Politiki ya Opozisiyo: Iyo “Abafana” bihaye gusimbura “Abakinnyi” mu kibuga birangira bite?

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 Abanyapolitiki ba nouvelle génération

Icara ahatuje maze ufate iminota ibiri gusa yo gutekereza:  Gerageza gushushanya mu mutwe wawe ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru iri mu irushanwa ihatanira gucyura igikombe cy’isi . Iri mu kibuga, abafana nabo buzuye stade. Umukino w’ikipe ntunyuze abafana, ntibumva neza impamvu ikipe yabo itari gukina uko babyifuza none bamwe muribo bafashe icyemezo cyo kumanukira mu kibuga bagasimbura abakinnyi….birarangira bite?

Kimwe mu bizwi ni uko iminota icumi gusa yajya gushira abafana bihinduye abakinnyi bamaze guta igihaha! Kwicara ku ntebe y’umufana no gufata umwanya mu kibuga nk’umukinnyi ni ibintu bibiri bihabanye cyane! Gusa ibyo nibyo bamwe mu bafana ba politiki y’u Rwanda badashaka kumva  kandi biyita inzobere !

Muri iyi minsi, ikibazo cyo kurambirwa ubuhungiro no guhogozwa n’akarengane ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwa Paul Kagame bukomeje kugirira rubanda kigiye gutuma bamwe bata amapantalo bakiruka ku gasozi izuba riva!

Nakomeje gusoma inyandiko nyinshi zinyuranye z’abavuga ko bakurikiranira politiki y’u Rwanda hafi. Ndazisoma zose, nta n’imwe incika. Ni mu gihe, narabyiyemeje. Sintangazwa n’ibyo bavuga bitaba bibuzemo agace k’ukuri ahubwo ntangazwa n’uko bateye, n’uko bakora, bo ubwabo . Hari abihinduye abarimu mu bya politiki(Teachers of politics) reka ntiwareba, none bageze no ku rwego rwo kwiyumvamo ububasha bwo kwirirwa “batukagura” abanyarwanda b’intwari birya bakimara…bashakira u Rwanda amahoro! Umuntu agatinyuka akita abagerageza kugira icyo bakora ngo ni ”Ibigarasha n’abahutu b’abanyenda nini zataye ku gasi”! Singiye kubeshya, uko nagendaga nsoma inkuru ya Lyarahoze Samuel narushagaho kuyibonamo ikintu gipfuye ku buryo kuyireka igahita ntacyo abantu bayivuzeho byaba atari byiza. Siyo yonyine iteye itya, muri iyi minsi hadutse n’izindi nkayo, zitiza umurindi uwo turwanya n’iyo banyirikuzandika baba batabigambiriye. Ariko iya Samuel Lyarahoze yo ifite umwihariko.

1. “Ibigarasha n’ibihutu by’inda nini zataye ku gasi”

Inyandiko yasohotse ku Ikazeiwacu, kuri Therwandan, no kuzindi mbuga nkoranyambaga yitwa “Ibigarasha n’ibihutu by’inda nini zataye ku gasi nibireke Paul Kagame yitegekere” yaje ikurikira izindi nyinshi uyu mugabo witwa Samuel Lyarahoze yanditse, agaragaza ko ari we wenyine uzi ikigomba gukorwa kugira ngo impinduka igere mu Rwanda, ngo iturutse ku biganiro hagati ya FPR na Opozisiyo! Sinanze ko uyu mugabo atanga ibitekerezo bye. Ni uburenganzira bwa buri wese. Ariko kubahuka abanyapolitiki bose bagerageza kwitanga akagera n’ubwo abatukira mu binyamakuru, si ibyo gucecekwa.

Amagambo ye sinyabona mu rwego rwo gukabya inkuru bisanzwe, afite aho ahuriye no “gusebanya no gutukana” kandi ibi byombi ni ibyaha bihanwa n’amategeko mu bihugu byose. Amagambo ye nayafashe nk’agamije guca intege abanyarwanda bake bagira icyo bakora ngo ibintu bibe byahinduka mu Rwanda.

Uyu mugabo ngo uzi icyakiza u Rwanda yananijwe n’iki guhaguruka ngo abishyire mu bikorwa, ubwo wumva abandi ari  “Ibigarasha n’ibihutu by’ibinyanda nini yataye ku gasi”? Niba andi mashyaka ya opozisiyo yose “ntacyo akora” kandi akaba ari “ntacyo amaze”yashinze irye rifite ingufu maze rigakiza Abanyarwanda bwangu nk’uko abyifuza ? Ese ubundi ashingira he yemeza ko FPR yiteguye kuganira na Opozisiyo, ko abantu basigaye bitiranya inzozi zabo n’ukuri?

Kugeza ubu Samuel Lyarahoze twese tuzi yaba yarakoze iki kigaragara ngo tumwemere nk’umunyabisubizo ariko areke amagambo adafite icyo apfana n’ibikorwa ? Samuel Lyarahoze abarizwa mu rihe shyaka yaba yaragerageje gutera inkunga ifatika bityo akaba ariho aribaza raporo?

Samweli Lyarahoze arahagarara ku maguru yombi agasubira mu mvugo nyandagazi ya Paul Kagame ngo  abanyapolitiki ba Opozisiyo ni “ Injiji zize” , bityo agasigara ari we mpuguke wenyine, uhagaze neza mu kibuga ! Kandi nta mugayo, icyo  ubuhanga bwe buhanitse bugambiriye ni ukumvisha abanyapolitiki ba Opozisiyo  ko Opozisiyo nyarwanda izabaho ari uko amashyaka yose asenyutse hagasigara rimwe rukumbi, kandi naryo rikaba nta yindi “agenda” rigomba kugira uretse gushyigikira FDLR ! Analyse y’uyu mu “Teacher of politics”, irasobanutse neza ariko irimo ikibazo gikomeye. Ntabwo nyirayo abona ko atari “analyse politique” ahubwo ari uruhererekane rw’amarangamutima (“declaration sentimentale”).

2. Ibintu bipfira he? Kuki Politiki ikomeje gusimbuzwa amarangamutima?

Iyo usomye neza inyandiko ya Bwana Lyarahoze Samuel uhita wibonera ko uyu mugabo yaciwe intege bikomeye na declaration ya EU ! Arabivuga muri aya magambo:

“Ku banyarwanda bari ku ngoyi ya Kagame n’agatsiko ke, ndetse n’abamuhunze twifuza gutaha mu gihugu cyacu, ingingo ya gatatu y’iri tangazo ni amahano. Ivuga ko « (…) Umuryango w’Ubumwe w’Uburaya wibukije ko gufasha FDLR uko ariko kose binyuranije n’ ibyemezo bya LONI n’ibya EU mu kurwanya uwo mutwe. (…) Umuryango w’Ubumwe w’Uburaya wakiriye neza itangazo ry’u Rwanda ryemerera abarwanyi ba FDLR gutaha iwabo nkuko byari bisanzwe bikorwa muri DDR» Byisomere nawe mu cyongereza. « (…) The EU recalls that any support to the FDLR is in contravention of existing UN and EU restrictive measures. (…)The EU welcomes the statement of the Government of Rwanda to accept voluntary returnees from the FDLR in the context of the DDR process. »

 

Uyu mugabo akababaro afite turagasangiye. Ariko ndamushinja ibitotsi yibereyemo akaba atarigeze yumva akamo duhora tutera Abanyarwanda tubabwira ngo nibakanguke babone ko « Nta wundi ubitubereyemo » !

Lyarahoze Samuel yibereye muri ba bandi bishuka ko ibihugu by’amahanga nka Tanzaniya, za EU, UN, …. bifata umwanya wabyo batekerereza abanyarwanda ikizabakiza ubutegetsi bwa Kagame. Aricara akishuka mu mutima we ko Abahutu bafite ibihugu bibakunda bizababuza kurimburwa na Kagame.

Wagira ngo Samuel Lyarahoze yibagiwe uko abo Bahutu avuga barasiwe umugenda mu mashyamba, impinja, abangavu,abasore,inkumi,abakecuru n’abakambwe batagira ingano  bakahasiga agatwe, n’ubu abo ibisimba bitagugunnye bakaba bacyanitse amenyo iyo mu mashyamba ya Kongo…ayo mahanga ahari, arebera ! Ndetse harimo n’ayashyigikiye FPR-Inkotanyi kuva zitera u Rwanda taliki ya 1/10/1990 kugeza n’ubu, mu gihe abaturage batwikirwa muri Gereza, bakaraswa izuba riva…. !

None dore disi Lyarahoze Samuel aracyatangazwa n’uko intero ari mwe ngo « gufasha FDLR » mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose ni icyaha !

Abakurambere baciye umugani ngo « umugabo arigira atakwigira agapfa » ! FDLR ntizakizwa n’abirirwa bayogeza ariko mu by’ukuri nta kindi bayimariye, baticara ngo batekereze igisubizo cya politiki gifatika. Twigeze gutangaza ku Ikondera infos ngo « Nyamara hari ukundi FDLR yafashwa ».Koko rero hari abafite « propositions » zifatika, umunsi ijwi ryabo ryumviswe n’abo bireba, bazatanga umuganda wabo. Nta muntu mukuru uhatirwa kunywa umuti atabishaka. Iyo kandi uwawe yanze kunywa umuti, nta we bitangaza iyo indwara imuhitanye. Gusa birababaza.

Naho ba Lyarahoze bigira nk’abatabona uko iyi si ikora,bazatukana barambirane, bazarira bahogore, biciragureho bishyire kera, barinde bashiramo umwuka…ababo bakomeze bazire akamama, kandi isi ikomeze izunguruke !

Abanyarwanda bose nibabyumve neza cyangwa barorera : Biri muri kamere y’imikorere y’ibihugu ko buri cyose giharanira inyugu zacyo bwite. Nta gihugu na kimwe ku isi giharanira inyungu z’Abanyarwanda, nta cyigeze kubaho, nta n’ikizabaho. Abanyarwanda bari ku ngoyi nibatamenya gukorana n’iyo « formule », baracyapfa.

Icy’ibanze gikwiye gukorwa ni uko tugomba kwemera guhindura imyumvire (to change our mind) : uwihambira ku byahise barajyana naho ugerageza kugomera ibizanye umuvumba bikamuhitana.

Niba dushaka gukomeza kubaho, abarokotse FPR n’abandi bicanyi nabo bakabasha guhumeka, « Gukomeza gufunga umutwe », ni ukubisezeraho. Igisubizo kiri mu « gufungura umutwe », tukamenya gutekereza no guhanga inzira nshya iganisha ku mukiro w’Abanyarwanda bose muri rusange. Kandi biri mu bushobozi bwacu.

Gusa nanjye ndemera koko ko hari ibindi bintu bibiri dukwiye kwirinda . Icyambere ni ukwigira Bamenya na Kamara. Icya kabiri ni ugukomeza kwituramira no kwigira ba Ntibindeba : buri wese agomba kugira icyo yigomwa, akagira icyo akora kugira ngo uru rugamba rutere intambwe. Banyarwanda nimureke ingeso yo gutererana Abanyapolitiki banyu no kubajomba ibikwasi gusa, buri wese nashyigikire Ishyaka yibonamo rigire ingufu…, twese tuzabyungukiramo kuko abahanga bavuga ngo « ibizamuka bigira aho bihurira »(Tout ce qui monte converge) ! Erega koko « nta wundi ubitubereyemo » !

3.Tubyumve dute ?

(1)Kagame si umuswa muri politiki. Afite iturufu imwe gusa imufitiye akamaro kurusha izindi zose. Gukomeza gufata ikibazo cya politiki y’u Rwanda, akagihindura « FPR versus FDLR » kandi azi neza ko uwo mutwe yarangije kuwuzahaza bihagije ku buryo ntacyo watwara ubutegetsi bwe ; bikemerwa n’amahanga atumva iby’iwacu cyangwa se ibihugu byifitiye inyungu mu kubitwara uko Kagame abivuga,  kandi hakiyongeraho n’Abanyarwanda ubwabo birirwa basubiramo nka gasuku iyo ntero…bakuririza ibitariho, baha Kagame impamvu n’urwitwazo rwo gukomeza gutera, gusahura no gukwirakwiza umutekano muke mu gihugu cy’abandi ataretse no kurimbura impunzi…aho niho hari izingiro ry’ikibazo cya politiki kibangamiye bikomeye Opozisiyo nyarwanda muri iki gihe.Utabibona atyo ni akazi ke.

(2)Aho Lyarahoze Samuel yaba arimo kwitegereza uko HAMAS ishotora Isiraheli, abaturage ba Gaza bakahabonera ishyano kandi Hamas ntigire icyo ibamarira ? Buriya se bariya Banyapalestina bari kwicwa nk’udushwiriri barazira iki koko ? Buriya ariya mazu ya rubanda asenyagurwa kariya kageni azasanwa na HAMAS ? Abaturage bahatakarije abantu babo bazahozwa na nde ? Simvuze ko Isiraheli ifite ukuri muri buriya bugizi bwa nabi iri gukorera inzirakarengane. Gusa iyo ndebye ibibera hariya mpita nibonera iby’i Rwanda ! Twishakemo ukwihangana n’ubushishozi, twitabaze ubwenge maze twirinde guhuha ku bishashi byashumika igihugu cyose, tumeze nk’abana bariho bikinira.

(3)Mboneyeho akanya ko gushyigikira ku mugaragaro icyemezo abayobozi ba FDLR bafashe bakanagitangaza cyo kurambika intwaro hasi, maze ikibazo cya politiki y’u Rwanda kikabona uko gisuzumwa nka « FPR versus Opozisiyo yose ». Aha niho igisubizo kizaturuka, nta handi.

Umwanzuro

(1)Iyo mba nashoboraga kwivugira icyo nishakiye ntibifatwe nk’ubushizi bw’isoni mba mbwiye Samwel Lyarahoze nti “kura ibyo aho”. Ariko siniriwe mbivuga, ndamwubashye. Gusa kora “ndebe iruta vuga numve”.

(2)Amashyaka menshi siyo kibazo, ndetse ahubwo njye navuga ko ari umugisha kuko uko agenda avuka ari nako akomeza gutinyura Abanyarwanda benshi biberaga mu myobo biturutse ku iterabwoba Kagame adahwema kubashyiraho. Amaherezo azagira aho ahurira, « opportunité » nyayo niboneka. Lyarahoze Samuel niba uri umugabo, nawe uzarebe abo mwumva ibintu kimwe, (niba babaho !), namwe mutangize umutwe wa politiki ushakira Abanyarwanda bose icyiza, mu buryo bwihuse udahwema kuvuga. Tuzabakira neza mu ruhando rwa politiki. Naho gukomeza kwitakuma uha abandi amasomo wowe ntacyo ukora, uwo ni umuco uzwi nk’umwihariko w’abo Bibiliya yita « Abafarisaziyi » : « Baravuga ariko ntibakore », « Ils disent et ne font rien ». (Matayo 23, 2). Ubanza umuco nk’uwo atariwo uzakiza u Rwanda !

Naho niba unyurwa no kwibera umufana gusa, witandukira, igumire mu mwanya wawe ! Kuko iyo Abafana bihaye gusimbura abakinnyi mu kibuga, birangira bakozwe n’isoni kurushaho. Ntibikakubeho.

Amahoro ku Banyarwanda bose baharanira impinduka.

Padiri Thomas Nahimana.

Umuyobozi w’Ishema ry’U Rwanda.

IKIPE ISHEMA IVUTSE I LILONGWE/MALAWI: “ Nta wundi ubitubereyemo !“

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00000000000000000000Jimy

NDAYISENGA Theoneste bakunze guhamagara ku kazina ka JIMMY uhagarariye Ishyaka Ishema ry’u Rwanda mu gihugu cya Malawi. 

 

Nyuma y’Uruzinduko Abataripfana Padiri Thomas nanjye Nkurunziza Venant twagiriye mu gihugu cya Malawi,muri Gicurasi 2014, hari Abanyarwanda batari bake bakiriye neza ijambo twaganiriye ndetse rwose biyemeza no guhaguruka bashinga Ikipe Ishema . Biyemeje gutsinda ubwoba bakajya mu ruhando rwa politiki ku mugaragaro , bakereka abandi ko gushyigikira imigambi myiza y’Ishema Party ntawe bikwiye gutera ipfunwe ko ahubwo byerekana ubutwari bw’abanyapolitiki bashya batangiye kwigaragaza.  Ntabwo Abataripfana baje gukora politiki ishaje ya yindi yubakira byose ku mpuha no kunyurwa manuma ngo hari abandi babitubereyemo ! Ntabwo abataripfana babarizwa muri babanyapolitiki bakomeza kwishuka ngo hari abazungu bazadukuriraho Kagame twe twituramiye, ngo hari ingabo tutazi zizamanuka mu ijuru zikaturwanirira…!

Imyaka ibaye myinshi Abanyarwanda birukanswa , barasirwa mu mashyamba, banigirwa mu buhungiro, baterwa ubwoba, batwikirwa amazu, barandurirwa imyaka, abanyeshuri bavangurwa bamwe ntibafashwe na Leta kandi batabuze ubwenge bazira gusa ubwoko bwabo…”Koko iyo Umugabo akwirukankanye cyane agera aho akakumara ubwoba”. Ni ngombwa ko natwe duhagarara tugasuhuza umutima, tukiyemeza gufata inzira isubira mu Rwanda bidatinze. Kandi tukagenda tutububa, tugatahuka tudacuritse imitwe nk’ibihwagari, ahubwo tukagenda twemye, twiyemeje guhangara ubutegetsi bwa FPR bwubakiye ku iterabwoba, ikinyoma, irondakoko rikabije n’ukwikubira ibyiza byose by’igihugu, kugeza tubutsinsuye izuba riva. Ibyo kandi tuzabigeraho mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu yo mu 2017 twizeye gutsinda. Inzira y’amatora adafifise  nikomeza gufungwa, tuzitabaza Revolisiyo ya rubanda idasesa amaraso, maze duhagurutse rubanda isezerere shishi itabona ubutegetsi bwahinduye abaturage inkomamashyi mu gihugu cyabo. Nk’uko umukandida wagenwe n’Ishyaka Ishema, ariwe Padiri Thomas Nahimana, adahwema kubitwibutsa “Ibyo biri mu bushobozi bwacu”. Si inzozi, ni IBISHOBOKA. Nta zindi ngufu zidasanzwe dukeneye ngo tubigereho uretse UBUSHAKE n’UKWIYEMEZA byacu gusa.

Tuboneyeho akanya ko gusaba Abanyarwanda bose batuye mu gihugu cya Malawi gushyigikira urubyiruko rugize iyi Kipe Ishema nshya. Turabararikira kandi gukurikiranira hafi gahunda z’Ishyaka Ishema  rigizwe ahanini n’Abanyapolitiki batigeze bijandika mu mahano yashenye u Rwanda kandi bakaba bafite imigambi mishya yo guhindura u Rwanda igihugu cy’amahoro cyubakiye ku ndangagaciro z’ukuri, ubutwari n’ugusaranganya neza ibyiza byose by’igihugu.

Jimy

Jimmy na Melanie bahagarariye ikipe ISHEMA

Kimwe mu by’ingenzi Politiki yacu izashyira imbere, harimo  uguteza urubyiruko imbere, rugafashwa na Leta kwiga neza amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye na kaminuza, nta kuvangura abana hashingiwe ku bwoko nk’uko FPR ibikora muri iki gihe. Abana batazashobora kwiga amashuri maremare, bazahabwa amahirwe yo kwiga mu mashuri agezweho y’ imyuga ku buryo buri mwana w’u Rwanda azigishwa umwuga wamutunga, yawukorera mu Rwanda cyangwa mu mahanga.

Reka twibutse ko mu by’ukuri iyi Ikipe Ishema yavukiye mu nkambi ya Dzaleka. Abanyarwanda b’impunzi mubarizwa muri iyo nkambi nimumenye rero ko Ishyaka Ishema ryabegereye, maze murishyire ku mutima, murigire iryanyu burundu, muri iki gihe no mu kizaza .

Tuboneyeho guha ikaze umuyobozi w’iyi Kipe Ishema ariwe Nyakubahwa NDAYISENGA Theoneste bakunze guhamagara ku kazina ka JIMY , kandi dutangarije rubanda ko ari we Uhagarariye Ishyaka Ishema ry’u Rwanda mu gihugu cya Malawi.

Ndayisenga Theoneste yavukiye mu Rwanda mu 1975. Akomoka i MUGINA mu Karere ka Ruyumba, ahahoze ari Perefegitura ya GITARAMA. Amashuri ya Kaminuza yayatangiriye muri ULK ayakomereza muri Chancellor College yo muri Malawi, ubu akaba afite impamyabushobozi ya Licence en Economie.

Tumwifurije kwisanzura mu Ishema Party maze agakoresha ingabire yahawe mu guharanira atizigamye ko  Abanyarwanda bose basubizwa ukwishyira ukizana bambuwe na FPR Inkotanyi yabashubije mu buja.

 

Harakabaho u Rwanda rwa twese,

Harakaganza Ishema ry’U Rwanda.

 

Mu izina ry’Ishema Party,

Venant NKURUNZIZA,

Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ibikorwa by’iyamamaza

Obama Condemns Hypocrisy Disguised as Reconciliation.

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In his speech at the Nelson Mandela memorial, Obama observed that there are many leaders who claim solidarity with Madiba’s struggle for freedom, but do not tolerate dissent from their own people.

“There are too many of us who happily embrace Madiba’s legacy of racial reconciliation, but passionately resist even modest reforms that would challenge chronic poverty and growing inequality,” he added.

Obama has, however, encouraged several leaders to come out and make their voices heard no matter the resistance that is generated from the leaders in power.

“There are too many of us who stand on the sidelines, comfortable in complacency or cynicism when our voices must be heard,” he added.

Obama visits Mandela’s cell at the infamous Robben Islands

He further appreciated Mandela for his several contributions to the world at large; “Mandela taught us the power of action, but also ideas; the importance of reason and arguments; the need to study not only those you agree with, but those who you don’t. He understood that ideas cannot be contained by prison walls, or extinguished by a sniper’s bullet”.

Below is Obama’s speech on Nelson Mandela memorial:

To Graça Machel and the Mandela family; to President Zuma and members of the government; to heads of state and government, past and present; distinguished guests – it is a singular honour to be with you today, to celebrate a life unlike any other.

To the people of South Africa – people of every race and walk of life – the world thanks you for sharing Nelson Mandela with us.

His struggle was your struggle. His triumph was your triumph. Your dignity and hope found expression in his life, and your freedom, your democracy is his cherished legacy.

It is hard to eulogise any man – to capture in words not just the facts and the dates that make a life, but the essential truth of a person – their private joys and sorrows; the quiet moments and unique qualities that illuminate someone’s soul.

How much harder to do so for a giant of history, who moved a nation toward justice, and in the process moved billions around the world.

Born during World War I, far from the corridors of power, a boy raised herding cattle and tutored by elders of his Thembu tribe – Madiba would emerge as the last great liberator of the 20th century.

Like Gandhi, he would lead a resistance movement – a movement that at its start held little prospect of success.

Like King, he would give potent voice to the claims of the oppressed, and the moral necessity of racial justice. He would endure a brutal imprisonment that began in the time of Kennedy and Khrushchev, and reached the final days of the Cold War.

Emerging from prison, without force of arms, he would – like Lincoln – hold his country together when it threatened to break apart.

Like America’s founding fathers, he would erect a constitutional order to preserve freedom for future generations – a commitment to democracy and rule of law ratified not only by his election, but by his willingness to step down from power.

Given the sweep of his life, and the adoration that he so rightly earned, it is tempting then to remember Nelson Mandela as an icon, smiling and serene, detached from the tawdry affairs of lesser men.

But Madiba himself strongly resisted such a lifeless portrait.

Instead, he insisted on sharing with us his doubts and fears; his miscalculations along with his victories. “I’m not a saint,” he said, “unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.”

It was precisely because he could admit to imperfection – because he could be so full of good humour, even mischief, despite the heavy burdens he carried – that we loved him so.

He was not a bust made of marble; he was a man of flesh and blood – a son and husband, a father and a friend.

That is why we learned so much from him; that is why we can learn from him still. For nothing he achieved was inevitable. In the arc of his life, we see a man who earned his place in history through struggle and shrewdness; persistence and faith.

He tells us what’s possible not just in the pages of dusty history books, but in our own lives as well. Mandela showed us the power of action; of taking risks on behalf of our ideals.

Perhaps Madiba was right that he inherited, “a proud rebelliousness, a stubborn sense of fairness” from his father.

Certainly he shared with millions of black and coloured South Africans the anger born of, “a thousand slights, a thousand indignities, a thousand unremembered moments…a desire to fight the system that imprisoned my people.”

But like other early giants of the ANC – the Sisulus and Tambos – Madiba disciplined his anger; and channelled his desire to fight into organisation, and platforms, and strategies for action, so men and women could stand-up for their god-given dignity.

Moreover, he accepted the consequences of his actions, knowing that standing up to powerful interests and injustice carries a price.

“I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination,” he said at his 1964 trial.

“I’ve cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.

It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

Mandela taught us the power of action, but also ideas; the importance of reason and arguments; the need to study not only those you agree with, but those who you don’t.

He understood that ideas cannot be contained by prison walls, or extinguished by a sniper’s bullet. He turned his trial into an indictment of apartheid because of his eloquence and passion, but also his training as an advocate.

He used decades in prison to sharpen his arguments, but also to spread his thirst for knowledge to others in the movement.

And he learned the language and customs of his oppressor so that one day he might better convey to them how their own freedom depended upon his.

Mandela demonstrated that action and ideas are not enough; no matter how right, they must be chiselled into laws and institutions. He was practical, testing his beliefs against the hard surface of circumstance and history.

On core principles he was unyielding, which is why he could rebuff offers of conditional release, reminding the Apartheid regime that, “prisoners cannot enter into contracts.”

But as he showed in painstaking negotiations to transfer power and draft new laws, he was not afraid to compromise for the sake of a larger goal.

And because he was not only a leader of a movement, but a skilful politician, the Constitution that emerged was worthy of this multiracial democracy; true to his vision of laws that protect minority as well as majority rights, and the precious freedoms of every South African.

Finally, Mandela understood the ties that bind the human spirit.

There is a word in South Africa- Ubuntu – that describes his greatest gift: his recognition that we are all bound together in ways that can be invisible to the eye; that there is a oneness to humanity; that we achieve ourselves by sharing ourselves with others, and caring for those around us.

We can never know how much of this was innate in him, or how much of was shaped and burnished in a dark, solitary cell.

But we remember the gestures, large and small – introducing his jailors as honoured guests at his inauguration; taking the pitch in a Springbok uniform; turning his family’s heartbreak into a call to confront HIV/AIDS – that revealed the depth of his empathy and understanding.

He not only embodied Ubuntu; he taught millions to find that truth within themselves.

It took a man like Madiba to free not just the prisoner, but the jailor as well; to show that you must trust others so that they may trust you; to teach that reconciliation is not a matter of ignoring a cruel past, but a means of confronting it with inclusion, generosity and truth.

He changed laws, but also hearts. For the people of South Africa, for those he inspired around the globe – Madiba’s passing is rightly a time of mourning, and a time to celebrate his heroic life.

But I believe it should also prompt in each of us a time for self-reflection. With honesty, regardless of our station or circumstance, we must ask: how well have I applied his lessons in my own life?

It is a question I ask myself – as a man and as a President. We know that like South Africa, the United States had to overcome centuries of racial subjugation.

As was true here, it took the sacrifice of countless people – known and unknown – to see the dawn of a new day. Michelle and I are the beneficiaries of that struggle.

But in America and South Africa, and countries around the globe, we cannot allow our progress to cloud the fact that our work is not done.

The struggles that follow the victory of formal equality and universal franchise may not be as filled with drama and moral clarity as those that came before, but they are no less important.

For around the world today, we still see children suffering from hunger, and disease; run-down schools, and few prospects for the future.

Around the world today, men and women are still imprisoned for their political beliefs; and are still persecuted for what they look like, or how they worship, or who they love.

We, too, must act on behalf of justice. We, too, must act on behalf of peace.

There are too many of us who happily embrace Madiba’s legacy of racial reconciliation, but passionately resist even modest reforms that would challenge chronic poverty and growing inequality.

There are too many leaders who claim solidarity with Madiba’s struggle for freedom, but do not tolerate dissent from their own people.

And there are too many of us who stand on the sidelines, comfortable in complacency or cynicism when our voices must be heard.

The questions we face today – how to promote equality and justice; to uphold freedom and human rights; to end conflict and sectarian war – do not have easy answers.

But there were no easy answers in front of that child in Qunu. Nelson Mandela reminds us that it always seems impossible until it is done. South Africa shows us that is true.

South Africa shows us we can change. We can choose to live in a world defined not by our differences, but by our common hopes.

We can choose a world defined not by conflict, but by peace and justice and opportunity.

We will never see the likes of Nelson Mandela again. But let me say to the young people of Africa, and young people around the world – you can make his life’s work your own.Over thirty years ago, while still a student, I learned of Mandela and the struggles in this land. It stirred something in me.

It woke me up to my responsibilities – to others, and to myself – and set me on an improbable journey that finds me here today.And while I will always fall short of Madiba’s example, he makes me want to be better. He speaks to what is best inside us.

After this great liberator is laid to rest; when we have returned to our cities and villages, and rejoined our daily routines, let us search then for his strength – for his largeness of spirit – somewhere inside ourselves.

And when the night grows dark, when injustice weighs heavy on our hearts, or our best laid plans seem beyond our reach – think of Madiba, and the words that brought him comfort within the four walls of a cell: It matters not how strait the gate, How charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul.

What a great soul it was. We will miss him deeply. May God bless the memory of Nelson Mandela. May God bless the people of South Africa.

– See more at: http://chimpreports.com/index.php/people/14847-obama-condemns-hypocrisy-disguised-as-reconciliation.html#sthash.jk8Es7GJ.dpuf

Urupfu rwa Habyarimana: Aho bukera imizinga iravamo imyibano

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Nk’uko tubikesha ibinyamakuru bitandukanye, ngo iperereza ku mpamvu n’uwagize uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’indege yari itwaye aba perezida babiri b’abahutu ari bo Habyarimana Yuvenali w’u Rwanda na Ntaryamira Cyprien ryaba rigeze ku musozo. Iri perereza ryavuzweho amagambo menshi ndetse ubutegetsi bwa Kigali bunashinjwa mu guhanura iyo ndege  bwo bwakoresheje itangazamakuru mu gukwirakwiza inkuru ko indege yari itwaye abo bayobozi bombi hamwe n’abari babaherekeje yarashwe n’igisasu cyaturutse mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe. Ababikurikiranira hafi ntibigeze barangazwa n’izo nkuru, kuko kuba FPR iregwa muri urwo rubanza byumvikana ko ibyo itangaza bitakwizerwa.

Ku rundi ruhande ho Abanyarwanda muri rusange bahejejwe mu gihirahiro imyaka ikaba ibaye 20 batazi uko byagenze. Baba Abahutu bageretswe ho kwiyicira Generali Habyarimana ngo kugira ngo babone uko bica Abatutsi( bivuga ko Habyarimana ari we wababuzaga kwica), ari n’Abatutsi biciwe ababo bivuye ku ndege yahanuwe bakaba bakeneye kumenya uwatumye bahekurwa, habaye guceceka no gutegereza icyo iri perereza rizageraho.

Iri perereza ryafashe indi ntera mu gihe Nicolas Sarkozy yari Perezida w’Ubufaransa akaba yaranashatse ko u Rwanda rwegerana n’u Bufaransa mu rwego rwo kwiyunga. Ku bwa Sarkozy Madame Habyarimana yateshejwe umutwe cyane. Cyakora aho Sarkozy aviriye ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu Abafaransa bamutereye icyizere kubera ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi yakoze akiri ku ntebe. Icya mbere ni uko Sarkozy yahanganye n’igisirikare cy’u Bufaransa akananirwa kubeshyuza ibikorwa bya Leta ya FPR yavugaga ko operation Turquoise yakoze ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu. Abasirikare bakomeye baramurakariye cyane ku buryo byamuviriyemo kudatorwa manda ya kabiri. Icya kabiri, Sarkozy mu gihe yakoraga campaign yakoze amanyanga akoresha amafaranga yahawe na Perezida Kadhaffi wa Libya, ndetse akabeshya umukecuru w’umuherwe witwa  Liliane Henriette Bettencourt na we akamuha amafranga yo kwiyamamaza. Ikibazo cy’uyu mukecuru cyaje kubyutsa byinshi bitari bizwi.

Uyu munsi rero ngo iperereza ryaba rigeze ku musozo ariko ababuranira Kigali bo baravuga ko ngo abo baburanira ari abere bityo ngo bakaba bagiye gutanga ikirego kuko babeshyewe.

Reka twibutse ko ikibazo cy’iyi ndege n’ubwo kitigeze gihabwa agaciro ariko gifite icyo gisobanuye ku mahano yagwiriye u Rwanda. Nta kuntu byakwemezwa ko indege yahanuwe ariyo mbarutso yateye genocide ugahana abakoze genocide nyamara ukirengagiza uwatumye itangira.

Fiat Justitia ruat caelum ( nihabeho ubutabera ijuru nirishaka rigwe).

Reka tubitegerezanye ubwitonzi, uko byagenda kose ikinyoma kiza muri ascenseur kikahagera vuba nyamara ukuri ko kuza na escaliers ariko kukahagera kukiri ukuri.

 

Abacamanza b’abafaransa barangije amaperereza ku ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Habyalimana

Thousands of Kenyans gather for rally, day after attacks

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Odinga

Thousands of Kenyans rallied yesterday for an anti-government demonstration in the capital’s central park amid heavy police presence, with political and ethnic tensions high following weekend attacks in which over 21 were killed. PHOTO | NMG 

Nairobi, Monday. Thousands of Kenyans rallied today for an anti-government demonstration in the capital’s central park amid heavy police presence, with political and ethnic tensions high following weekend attacks in which over 21 were killed.

Opposition leader and former prime minister Raila Odinga has organised the rally to address what he says are major government failures, including worsening crime and insecurity, rising living costs, impunity, corruption and allegations of ethnic favouritism in government appointments.

Police were searching and screening supporters as they entered Nairobi’s Uhuru park, or “Freedom” in Swahili, an AFP reporter said.

The rally, the culmination of a series of countrywide demonstrations, is held on the July 7 anniversary of protests for multi-party democracy in the 1990s, a date heavy with symbolism and known commonly as “Saba-Saba” , or “Seven-Seven” in Swahili.

Police say they have deployed 15,000 officers to ensure the rally passes off peacefully, with the country already on high alert fearing attacks by Somalia’s Al-Qaeda-linked Al-Shabaab gunmen, who have vowed revenge for Kenya’s military presence in Somalia.

The Al-Shabaab claimed twin attacks in Kenya’s coastal region on Saturday night in which at least 21 were killed, the latest in a series of killings, although police blamed the Mombasa Republican Council (MRC), a group that campaigns for independence of the coastal region.

The Al-Shabaab also claimed responsibility for attacks last month at Mpeketoni. Survivors reported how gunmen speaking Somali and carrying Al-Shabaab flags killed non-Muslims.

Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta, however, denied that the Al-Shabaab were involved and instead blamed “local political networks” and criminal gangs, saying victims had been singled out because of their ethnicity. (AFP)

Source: http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/Thousands-of-Kenyans-gather-for-rally–day-after-attacks/-/1840340/2376062/-/u8v8c0z/-/index.html

“Iby’umugabo witwa Evode Uwizeyimana byanteye kwibaza byinshi” Jeanne Mukamurenzi

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Mlle Jeanne Mukamurenzi (ifoto ibanza) na Me Evode Uwizeyimana (ifoto ikurikiraho).

FPR yakoze amahano menshi, irica,irasahura irafunga, ihindagura amateka yu Rwanda reka si nakubwira.Ifata umunsi w’ubwigenge iwugira zero,iwuhindura umunsi wo kwita ingagi amazina. Yafashe abantu iboza mu mutwe irabunyuguza reka sinakubwira, abiyitaga ko baminuje, yarabafashe ibamesa mu bwonko irangije ikoresha icyo bita (bleaching chemicals) mu cyongeleza.iyi bleaching chemicals ituma imyenda ihindura ibara.Dore ni ibi FPR isigaye ikoresha mu koza ubwonko bwa barya biyita abanyabwenge. Kera baravugaga ngo umugabo ahindukira mu buriri ariko ntahindukira mu magambo. Kuri FPR, si ko biri, abiyemeje gukorera FPR, nta n’umwe ugihindukira mu buriri,ahubwo babaye ba kabuhariwe mu guhindukira mu magambo kugira ngo bakunde baramuke.Imana izandinde umugabo uzanananirwa kwihindukiza mu buriri ahubwo akihindukiza mu magambo.

Gusa Imana tugira ni uko mwene abo bagabo ari bake cyane, bivuga ko chance z’uko nzagwa ku mugabo nk’uwo ari nkeya cyaneeeee. Iby’umugabo witwa Evode Uwizeyimana,byanteye kwibaza byinshi. Ariko rero ntabwo natangazwa n’ibya FPR birasanzwe. Gusa,umuntu asubije amaso inyuma akareba amagambo iriya njajwa y’umuhutu yirirwaga avugira kuri BBC, atuka leta ya FPR ko ari agatsiko k’amabandi n’ibindi byinshi ntakwirirwa ndondora hano,agahindukira akaba umuvugizi w’iyo leta y’amabandi kandi agakoresha BBC yabivugiragaho, niko se badi,iyo leta yaba yarahindutse?

Ariko ibigoryi biragiwra koko, Evode rwose reka kwiha urw’amenyo,nawe ubwawe ibyo urimo ntabwo ubizi gusa you are too excited for nothing. Urajya ku ma radio reka sinakubwira ,ugafata opposition ukayigira zero,abakurungurutse ubugoryi bwawe bakaguha amashyi nawe aho wicaye reka sinakubwira ugashyekerwa!! Cisha make wangu, bucya bwitwa ejo. Ayo mashuri wize abandi batize ni ayahe? ukagera n’aho uvuga ngo aba avocats b’aho bize amashuri ya saa munani??? Wa mugabo we wacishije make ukareka kwirata no kwiyemera! Yewe, aho ndakugarukiye ariko.Yes, aba avocats bari aho mu Rwanda bize aya saa munani,bakabaye batarayize, nta buryo leta yari kwemera guhamagara umuntu w’injajwa nkawe wirirwaga utuka iyo leta ku ma Radio mpuzamahanga, iyo leta watukaga ikarenga ikaguhamagara ngo uyibere umuvugizi mu mategeko! aAho nemeranyijwe nawe Evode, wakoze kubahindura zero, nzi neza ko nabo baguhaye ako kazi ejo uzaba wabahinduye ibishwi bifite mu mutwe harimo Mayonaise,iyo umaze kuba excited rwose uvuga n’akari i Murori ntuhisha uvuga uvuye inyuma. Nari ngiye kukwita Umutaripfana, ariko ntabwo ubikwiye kuko mu bwonko bwawe hara curamye ejo utazavangira abataripfana orginal. Ndabona urimo wihuta cyane,ese uwo muvuduko urikugendaraho niwo bagutegetse kugenderaho? kuri bwangize byinshi? Donc, aho wagombaga kugendera muri 20, uri kuhagendera muri 90!!!??.urakora accident, sigaho.

Wihinduye urw’amenyo, nawe ubwawe ibintu urimo uvuga ntubizi. Gusa ujye ucisha make,don,t be too excited,there is nothing to be excited about, ejo uzaba wabaye ikigarasha kibi cyane, simbikwifurije ariko ni yo nzira. Ingero ni nyinshi nta mwanya wanjye nakwirirwa nta nzitanga, posterity will judge you,and it will judge you hashly. Ubutaha nibongera kugutuma kuvugira kuri BBC, ngusabye kutazongera gushinyagurira iriya Ntwari, Madame,Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, kuvuga ngo amashyaka yanga kwandikwa n iuko aba atujuje ibisabwa harimo n’abayoboke, urashaka kuvuga ko Victoire yahagurutse akava mu Buholandi ibyo byangombwa byose yasabagwaga bituzuye? Nta soni ugira, ejo bundi wakoresheje press conference,uragenda utuka amashyaka ya opposotion uyihanagurizaho, nta n’umwe wagusubije, kuba bataragusubije si uko ibyo wavuze bitababaje cyangwa ngo bagire uburenganzira bwo kugusubiza,bagufashe nk’umusazi bahitamo kukwihorera, ariko ndabona washyekewe cyane aho ujya gushinyagurira uwo mubyeyi wafunzwe n’iyo leta iyobowe n’agatsiko k’amabandi nawe urimo ukorera,birababaje cyane. Sigaho.

Wavuze ko waje kuvugurura amategeko ngo ataboneye muzayatera umugeri, nuko nuko di. Ndagira ngo nkwibutse ko mandat y’ako gatsiko k’amabandi kayoboye u Rwanda izarangira muri 2017,ni yo manda ya ko ya nyuma nk’uko itegeko nshinga ribyemeza. Ejo utazaba excited ugatera umugeri  ibyo itegeko nshinga rivuga kuri iyo manda, dore ko iyo migeri yawe imeze nabi! Mu byo ugomba gutera imigeri, nyamuneka witonde aho ntukahakoze umugeri. 2017 MANDA YA NYUMA Y’AGATSIKO K’AMABANDI KAYOBOYE URWANDA IZABA IRANGIYE! Evode, mbikwandiye mu nyuguti nkuru kugira ngo ejo utazabyibagirwa ugatera umugeri itegeko nshinga ribyemeza, dore ko buriya ari na cyo wahamagariwe kuko ubanza muri abo bose bize aya saa munani nta n’umwe washobora gutera umugeri itegeko nshinga, ayiga Mana! 2017 izasiga byinshi bisobanutse!

Evode rero nakubwira iki, kaza imigeri wowe wize aya mugitondo, wiga ayo abandi baraho mu gihugu batigeze biga, ariko wabantukiye rwose, babwire di,n iuko batumva. Ni uko ye!!, ujye ubabwira rwose.
Very sad to see people like Evode being turned into a usefu idiot,very sad indeed! Ariko ngo uwigize agatebo ayora ivu!!

Umutaripfana
Jeanne Mukamurenzi

Imicungire mibi n’ubujura mu bigo bya Leta bitumye Leta igabanya abakozi.

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Nyuma y’uko mu minsi ishize abakozi 126 ba Banki nkuru y’igiuhugu basezerewe ku kazi mu buryo budasobanutse, noneho Leta ya FPR iremera ko igiye gukomeza guhagarika abakozi. Dore inkuru dukesha Igihe.com

 

Mu rwego rwo gutunganya imikorere ya guverinoma no kugabanya umutwaro w’ingengo y’imari ishyirwa mu mishahara y’abakozi ba Leta bitari ngombwa, hitezwe impinduka zigabanya bamwe mu bakozi baba basa nk’aho bakora akazi kamwe cyangwa inshingano bafite zitari ngombwa.

Nk’uko tubikesha The New Times, inyandiko ya Minisiteri y’Abakozi n’Umurimo igaragaza ko izi mpinduka zitezwe muri uyu mwaka imari wa 2014-2015 zikurikiye ubushakashati bwakozwe ku bigo bya Leta hagati ya Kamena 2013 na Gashyantare 2014.

The New Times ivuga ko nta gushidikanya ko impinduka zizakora ku bakozi bamwe na bamwe, cyane cyane aho usanga hari abakora inshingano zijya gusa mu bakozi ba Leta, aho kuri ubu babarirwa ku bihumbi 94 mu gihugu hose.

Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yateganyaga gutanga miliyari 207 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ku mishahara y’uyu mwaka w’imari wa 2014-2015 mu gihe umwaka ushize bagenzeho zisaga miliyari 195.

Ubugenzuzi bwakorewe ibigo byose bya Leta bwagaragaje icyuho gihambaye mu miterere y’inzego za Leta, hakaba harafashwe umwanzuro wo kuzisubiramo.
Itangazo rya Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo rigaragaza ko hari ugukorana guke mu biro bitangukanye n’imyanya y’abakozi igenda yisubiramo cyangwa itari ngombwa.

Amakuru aturuka mu bakozi ubwabo, yagaragaje ko hari abakozi badakoreshwa cyane, ugasanga bahabwa inshingano nke cyane n’abakoresha babo, bituma akenshi bahemberwa ibyo baba batakoze mu mutungo wa Leta.

Gusa na none kandi birumvikana ko ibi ari byo byatumye Guverinoma ishaka impuguke ziturutse hanze zo gusuzuma imikorere y’abakozi ba Leta. Ikigo cyatoranyijwe gukora uyu murimo ni icyo muri Singapore (Singapore Cooperation Enterprise/SCE).

Itangazo riragira riti “ Impinduka ziri mu buryo bwo guhangana n’icyuho cyagaragajwe mu miterere y’umurimo mu bigo bya Leta no kubifasha kugera ku nshingano zabyo”.

Itangazo na none kandi rigaragaza ko abayobozi bakuru bungirije bashobora gukurwaho mu bigo bimwe na bimwe.

Rikomeza rigira riti “ Nk’igisubizo, guverinoma izagabanya ingengo yatakazwaga ku mishahara n’izindi nyungu bizazamura umusaruro. Impinduka zizafasha kongera ubushobozi n’intsinzi ku bigo bya Leta”.

Abazagerwaho n’ingaruka z’impinduka bazahabwa igihe cyo kwitegura gusezera bahabwe ibyo bagombwa n’amategeko byose.

Na none kandi impinduka zitezweho guhuza abakozi ku buryo bufatika binoroshye igenzura iryo ari ryo ryose ryakorwa ku bakozi no ku bushobozi bwabo.

Umujyanama wa Minisitiri w’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo, Edmond Tubanambazi, yemeje ko impinduka zitegerejwe mu gihe gito cyane.

Yasobanuye ko impinduka zizafasha guverinoma kwegereza zimwe mu nshingano abaturage bijyanye na gahunda ya Leta isanzweho yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage.

Gaspard Mupiganyi, unuyobozi wa gahunda mu impuzamahuriro y’abakozi mu Rwanda (CESTRAR) yavuze ko kuba hagiye kuba impinduka zemewe n’itegeko nta kibazo gishobora kuvukamo.

Yagize ati “Umukoresha afite uburenganzira bwo kwirukana abakozi ariko bigomba gukorwa hagendewe ku itegeko. Hari amategeko yashyiriweho kurinda abakozi ba Leta n’inyungu bakwiriye kubona ku murimo bakoraga iyo birukanwe ; iyo ibi byose byubahirijwe, twe nta mpungenge tuba dufite”.

Africa urged to shun wholesale imports of Western democracy models

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By Costantine Sebastian ,The Citizen Reporter

 Dar es Salaam. Africa’s attempts to ape democracy models, mostly from the West, have been the major causes of governance pitfalls, economic failures, democratic chaos and overall growth nightmares that continue to haunt the continent, according to development strategists and activists.

They want Africans and their leaders to quickly shun the trend that has led to failed states and stuck most people in the quagmire of abject poverty. The strategists and activists warn that without changing the status quo, the future and prosperity of Africa will always remain compromised.

Speaking at the 2nd International Conference on Democratic Governance in Africa, Asia and the Middle East, held in Kigali early this week, participants called for a new internal development order. Many wondered why most African countries were still so poor, unashamed of their status as economic beggars and recipients of development aid when the continent was blessed with abundant resources.

“The time for change is now,” noted Dr John Samuel, President of the Institute for Sustainable Development and Governance in India. “Our countries should immediately adopt democratic models that suit their circumstances and address their individual needs.”

They suggested that the models that can propel the poor nations to prosperity are those which take into account the culture and historical background of the people.

The scholars, practitioners, decision makers and other development stakeholders at the three-day conference emphasized the need for home grown initiatives on problems affecting the developing world.

Under the theme, “Accountability and Youth Engagement for Sustainable Development,” they maintained that unity was a must especially among African countries if they are to have a voice on world matters.

“Direct implementation of models imposed or suggested by Western powers will never bring real change and make a significant difference in our lives,” Gabonese journalist Yves Laurent Goma told The Citizen on Sunday on the sidelines of the summit meeting held as part of Rwanda’s Commemoration of 20 Years of Liberation.

Organised by the Rwanda Governance Board (RGB), the UN and Cheyney University of the United States, the conference sought among other things to explore constraints to good governance. It also explored emerging opportunities of democratic governance and has been one of the highlights of events to mark 20 Years of Rwanda’s Liberation that climaxed on Friday.

The conference is a biannual event which was first held in Philadelphia, US in 2012.

“With 54 countries, Africa can have a voice but the problem is African countries are so easily manipulated and divided,” said Dr Jendayi Fraser, the former US under Secretary of State for Africa Affairs.

Emphasis was also put on the need for increased cooperation over competition among African countries. Dr Sumbye Kapena from the School of Business at the Copperbelt University of Zambia noted that “Africa can have one voice if we all stop competing and put our voices together.”

Some participants said African leaders too, have a hand in the continent’s woes, with a Tanzanian delegate suggesting that good leadership was most important for the future of Africa, but that this was currently wanting in many of these countries.

He described the current generation of leaders as mostly a total failure and let-down. He called on the old leaders still in power to exit the political arena and let a new breed of leaders take charge.

“Consider our case (Tanzania)…we shouldn’t be poor with all the natural resources and human capital around,” he pleaded anonymity lest his views hurt some people in high places.

“We have been mostly let down by poor leadership and bad policies…full stop. Just look at Rwanda and you will see what I mean,” he added noting that discipline and seriousness at all levels was lacking in his country.

Meanwhile, Mr Bulent Akarcali, a Turkish entrepreneur and a panellist at the conference, criticised Western donors for imposing policies on developing nations, arguing that directly copying democratic models from the West tended to disrupt governance and undermined prospects for long-term development.

“Countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia were targeted by Western powers because of their wealth in natural resources. All that the big powers want is to disrupt governance and get what they want, so they forced developing nations to implement systems of democracy that undermine the history and cultures of people,” Akarcali said.

“Real democracy must not be complicated and must put into context the cultural systems of countries. Europe and America are not a monopoly of democracy and they should not dictate models to Africa and Asia.”

Rwanda Management Institute Director-General Wellars Gasamagera echoed the views of Akarcali saying “there is no rule book for governance” and that every country is involved in a unique process based on its own internal challenges.

“Citizen participation is the key at all stages of democracy, yet levels of participation vary according to contexts and situations,” Gasamagera said.

Rwandan Local Government Minister James Musoni urged that all countries still on the path of development should seek home-grown initiatives in order to bring about meaningful transformation to their societies.

“It is generally accepted that ‘democratic governance’ comes as a pre-requisite to the broad socio-economic development of society. However, in order to translate a principle into tangible results, … strong political will for good, inclusive and accountable governance stemming from the very top, is key in the establishment of effective and citizen-responsive institutions,” he said.