations qui « laissent à penser, expliquent-ils, que les réfugiés restent en exil de leur plein gré ».

Et de rappeler à Martin Kobler que les réfugiés rwandais au Congo sont également des « rescapés » de massacres en 1996 et 1997, massacres documentés par le rapport Mapping de l’ONU. Ils font également la liste des rapports et communiqués des Nations unies, des Etats-unis et d’organisations de défense des droits de l’homme qui ont épinglé le Rwanda ces six derniers mois. « Les services de monsieur Kobler ont sûrement eu accès à tous ces rapports », ironisent ces partis qui appellent le responsable onusien à arrêter « la politique de l’autruche » et à promouvoir un dialogue inter-rwandais plutôt que des opérations militaires.

« Préoccupations communes »

Pour les FDU présents à l’intérieur du pays, « les conditions ne sont pas réunies » pour permettre le retour des réfugiés. « L’espace politique est fermé et les droits de l’homme ne sont pas respectés au Rwanda », explique ainsi leur représentant Boniface Twagirimana. Le Parti vert démocratique se prononce lui en faveur du retour des FDLR, mais, précise son président Frank Habineza depuis Kigali, « nous partageons des préoccupations communes en termes de respect des droits de l’homme et d’une plus large ouverture de l’espace politique. »

Quant à Faustin Twagiramungu, il ne cache pas sa colère. « Les réfugiés rwandais ne rentreront pas inconditionnellement pour faire plaisir à messieurs Kagame et Kobler », a déclaré l’ancien Premier ministre rwandais. Autre réaction, celle du général Habyarimana du CDR : pour ce dernier, les Nations unies devraient avant tout « encourager le gouvernement rwandais à respecter l’Etat de droit avant de s’adresser aux réfugiés. »

Source: http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20140820-retour-fdlr-rwanda-kobler-choque-opposition-onu/?aef_campaign_date=2014-08-20&aef_campaign_ref=partage_user&ns_campaign=reseaux_sociaux&ns_linkname=editorial&ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=FB

Umwana wagizwe impfubyi na FPR yarakajwe n’imvugo ya Ange Kagame ngo “sinabaho ntafite umuryango wanjye”.

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Paul Kagame aho kujyana n’umugore we mu nama yahuje perezida wa leta zunze ubumwe z’amerika n’abakuru b’ibihugu by’afurika, we yahisemo kwijyanira n’umukobwa we umwe Ange Kagame. Nyuma y’urwo ruzinduko, Ange yagiranye ikiganiro n’urubuga nsakazamakuru rukorera kuri internet rwitwa igihe.com. Kimwe mu bibazo byamubajijwe ni ukuvuga ikintu kimwe atakwihanganira kubaho adafite. N’umutima mwiza, Ange yasubije ko ikintu atakwihanganira kubaho adafite ari umuryango we. Aya magambo yababaje benshi cyane cyane abagizwe imfubyi n’ingabo ise wa Ange yari abereye umugaba mukuru. Iyi ni ibaruwa uwitwa Kanyabigega Elijah yandikiye Ange Kagame. Kanyabigega ni umwe mu mfubyi zarokotse ubwicanyi bwa Paul Kagame. Ibaruwa yanditse mu rurimi rw’icyongereza, twayibahinduriye mu Kinyarwanda.

Ubwanditsi

73943-angekagamea

Ange Kagame niwe mukobwa wenyine Kagame afite.

Nshuti Ange Kagame, imfura mu bakobwa b’u Rwanda,

Nyemerera nkwandikire mu rurimi rw’icyongereza, ni kimwe mu bintu bibi so wakubyaye yampatiye kubana na byo. Nabwiwe ko ababyeyi banjye bakomoka muri komine Kiyombe, kamwe mu karere so wakubyaye yahaye ibihano ku byaha bitakozwe. Mfite imyaka 24, kandi ndizera ko niba maneko za papa wawe nizidashakisha inimero ya mudasobwa yanjye ngo zinyice ndi hafi kwizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 25 vuba aha. Ariko nyamara iyo siyo mpamvu yo kukwandikira. Ibaruwa yanjye iribanda cyane ku rugendo rwanyu muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, no kuri papa wawe nka perezida w’igihugu cyanjye.

Ikiganiro wagiranye na Igihe.com

Nyuma y’uruzinduko wakoranye na papa wawe I Washington, nta shiti umubyeyi wawe yageze kucyo yashakaga. Yifuzaga ko itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga rikumenya kandi yabigezeho. Rwose nabishimirwe papa wawe n’uburyo akoresha mu kwiyamamaza. Ubonye iyaba yashoboraga no kubikorera umurenge wanjye wa Mukarange!? Twahita tubona amazi yo kunywa mu gitondo. Ariko rero ikiganiro cyawe na Igihe .com cyatumye ntekereza cyane aho bakubajije ikintu udashobora kwihanganira kubaho udafite. Igisubizo watanze cyari gihwitse rwose.

Waravuze ngo “sinshobora kubaho ntafite umuryango wange.” Nyemerera ngukosore kuko mu Kinyarwanda ntituvuga “wange” ahubwo tuvuga “wanjye”, keretse niba papa wawe ashaka gusimbuza Ikinyarwanda Uluganda nk’uko yasimbuje icyongereza igifaransa. Nta kibazo tuzakomeza twihangane nk’uko tubimenyereye kuva mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1990.

Tugarutse ku gisubizo wahaye IGIHE.COM, gifite ishingiro rwose. Umuryango w’umuntu ufite agaciro gakomeye cyane, ariko ndibaza niba iso azi cyangwa asobanukiwe intimba miliyoni z’abanyarwanda bafite nyuma y’aho ababyeyi babo bazize agafuni! Uri mutoya cyane wenda ntuzi icyo agafuni bivuga ariko niba iso atarakwicaje ku bibero ngo akubarire uko yajyaga yica abanyarwanda b’inzirakarengane muri Kiyombe, Mukarange, Bwisige, Butaro, Kidaho n’utundi duce two mu Rwanda, nshobora kwitanga nkakwigisha amateka y’u Rwanda n’uburyo iso yateguye kuba ikirangire ubu wowe urimo wishimira uyu munsi.

Uburyo agafuni kangize imfubyi mfite imyaka 4

Nshuti Ange, sinzi uko navutse ariko wowe nziko uzi uko wavutse kuko papa wawe n’inshuti ze zafashe amafoto ndetse nyuma mwagiye mwizihiza umunsi w’amavuko wawe. Nyamara jyewe navutse ibisasu bya katiyusha binyura ku mutwe. Bambwiye ko igihe papa wawe yoherezaga ibisasu 12 icyarimwe, mama wanjye yagize ibise igihe kitageze, mu gihe (ababyeyi banjye) barimo bahunga so. Bambwiye ko muri icyo gihe iso yarimo atsembatsemba. Yariyarahiye gukubura Kiyombe, Cyungo, Bwisige, Kivuye na Kiyombe ngo murwego rwo kugutegurira amayira. Muri iyo nkubiri ibintu ntibyagendekeye neza Mama wanjye. Yagombaga guhita mbyara. Nyamara umuriro wa so wari mwinshi cyane. Mama wanjye yari azi ko gutinda gatoya byashoboraga kumushyira ku bugi bw’inkota ya so. Nuko rero Papa wanjye yahise atekereza uburyo yakemura icyo kibazo. Njye nari imfura ye. Yifuzaga ko twese twabaho ariko ingabo za so zari zitwegereye cyane. Ni uko Papa yabonye ikigega maze ashyiramo mama waribwaga cyane na we yinjiramo amufasha kunyibaruka, ni naho haturutse izina rya Kanyabigega.

Maze kuvuka ibintu byakomeje kudogera. Ibuka ko ikigega cyakijije ubuzima bw’abantu batatu, jyewe, mama na papa. Simfite umwanya wo kukunyuriramo mu magambo arambuye uburyo navutse ariko umenye ko Imana yahagaze hagati yanjye na So ikoresheje ikigega bityo ingabo za so ntizatubona.

Twihuse gatoya reka nkubwire undi munsi ukomeye mu buzima bwanjye, ubw’umuryango wanjye n’ubw’umuryango wawe.

Umunsi umwe mu mwaka wa 1993 ababyeyi banjye bagiye gushaka ibyo kurya kuko twari tumaze iminsi itatu nta kintu dukoza ku munwa. Icyo gihe twabaga mu nkambi y’abavanywe mu byabo ya Muhura. Ndizera ko is yakubwiye aho Muhura yari  iherereye. Mushiki wanjye yari afite amezi ane gusa na murumuna wanjye yari afite imyaka ibiri. Kuri uwo munsi murumuna wanjye yari arwaye kandi ashonje. Ni uko ababyeyi banjye baramutwaye we na mushiki wanjye babajyana ahitwa Nyagahanga. Muri aka gace hari hatuye masenge wari warahashyingiye ahitwa NEKE. Masenge yari yadutumiye ngo dufate ibiryo dushoboye kuko abana twari dushonje cyane. Ababyeyi banjye baragiye ntibagaruka, hagarutse gusa abakecuru ingabo za so zaretse ngo bazajye kubara inkuru. Uzagende ubaze aho Nyiramitsindo yabaga. Ni we watubwiye uko ingabo za so zaje zigatsemba urugo rwa masenge. Haje inyeshyamba 11 za FPR zuzuye ubugome zigendereye kungira imfubyi uwo munsi. Nko ku isaha ya saa cyenda nibwo zageze mu rugo rwa masenge zitwaje udufuni. Zishe abantu bose bari bahari hasigara Nyiramitsindo wenyine. Murumuna wanjye Migisha na mushiki wanjye Akizanye ntinbarokotse ngo barebe uko isi itembera ubu, bitewe na so uriho.

Mushiki wanjye Akizanye asekera kuri FACEBOOK

Mu gihe wibaga umugono maze ukiyerekana I Washington bityo ugahinduka ikirangirire mu ijoro rimwe umwenyura iruhande rwa so hejuru y’amafaramga ava mu misoro itangwa n’abenegihugu hari ikintu kimwe cyanje mu mu mutwe. Mushiki wanjye Akizanye aba ari kwizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 21 uyu munsi. Yari kuba kuri FACEBOOK yandika asangira n’inshuti ze ababwira uko yishimiye uyu munsi.

Akizanye yari kuba yishimiye ibyo nanditse ku rubuga rwe mubwira nti: Ugire isabukuru nziza baby girl, nishimiye kugira mushiki wanjye umeze nka we” . Nyamara ibi ntibyabaye bitewe na so uriho.

Iyo nkubonye ukura wishimye nibaza niba ujya utekereza ku bandi banyanrwanda batakaje ababyeyi babo biturutse ku bikorwa bya papa wawe. Ese iso yigeze akubwira ko we n’agatsiko bavanye Uganda banze guhagarika imirwano ndetse bakanga 40% by’imyanya muri guverinoma bari bahawe na Habyarimana? Ese iso yigeze akubwira ko ibyo byatumye habaho ubwicanyi bwakorewe inzirakarengane z’abatutsi bashoboraga kurokoka ndetse ubu bakaba baryohewe n’ubuzima nk’uko nawe bukuryoheye? Yigeze akubwira ko hari impinja ama miliyoni zari zifite umwaka umwe gusa igihe iso yarasaga indege ya Habyarimana na Ntaryamira? Ujya se wibaza uburyo iso yambujije kwibuka mu cyubahiro ababyeyi banjye n’abavandimwe Akizanye na Migisha, reka wenda ibyo kubashyingura mu cyubahiro tubireke!

Mu gusoza ibaruwa yanjye nshuti Ange, nifuzaga kukwibutsa ibikurikira: U Rwanda ni urw’Abanyarwanda, Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa ariko iso yahinduye igihugu cyacu igikumba cye bwite yiyibagiza ko Abanyarwanda bafite uburenganzira bwo kwibuka ababo bishwe. Abanyarwanda bazi neza badashidikanya ko kubera ibikorwa bya so, u Rwanda rwibukwaho jenoside kandi nyamara yarashoboraga kutabaho iyo iso ahagarika umutima w’inda nini.

Urubyiruko rw’Abanyarwanda rurashenguka ariko nta n’umwe wo kubara imkuru kuko dutinya iso azaza akatugira nk’ibyo yakoreye KIZITO Mihigo, na Patrick Karegeya. Ubu umwana wa Karegeya Portia Mbabazi yari kuba yizihiza imyaka 23 ari kumwe na se iyo so aza kuba atariho.

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Portia Mbabazi Karegeya

Nshuti Ange, ndi umusore w’umunyarwanda wabujijwe uburenganzira bwo kugira ababyeyi n’abavandimwe kandi aya mateka agera kuri buri wese yaba umututsi, hari miliyoni z’abatutsi zatakaje ababyeyi kubera so; haba no mu bahutu miliyoni z’abana b’abahutu babuze ababyeyi babo kubera so. Reka wenda tube twibagiwe Abatwa kuko na guverinoma zabanje ntizigeze zibaha ishema bakwiye ndetse n’ubutegetsi bwa so ni uko. Ubutaha nujya mu itangazamakuru kuruka, nyamuna ujye wibuka ko hari miliyoni z’abantu iso yasyonoreye aho.

Kanyabigega Elijah

Ushaka gusoma original text yayibona aha: https://gahunde.org/2014/08/11/a-young-rwandan-orphaned-by-rpf-reacts-on-the-ange-kagames-i-cant-live-without-my-parents/.

ABABURIYE MW’ITEMBAGAZWA RYA KAYIBANDA BIBUTSWE

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coup d'etat
Amakuru dukesha BBC Gahuza aremeza ababuriye mw’itembagazwa rya Kayibanda bibutswe. Ikigikorwa kikaba cyarabaye kuri kuwa 18/08/2014. BBC yemeza ko Uku kwibuka ababo kubaye ku nshuro ya mbere nyuma y’imyaka 41, ubutegetsi bwa Gerigori Kayibanda buhiritswe.

Abakomoka kuri ba nyakwigendera bavuga ko umuhango nk’uyu bakomeje kwifuza kuwutegura bikabananira kubera ko ubutegetsi bwishe ababo bwabanje kubugariza.

Ababuze ababo baravuga ko ubutegetsi bwabanje kubabuza na bo ubwabo gusohoka mu makomine yabo ya kavukire badahawe uruhusa ruturutse mu buyobozi bukuru bw’igihugu.

Kuva ku itariki ya 05 z’ukwa 7 muri 1973 ubwo perezida Habyarimana Yuvenali yafataga ubutegetsi, abanyapolitiki ba repubulika ya mbere barimo na perezida Kayibanda Gerigori wari usimbuwe barishwe.

Imiryango y’abahitanywe n’izo mpinduka ngo ntiyamenyeshejwe irengero ry’ababo, dore ko ngo no kubaza ibyabo byagaragaraga nko guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu.

Muri 1984 haje kubaho imanza zaje kwemeza bamwe mu basirikare bariho icyo gihe kugira uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abo banyapolitiki.

Bamwe mu bahamijwe icyaha barimo Colonel Lizinde Theoneste na Komanda Biseruka baje gukatirwa ibihano barafungwa, ingabo z’Inkotanyi ziza kubafungura ubwo zafataga gereza ya Ruhengeri muri 1991.

N’ubwo ababuze ababo bari bategereje kurenganurwa n’ubutegetsi ngo ntibarabigeraho.

Kuri ubu ngo icyo bifuza kurusha ibindi ni uburenganzira bwo kwibuka ababo ku mugaragaro, ndetse ngo bakemerwa nk’imfubyi za politiki nk’abandi bose bajyiye bayizira.

Bavuga na none ko kwibuka ababo bigomba gutandukanywa no kwifuza kwihorera kuko batabifite muri gahunda.

Ngo ahubwo bifuza ko ibyababyeho bitazaba ku bandi bana b’abanyapoliki mu gihe kiri imbere.

Jean Claude Nkubito

BBC Belgium

U.S. Conventional Weapons Destruction in Africa Sets Stage for Peace and Development

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Since 1993, the United States has partnered with 31 nations across the African continent to save lives and prevent injuries through conventional weapons destruction programs that safely clear landmines and unexploded ordnance in countries struggling to recover from armed conflict. The U.S. works with regional governments to dispose of excess small arms, light weapons, and munitions and secure remaining weapons stocks from potential diversion and illicit proliferation. Our $342 million investment in conventional weapons destruction across the African continent has saved lives as well as set the stage for humanitarian aid and development assistance.

Humanitarian Demining

  • U.S. support, along with support from our international partners, helped Nigeria and Burundi to declare themselves mine-free in 2011, and Uganda to declare itself landmine impact-free in 2012. With more than $53 million in U.S. aid, Mozambique, once among the world’s most landmine-affected nations, is also on track to declare itself mine-free by the end of next year. 
  • Current U.S.-funded humanitarian demining programs include projects in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Mozambique, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan, and Zimbabwe.

Securing Small Arms and Light Weapons

  • The U.S. Government assists African partners in securing or destroying surplus, obsolete, or poorly-secured conventional arms and ammunition, including man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS). 
  • Since 2001, the United States has funded the destruction of over 250,000 small arms and light weapons (SA/LW), and the unique marking of over 350,000 more to improve tracking and accountability in 24 African nations. 
  • The United States has invested $2.2 million to purchase weapons marking machines in support of the Regional Centre on Small Arms in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa (RECSA), a 15-nation regional initiative to address small arms proliferation. RECSA is based in Kenya and also works in Burundi, Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo, DRC, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. RECSA has marked more than 350,000 SA/LW with this equipment, and Rwanda and Seychelles have finished marking all police equipment. 
  • In the Sahel, the United States is working closely with Niger and other regional partners to address increased security challenges from SA/LW trafficking in the aftermath of the 2011 conflict in Libya. The United States has invested almost $1 million to help Niger right-size its SA/LW and munitions stockpile and improve physical security of arms storage sites, and plans to expand training and support efforts with countries in the region. These efforts will contribute to U.S. peace and security efforts through increased national capacity to secure SA/LW and work toward reductions of weapons available for illicit trafficking.

Since 1993, the United States has invested more than $2.3 billion in aid to more than 90 countries for conventional weapons destruction. To learn more about U.S. Conventional Weapons Destruction programs, including humanitarian demining, check out the latest edition of our annual report, To Walk the Earth in Safety.

Ikibazo cya Kiga-Nduga: Dukande twomora

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imbumda

Muri iyi minsi, nyuma y’aho hatangarijwe “Ikoraniro rya mbere ryo kuzirikana abahitanywe na Coup d’Etat yo kuwa 5 Nyakanga 1973 mu Rwanda”, haragarukwa cyane ku kibazo cya Kiga na Nduga cyabyaye intandaro, cyangwa cyavutse kuri ayo mateka ababaje. Ku ruhande rumwe, birakwiye kandi igihe cyari kigeze. Byaba akaga gutekereza ejo hazaza h’u Rwanda twirengagije ko kugira uburenganzira bungana ari imwe mu misingi y’amahoro arambye mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose. Muri urwo rwego, ni byiza kuba abazize jenoside bibukwa buri mwaka. Byabaye byiza kurushaho, uyu mwaka, ubwo amashyaka umuntu yakwita Nouvelle Génération yateraga intambwe yo gusabira abazize ubundi bwicanyi, cyane cyane bwakozwe na FPR, bari barashyizwe mu kato. Byongeye kuba byiza kwibuka aba banyarwanda bo muri 1973, na bo ni abacu. Ku rundi ruhande ariko, hatabayemo gushishoza, ibi bikorwa binyuranye byo kwibuka bishobora kugarukira ku marangamutima no guhagama mu mateka, hakabura intambwe igana imbere, ari yo musaruro nyakuri mu mateka no muri politiki.

1. Ihame ryo kwa muganga: kirazira kubaga umurwayi udashobora kumwomora.

Bijya bibaho ko umurwayi agana kwa muganga afite uburwayi busaba kubagwa (intervention chirurgicale). Biratungurana iyo kwa muganga bateye utwatsi ibyo kumubaga, kandi nyamara na bo badahakana ko byamubera umuti. Ibi biba nk’iyo bamusanganye umuvuduko w’amaraso ukabije (hypertension) bagatinya ko yagwa ku iseta, iyo afite amaraso make (anémie) cyangwa afite indi ndwara ituma amaraso ye atavura (nka diabète) bikaba byagorana kuvura ibikomere. Iyo habonetse imwe muri izo mpamvu, ibyo kumubaga barabizibukira, kuko biba bishobora kumuteza ikibazo kirenze icyo yari asanganwe. No mu mateka y’ibihugu ni kimwe. Gusubira mu mateka, cyane cyane ababaje, ni nko kubaga umurwayi. Ubikora, iyo ashaka kubaka, agomba guteganya n’uburyo azomora ibikomere nyuma yo kubaga umurwayi. Iyo ibi bidakozwe, umurwayi aba yongerewe “amahirwe yo gupfa”. Hejuru yo kuba ashobora kwicwa n’uburwayi, haba hiyongeyeho ko anashobora kwicwa n’ubuvuzi. Urugero ni ibyo kwibuka mu Rwanda. Kimwe mu byo abatari bake tunenga FPR, ni uko ibyo kwibuka abazize jenoside bikorwa nk’ubuvuzi butagamije gukiza indwara, ahubwo bugamije kuyikomeza no kuyongera.

2. Ihame ryo mu mateka: iyo uhanganye n’umuntu, utitonze, amaherezo urangiza mwarabaye mahwi.

Mu mibanire y’abantu, hari ibitangaza. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko iyo umuntu afite uwo bahanganye, muri uko kugenda baterana intobo n’amagambo, ifoto ye igenda imucengera buhoro buhoro atabizi, akazakanguka barabaye mahwi. Reka ntange urugero kuri Israheli. Icyo aba “nazi” bahemukiyeho abayahudi, si ukuba gusa barabishe mu ntambara ya kabiri y’isi yose. Icyabiherekeje kandi na cyo kibabaje, ni uko ya mikorere y’abanazi yo kwica nta mpuhwe inzirakarengane, yacengeye abayahudi bamwe, akaba ari yo uyu munsi barimo gukoresha ku banyapalestina. Iyo ubonye umuyobozi wa Israheli asobanura ku matereviziyo, nta soni, ko umutekano wayo ubaha uburenganzira bwo gutera bombe ahabonetse hose, zikarimbura abana amajana mu kwezi, ubona ko n’ubwo “abanazi” bapfuye, ariko “ubunazi” nk’imyumvire n’imikorere y’ubugome ntaho bwagiye.

N’ibi by’iwacu ni kimwe. Muri iyi myaka 20 ishize abantu bahanganye na FPR, tutitonze ushobora gusanga hari byinshi tuyinenga, nyamara kubera uko guhora twitsiritana na yo mu mpaka, tukagenda twandura tutabizi. Hari byinshi tuyinenga bizatinda bikubaka indiri mu bayinenga nyirizina. Kimwe muri byo, ni umuco wo kubaga ibibyimba udatekereza ku muti n’icyomoro. Tudashishoje, n’aya mateka yo kwibuka ni ko yarangira. Ugasanga, nk’uko FPR ibigenza, bihindutse umuti wica kurusha uburwayi. Ubwabyo birakwiye. Ikibazo gishobora kuvuka mu cyerekezo tubiha.

3. Kuvangura ibintu ni umusingi ukwiye.

Icya mbere dukwiye kugarukaho iyo hazamuwe icyitwa ikibazo ngo cya Kiga na Nduga, ni ukuvangura ibintu mu nzira eshatu, twumvikanisha iyo Kiga n’iyo Nduga izo ari zo.

Mu nzira ya mbere, birakwiye gusobanura Kiga na Nduga nk’imiterere y’ubutaka. Ku basoma Bibiliya, baribuka inkuru ya Bikira Mariya ajya gusura mubyara we Elizabeti (Lk 1,39). Bibiliya Ntagatifu y’abagatolika ivuga ko yagiye kumusura “mu misozi miremire”, n’aho bibiliya zimwe z’abaporoso zikavuga ko yagiye kumusura mu “Nkigacyangwa mu Rukiga”. Byombi ni byo. Mu kinyarwanda, Inkiga cyangwa Urukiga bivuga akarere k’imisozi miremire. Ni na yo mpamvu buri karere kagira inkiga zako. Ikinyuranyo cy’Urukiga ni amayaga, ni ukuvuga agace k’umurambi. Na za Gikongoro imisozi miremire bayita mu Nkiga. Za Gitarama umusozi wa Ndiza bawita mu Nkiga.

Mu nzira ya kabiri, Urukiga na Nduga ni uturere tuzwi mu mateka y’u Rwanda. Rukiga ni akarere k’ubuyobozi (disctrict) kabarizwaga hagati ya Byumba, Ngarama, Gabiro na Kinihira. Naho Nduga ho hari Gitarama yegereye mu Marangara. Ufatiye aha, wavuga ko gufata ibibazo byavutse hagati ya Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri ukabyita Nduga na Kiga ari ugupapira. Mu nzira ya mbere, Inkiga ziri hose ahari imisozi miremire. Na Gitarama, ahegereye umusozi wa Ndiza bahita mu Nkiga. Mu nzira ya kabiri, urabona ko ibibazo hagati ya repubulika zombi bidakwiye kwitwa Kiga na Nduga. Ntabo tuzi bo muri repubulika ya kabiri bavukaga ahahoze hitwa Rukiga. Ndetse n’abo mu ya mbere bavukaga ahitwa Nduga babarirwa ku ntoki z’ikiganza kimwe.

Mu nzira ya gatatu ariko, tugarukiye aha, twaba twanduye ya ndwara ya FPR yo kuvuga ngo nta kibazo gihari, mu gihe n’uruhinja rubona ko gihari koko. Turetse inyito ya Kiga na Nduga bahaye iki kibazo mu kwibeshya cyangwa ku zindi nyungu, ikibazo cy’ivangura rishingiye ku duce tunyuranye tw’u Rwanda cyabaye hagati ya repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri gikwiye kwitabwaho. Ibiri amambu, tugiye kwerekana indi nkomoko yacyo abantu batajya bitaho.

4. Imiterere y’aho abantu bakomoka (facteur géographique) igira ingaruka ku myumvire yabo ya politiki.

Usesenguye amateka y’isi, usanga abo mu majyepfo n’abo mu majyaruguru batagira imyumvire imwe ya politiki. Ibi kandi si umwihariko w’u Rwanda.

Tugiye mu mateka ya kera, natanga urugero rwa Israheli. Kuva mu bihe bya kera, abo mu majyaruguru (Galileya na Samariya) n’abo mu majyepfo (Yudeya) bamye badahuza mu myumvire ya politiki. Mu Byakozwe n’Intumwa 5,36-39, umuhanga Gamaliyeli avuga mu ncamake imyivumbagatanyo ya Politiki yahungabanyije Israheli mu gihe cya Yezu. Igitangaje ni uko izo mpinduramatwara zose zabaga zirangajwe imbere n’abo mu majyaruguru (Tewudasi, Yuda w’umunyagalileya, Yezu, twakongeraho na Yohani Batista). Iki ni icyitegererezo ko amajyaruguru n’amajyepfo batahuzaga mu bya politiki.

Tugiye mu mateka y’ubu, twafata urugero ku Burayi. Mu byegeranyo byose bivuga ku bipimo by’intambwe ya demokarasi, ibihugu byo mu majyaruguru (Damenark, Norvège, Finlande, Swède) biza iteka imbere y’ibigana mu majyepfo (Portugal, Espagne, France, Italie). Abahanga berekana ko bifite igisobanuro mu miterere y’akarere (facteur géographique). Ndetse ugereranije isi yose, ubona ko demokarasi no kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu bigenda bigira ingufu uko werekeza mu majyaruguru y’isi, wagana mu majyepfo (ahari na Afurika) bikazamba.

N’iwacu, kuba abantu banyuranya muri politiki biturutse ku turere bavukamo, ntibitangaje kandi si iby’ubu. Duhereye mu mateka ya kure, Umwanditsi Jan Vansina, mu gitabo cye (Le Rwanda Ancien), yerekana icyo kinyuranyo ku ipaji ya 229. Uko abisesengura, ahagana muri 1897, ubutegetsi bw’umwami bwari bugeramiwe muri rusange mu majyaruguru, mu gihe mu majyepfo ho bwari bugikanyakanya. Twanibutsa ko mu bice by’amajyaruguru hari henshi ubuhake butabarizwaga. Ndetse uriya muhanga yerekana uburyo umwaduko w’abakoroni wahaye agahenge ubwami, ukabuha ijambo muri utwo duce tw’amajyaruguru, aho ubundi bwari bugeramiwe n’imyivumbagatanyo.

Munyumve nesa, sinshaka guhamya ko abo mu majyaruguru baba ari aba “démocrates” kurusha abo mu majyepfo, ubushakashatsi ntibubinyemerera, cyakoze kuba hari isano hagati y’aho abantu bakomoka n’imyumvire yabo ya politiki, byo ni ukuri. No kuba abanyarwanda bagira imyumvire inyuranye bitewe n’igice cy’u Rwanda bakomokamo, nta gitangaje kirimo ahubwo ni ubukungu. Ubundi muri politiki, kuba hari imyumvire inyuranye si ikibazo. Ikibazo kivuka iyo hatabonetse inzira zo kuyiha uruhare mu kubaka igihugu bose bahuriyeho. Iki ni cyo kibazo cy’ukuri.

5. Ikibazo cy’ukuri: umukino utagira amategeko no gusimburana mu kibuga.

Kunyuranya muri politiki si umwihariko w’abanyarwanda. Ndetse ahubwo, politiki ni cyo ibereyeho. Ni urubuga rwo guhurizamo amakipe anyuranye, akina binyuranye, ariko hagamijwe guteza umukino imbere. Igituma ahandi umukino wa politiki ushoboka kandi ugakorwa mu mudendezo (ari byo twita demokarasi), si uko batanyuranyije mu myumvire, ahubwo ni uko bashyizeho amategeko agenga umukino, yubashywe na bose, ari yo bita mu gifaransa “les institutions”. Dukoresheje iyo shusho y’umupira w’amaguru, inzego cyangwa “institutions” ni nk’amategeko agenga umukino. Buri wese akaba azi ibyemewe n’ibidakorwa, ibigawa n’ibishimwa; hakaba abashinzwe gukina (amashyaka anyuranye) n’abashinzwe gusifura (ubutabera bwigenga); “championat” ari yo mandat ikagira igihe itangirira n’igihe irangirira; utsinzwe akamenya igihe “championat” y’ubutaha izatangirira, akaba atoza ikipe ye; utsinze na we ntiyirare, akamenya ko ubutaha arangaye bamutsinda mpaga; buri wese akamenya imyitwarire ihanishwa ikarita y’umuhondo cyangwa umutuku; hakamenyekana uko abakinnyi basimburana mu kibuga n’ibindi.

Ikibazo cy’ukuri mu Rwanda si abakinnyi banyuranye mu myumvire n’imikinire. Ni uko umukino wa politiki mu Rwanda waranzwe no kutagira amategeko. Iyo nta mategeko, n’ubwo waba umupira w’amaguru, bibyara ingorane zikomeye. Urase umupira, araha akaguru ka mugenzi we; ukiniwe nabi agatora amabuye; uteye igicamurundi ntagire inkurikizi; ushatse agacishamo agakinisha n’amaboko; uhawe ikarita y’umutuku akarahira ko aho gusohoka mu kibuga yasiga agitwitse; uwatsinzwe mu cyiciro cya mbere (première division) agomba kumanuka mu cya kabiri, agatora umuheto akemeza bose ko ari we watwaye igikombe cya championat… ngayo ng’uko. Ushaka kumva ingorane za politiki y’u Rwanda, nafate icyo kigereranyo cy’umupira w’amaguru agikoreshe ku bibazo bya politiki n’imiyoborere.

Iyicwa ry’abanyapolitiki bo muri repubulika ya mbere waryumva muri ubu buryo.Kubibuka ni byiza, ariko igikuru ni uko byaba umwanya wo kureba icyakorwa ngo uyu mukino wa politiki ugire amategeko azwi, yemeranijweho, kandi yubashywe na bose. Niba bitabaye, ziracyapfa Bitanihira! Ikibazo nyakuri ni ukwibaza impamvu iteka impinduka z’ubutegetsi ziherekezwa n’amaraso. Yaramenetse hagati y’ubwami na repubukila ya mbere, arameneka hagati ya repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri, arameneka hagati y’iya kabiri n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR…….kuzageza ryari? Intambwe ya mbere ni uko abantu batakwinjira muri izi mpaka gusa nk’abanyamateka, ahubwo bakwiye kuzinjiramo nk’abanyapolitiki.

6.Itandukaniro hagati yo gucukumbura amateka no gukora politiki.

Ucukumbura amateka aba agamije kumva ibyabaye, ukora politiki aba agamije kurema (déterminer) ibizaba. Impungenge mfite ni uko impaka nyinshi no gucukumbura birimo bikorwa ku kibazo cy’abanyapolitiki bo muri repubulika ya mbere bishwe, zishobora kuzuramo amateka, zikaburamo politiki. Twaba duhombye. Bibaye, zaba zifite amahirwe menshi yo gusiga ibintu aho zabisanze, niba zitabisubije inyuma. Abateguye ibikorwa byo kubibuka basobanura ikigamijwe muri aya amagambo:

“Nyuma y’imyaka 41 y’intimba, nta n’uburenganzira na mba bwo kuyaga cyangwa kuyagirwa twe basize inyuma twigeze tugira, igihe kirageze, ku babishoboye, ngo baruhuke ingoyi y’ibikomere bikibashegesha umutima. Ni n’umwanya wo kwifatanya n’inshuti tugasangira ishavu, akababaro no kwizera, tukanagaruka ku kitwibutsa abacu. Ni umwanya kandi utagira uko usa wo gushimira ababasimbuye mu kutubera ababyeyi, kimwe n’abandi bose batugaragarije ko bifatanyije natwe muri ayo makuba”.

Ni byiza, nk’imiryango yabuze ababo, igitekerezo cyabo ni icyo gushyigikirwa, ndetse njye nzajya kubafata mu mugongo. Kubasaba ibirenze ibi, byaba ari ubushotoranyi. Gusa na none, birakwiye ko abakora politiki bo batera indi ntambwe. Igikorwa nk’iki aba ari umwanya wo guteza imbere imyumvire n’imikorere ya politiki. Dore nk’ubu abana bakomoka kuri ziriya ntwari za demokarasi bari bakwiye kugira uruhare muri politiki, urumuri rwa demokarasi rwacanywe n’abababyara, ntiruzimirire ku barwonse mu mashereka, bakarutora ku byahi. Ariko se byaba bimaze iki kubatumira mu kibuga, aho uzabavuna amaguru atazahabwa n’ikarita y’umuhondo? Ese wababwira ngo nimuze muri politiki namwe muzahasige ubuzima nka ba so na sogokuru? Abanyapolitiki, cyane cyane ababyiruka, ba “basore bashaje”, iyi ni imwe mu mpinduka bashobora kuzana. Kurwanira ko politiki nyarwanda yareka kuba irimbi ry’intwari n’ijabiro ry’ibigwari. Politiki si ubushakahatsi ku byahise gusa, ni no kurema ibizaza. Itandukaniro hagati y’umunyapolitiki na rubanda rusanzwe, ni uko mu gihe rubanda twe dutegereza ibizaza tukazareba n’uko tubyitwaramo, umunyapolitiki we ari wa wundi uharanira ko byazagenda uko abishaka. Kandi birashoboka.

Hari uwabyumva akagira ati noneho abanyapolitiki ubahinduye imana. Oya, ariko dufashe urugero buri wese yakumva. Reba Kagame na FPR ye. Wabakunda, utabakunda, kwemera ko hari ibyo bashoboye byananiye abandi ni ukugira ubudakemwa mu bwenge (honnêteté intellectuelle). Kagame na FPR bashoboraga gutegereza uko ingoma ya Habyarimana izarangira, ariko nk’abanyapolitiki, bahisemo gutegura no kurema (déterminer) uko bazayirangiza. Bategura kwica Habyarimana banabigeraho. Muri uwo mugambi wo kurema ibiri imbere, banateguye uko “opposition” y’imbere mu gihugu izabafasha, barangiza bakayirimburana n’imizi. Na byo byageze aho birashyika. Ndetse banateguye uburyo iyo “opposition” bayibibamo urubori ruzatuma icyo gisekuru kitongera kwegura umutwe, babacamo ibice. Bariherereye, birenza ba Gatabazi na Gapyisi, baricecekera, bagenzi babo bajya ku maradiyo babishinja Habyarimana.

Ikigaragara ni uko “opposition” y’imbere yakoraga nka rubanda, yategerezaga ibiba, ikareba uko yabyitwaramo. Yarakurikiraga, ntiyateguraga. Nta mugambi wa politiki yagiraga. Naho FPR yo yarabiteguraga ikanabirema, ari cyo mu by’ukuri cyitwa gukora politiki. Uko guhuzagurika kwa “opposition” kwatumye abari bafatanyije no mu mashyaka amwe icyo gihe, ubu ntawe usuhuzanya n’undi. Siniriwe nshyiraho amazina. FPR yaboneyeho akanya irabacanga nk’ucanga amakarita, ku buryo n’abari basangwanywe amasano ya hafi mu miryango, ubu aho umwe anyuze undi ahanyuza umuriro. Aha hanadufasha kumva impamvu muri iyi myaka 20 ishize, abantu bari barakoranye, byabananiye kwiyegeranya ngo bareme opposition ifite imbaraga zo guhangana na FPR. Aha wanahashingira wumva icyo mpora nsubiramo ko politiki ya opposition izatangizwa n’abasore n’inkumi bazamutse (bashaje).

Ntihagire ubisimbukiraho ngo akeke ko mpamagarira abanyapolitiki bazamutse gukora politiki ndimburambaga nk’iya FPR. Oya rwose ntibikabe. Na FPR ntibyayihiriye, dore biyigejeje aharindimuka. Gusa FPR ni urugero rw’icyo bita gukora politiki, ufite icyerekezo, ufite umugambi. Icyo nshaka kwerekana ni uko kuba FPR yarabishoboye mu bibi, ari ikimenyetso cy’uko abantu banabishobora mu byiza. Gusa ntihagire uwibeshya ko bigerwaho mu munsi umwe. Na FPR byayitwaye hafi imyaka 30. Uwashaka kugira aho agera, niyicare yubake icyerekezo atarambirwa.

Umusozo: mwana wanjye uzabe ingenzi, uzase nanjye urenzeho unsumbe ndabigusabye.

Banyapolitiki murimo muzamuka, nimwe mbwira. Ndabandikiye kuko nemera ko ari mwe muzazahura politiki ya opposition murema inzira nshyashya. Ndabandikiye kuko ibihe byahindutse, bikaba bisaba imikorere mishya. Ndabandikiye kuko ababyeyi banyu cyangwa bakuru banyu hari henshi banyereye, hari byinshi bagonganiyemo imanga byateye ikaba yarababujije kwisuganya ngo politiki y’u Rwanda yubure umutwe. Ndabandikiye kuko mutari ibitangaza kubarusha. Gusa bashobora kubabera icyitegererezo. Aho batsitaye mwizibukire, aho banyereye musimbuke cyangwa mwambare “godiyo”, aho bakoze neza mukomerezeho. Nibataba ababyeyi gito cyangwa abakuru shyari, bazababwira nka Rugamba bati “mwana wanjye uzabe ingenzi, uzase nanjye urenzeho unsumbe, ndabigusabye”.Nyamara birakwiye gushishoza aho mukwiye gusa n’aho mukeneye kubarenga. Ngiyi intangiro ya politiki: kudategereza ibizaza, ahubwo tugaharanira kubihanga.

 

Edmond MUNYANGAJU