NOHELI 2014 : ‘ Imana yaturemye twese tureshya ‘,Paul Kagame.

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Nguyu umunsi mwiza wa Noheri urageze. Iyaba nashoboraga kugira inama Abanyarwanda bakanyumvira, nabasaba guhimbaza iyi Noheri bazirikana ijambo ryiza riherutse kuvugwa na Perezida Paul Kagame, taliki ya 19 ukuboza, ubwo yagiraga ati :” Imana yaturemye twese tureshya”. Kandi koko rero igisobanuro nyakuri cyihishe mu munsi mukuru w’Ukwigira umuntu kwa Jambo ni uko Imana yaturemye twese tureshya.

Ariko mbere yo kureshya, Imana yaturemye twese turi ABANTU . Kuba umuntu bifite icyo bivuga. Kuba umuntu bitandukanye no kuba IKINTU cyangwa INYAMASWA.  Abantu bose ni abantu kimwe, ntawe uba umuntu kurusha abandi. Kuri iyo ngingo Imana yaturemye twese tureshya.

Aribeshya uwishuka ko ariwe muntu wenyine maze agafata abandi nk’udusimba cyangwa ibikoresho bitagira umutima,ubwenge n’ubugingo. Iribeshya cyane imiryango yishuka ko hari icyo isumbya abandi bantu kubera ahari ko ibarusha ubutunzi bw’iby’iyi si bihita. Twese twavutse twambaye ubusa kandi tuzasubira mu nda yisi ntacyo tujyanye. Ibyo bakurundaho byose mu mva ntacyo biba bikikumariye, ni ibiba bigenewe gushanguka gusa. Kuri iyo ngingo nayo Imana yaturemye twese tureshya.

Imana yaturemye tureshya kuko buri wese muri twebwe atari ishusho y’Imana gusa ahubwo ari Imana rwose muri Yezu Kristu wigize umuntu. Igihe Imana ifashe icyemezo cyo kwigira umuntu ifatiye ku bumuntu bwa Mariya (Incarnation), herekanywe ukuri kose kwerekeye kamere muntu: Kuva mu myaka irenga gato 2000 , ubwenge bw’umuntu bwahawe ubushobozi bwo kumva ibanga ridasanzwe ko Imana y’umuntu ari undi muntu. Kandi rero ni nako bimeze.

Umuntu niwe wenyine urema umuntu; umuntu akorwa n’undi muntu; umuntu abyarwa n’undi muntu; umuntu arerwa n’undi muntu . Ubu butumwa bwa muntu hano ku isi burakarishye, kuko inshingano ye y’ibanze ari ukurema umuntu : Kumubyara, kumurera, kumukuza, kumubeshaho mu munezero no mu bwigenge bukwiye umwana w’Imana. Kwica umuntu bivuguruza ugushaka kw’ Imana; umuntu wica undi muntu akwiye gukurwa mu bantu . Kuri iyo ngingo nanone twese twaremwe tureshya, uwihangishaho ububasha bwo kurimbura abandi bantu amaherezo arabiryozwa ku buryo budasubirwaho.

Uyu munsi mukuru wa Noheri uratwibutsa rya hame rikomeye ryari ryaratewe imboni n’Umufilozophe Protagoras imyaka isaga 500 mbere y’ukuvuka kwa Yezu , ko muri iyi si,  Umuntu ari we mana igena ibihakorerwa, ibyiza n’ibibi : “L’homme est la mesure de toute chose “.

Umuntu niwe ufite ubutumwa bwo gutunganya isi ikaryohera abantu, cyangwa se agateza intambara isi igasharirira abayituye.

Umwanzuro

Ndifuriza Noheri nziza ababyeyi babyaye muri uyu mwaka kimwe n’abitegura bose “gukora umuntu”. Inshingano yanyu irakomeye kuko icyangombwa atari ugutanga umubiri gusa ahubwo kurema umuntu wuzuye imbere n’Inyuma.

Ndifuriza Noheri Nziza abantu bafite inshingano yo gufasha abandi bantu kurushaho kubaba abantu byuzuye , babereyeho umunezero usangiwe. Muri bo Abategetsi b’igihugu baribuke ko bashinzwe kuyobora abantu mu nzira y’amahoro n’umunezero. Guteza intambara, gukwirakwiza imidugararo, kuyoboresha abantu igitugu n’iterabwoba…. ibyo byose ni imico idakwiye abantu ikaba ivuguruza ibanga rya Noheri.

Ndifuriza Noheri nziza Abanyarwanda bari mu kaga, muri gereza, mu mashyamba, mu buhungiro….iyi Noheri izasige itubyariye abagabo n’abagore b’intwari bazitangira ko Umunyarwanda wese aho ari yagira AMAHORO n’ubwigenge bwuzuye.

Ndifuriza Noheri nziza umukuru w’igihugu cy’u Rwanda , Paul Kagame n’umuryango we: Iyi Noheri isige ibanditse mu mutima ibanga rikomeye ko “Imana yaremye Abanyarwanda bose bareshya” , kandi ko muri iki gihe ari we ufite inshingano yo gutuma iryo hame ryubahirizwa mu gihugu cyacu, u Rwanda rugakunda rukagira amahoro asesuye.

Ndifuriza Noheri nziza  aba Nouvelle Generation bagiye kwerekana muri uyu mwaka uje w’2015 ‘ ko amahoro n’amahirwe y’Abanyarwanda ” bitazatugwa hejuru nko mu buryo bw’igitangaza, ko ahubwo hariho abantu bafatika bemera kwitangira ineza rusange kuko nyine ” Imana yaturemye twese tureshya”.

Muri irijoro rihire nimucyo twifatanye  n’ Abamalayika bo mu ijuru kuririmba ngo ” Mu nsi abantu Imana ikunda bahorane amahoro”   .

Uwanyu Padiri Thomas Nahimana.

Umwihariko wa Revolisiyo: IKIBAZO GITERA ABANYARWANDA UMWIRYANE W’URUDACA SI AMOKO, SI UBUJIJI, SI UBUKENE: DORE UKO NJYE MBIBONA

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Umunyagitugu Paul Kagame ntacyo akora kugira ngo umwiryane ushire mu Banyarwanda ahubwo ibikorwa bye byose biba bigamije kwenyegeza umuriro, cyane cyane kuva hatangira intambara yiswe iyo kubohoza igihugu tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 ! Ikibazo gikomeye rero ni uko tudashobora kubona umuti w’uwo mwiryane umaze kuba ikigugu tutabanje gusuzuma neza impamvu nyakuri ziwutera. Indwara y’umwiryane Abanyarwanda turwaye iterwa n’akahe gakoko ?

IBANGA RYA 15 : Mu Rwanda siho honyine haba amoko, ubujiji n’ubukene.

Benshi bemeza ko igitera umwiryane mu banyarwanda ari AMOKO. Ngo kuba hari Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa ni ikibazo. Abatekereza batya mu by’ukuri baba bashaka kuvuga ko ikibangamiye abantu atari uko badahuje amoko, icyo baba batunga agatoki ni IRONDAKOKO. Iri ryo rwose ni ribi cyane, rirasenya ntiryubaka! Ariko irondakoko si indwara, ni ikimenyetso cy’indwara ! Kuvuga ngo Abanyarwanda barwaye irondakoko ni nko kujya kwa muganga bwa mbere, maze muganga yakubaza icyo urwaye ukamusubiza ko urwaye umuriro mwinshi ! Ikibazo si umuriro, icyo muganga aba akeneye kumenya no kuvura ni igitera uwo muriro urenze urugero.

Abandi babona ko Abanyarwanda bapfa UBUJIJI. Simpakana ko kwiga abantu bakajijuka atari ibintu byiza, gusa icyo nzi ni uko Abanyarwanda atari ibicucu ibi byo guta umutsima, ku buryo baba ari impumyi burundu izi ziyobewe ko zikeneye kubaho mu mahoro no mu mutekano. Si ngombwa ko abenegihugu bose biga kaminuza kugira ngo bamenye ko umwiryane usenya.

Niba Abanyarwanda babirengaho bagakomeza kwicana, ni uko bafite ikindi kibazo, bazi neza cyangwa se bataramenya.

Hari n’ababona ko Abanyarwanda dupfa UBUKENE. N’ubwo koko “abasangira ubusa bitana ibisambo“, ariko Abakurambere bari bararenze iyo mvugo bageza n’aho bigisha urubyaro rwabo aribo twebwe ngo “ahatari umwaga uruhu rw’urukwavu rwisasira batanu”.

Ni byo koko Urwanda ntirubarirwa mu bihugu bikize byo ku isi, ariko Urwanda ni igihugu cyigenga. Burya rero ngo nta Leta igwa mu gihombo burundu (insolvable) : Leta iyo ari yo yose igira inzira nyinshi yanyuramo ikabona amafararanga ahagije yo gutuma ikomeza inshingano zayo zo kurengera abanyagihugu. Ishobora kwaka imfashanyo ibihugu bikize n’imiryango mpuzamahanga, ishobora gusaba inguzanyo mu mabanki mpuzamahanga n’ibindi bigega byabugenewe….Iyo kuri ubwo bushobozi bwa Leta y’Urwanda hiyongereyeho ko abenegihugu bafite amaboko yo gukora, ubwenge buhagije bwo kubona ikibantunga bo n’abana babo, n’ubushake bwo kurya duke ariko bakoza akarenge, ikiba kibuze ni iki ? Ikibazo ni uko utwo duke batunze, Abanyarwanda bagira batya bakaturwaniramo, INTARE igashaka kwiharira imbehe yose, ushoboye kubona utuvungukira akarya abitamo amarira, abakene batagira kirengera bagafumbira umunaba. Indwara ni aha ikwiye gushakirwa.

Amoko, ubukene n’ubujiji si umwihariko w’Urwanda kuko hari ibindi bihugu bitari kure yacu bifite amoko menshi, bikaba bitanakize kuturusha, yewe abenegihugu babyo bakaba batanajijutse kuturusha, nyamara ntibihora mu mwiryane n’intambara z’urudaca nk’Abanyarwanda. Abagenda za Tanzaniya na Malawi bazaduhe ubuhamya.

IBANGA RYA 16 : Umwiryane mu Banyarwanda uterwa no kwikubira

Nk’uko tumaze kubibona, agakoko k’umwiryane uhora mu Banyrwanda kitwa “UKWIKUBIRA”. Ibi kandi ntibyazanywe na Paul Kagame n’ubwo we arusha abandi bayoboye Urwanda kugira irari ryo kwirundaho byose nta soni, nta kimwaro ! Umwihariko w’umunyagitugu Paul Kagame ni uko we yihesha agaciro mu byakagombye kumutera isoni ! Abamubanjirije bibaga bihishahisha bityo ntibigarurire umutungo w’igihugu wose. Paul Kagame we, yiba izuba riva, agasahura byose, nk’aho Urwanda ari akarima ke bwite cyangwa umurage yagabiwe ne se na nyina, akagerekaho no kubyigamba.

Uko KWIKUBIRA ntikugaragarira mu kwigwizaho umutungo w’ibintu gusa, kugaragarira no mu zindi ngamba z’ubuzima bw’igihugu : muri Politiki (I), mu rwego rw’Imibereho myiza y’abaturage (II) mu bukungu (III), mu burezi n’umuco (IV).

  1. Mu rwego rwa politiki

Umunyagitugu Paul Kagame yahisemo KWIKUBIRA ubutegetsi bwose. Yimitse ingoma y’igitugu iteye ukwayo, ikaba ishingiye ku ishyaka rimwe rukumbi ryahoze ryitwa FPR-Inkotanyi ; ariko nyuma yo kuryirukanamo ab’inkwakuzi mu barishinze, Kagame akaba yararihaye akandi kazina ka FPR-INTORE. Ndagira ngo dusesengure ubutegetsi bwe turebe uko buhumeka n’inzira bunyuramo kugira ngo bufate Abanyarwanda ho ingwate.

IBANGA RYA 17 : Amahame-shingiro y’agatsiko

Ubutegetsi bwa Paul Kagame bwubakiye ku gatsiko gato cyane (abantu 6-8), kagizwe n’Abatutsi b’Indobanure, baturutse Uganda, b’abasirikari, bahisemo gutegekesha IGITUGU, ITERABWOBA n’IKINYOMA. Abashaka kumva neza amahame-shingiro (principes) y’ubwo butegetsi ntibakirirwe bashakira ahandi.

IBANGA RYA 18 : Abamotsi

Agatsiko k’indobanure kifashisha ABAMOTSI batoranijwe mu moko yose (Abahutu , Abatutsi, Abatwa, Abanyamahanga). Abo Bamotsi ni abantu batari inyangamugayo kandi badakunzwe n’abaturage. Kenshi baba ari abantu bakoze ibyaha bikomeye nk’ubwicanyi, gusahura ibya rubanda no kurenganya inzirakarengane.

Abo Bamotsi bakingirwa ikibaba n’Agatsiko kari ku butegetsi, bagahabwa agaciro gasumbye cyane ako rubanda ibaha. Iyo umunyagitugu Paul Kagame atakibakeneye, abahindura IBIGARASHA, bagafungwa cyangwa bakicwa, iyo badashoboye kumucika hakiri kare. Abo Bamotsi nibo maboko ya kariya gatsiko : nibo bahoza abaturage ku nkenke, bakabagambanira mu buryo bunyuranye, bakabicisha…Nibo NKINGI nyakuri z’ingoma y’IGITUGU.

IBANGA RYA 19 : Ikinyoma n’iterabwoba

Agatsiko k’indobanure gafite umwihariko wo gukoresha ikinyoma kugira ngo kigaragaze neza imbere y’amahanga. Muri urwo rwego:

Agatsiko ntikemera amashyaka ya politiki yanga gukorera mu kwaha kwako. Bene ayo karayasenya, kagafunga cyangwa kakica abayobozi bayo, ahubwo kagahimba amashyaka-muzunga (partis satellites) akaba ariyo gakinga mu maso y’Abazungu.

Gafite uburambe mu gukoresha amatora afifitse, kagahatira abaturage gutora abantu (abamotsi) badashishikajwe no gukorera rubanda. Ngo iyo niyo demokarasi bereka amahanga ! Nyamara no mu Misiri na Tuniziya baratoraga !

Kugira ngo ako gatsiko gashobore gukandamiza rubanda no kubacecekesha burundu, gakoresha ingabo z’igihugu n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano (polisi na Maneko) mu guhohotera abaturage. Niyo mpamvu abaturage birirwa baragijwe imbunda nk’inyamaswa z’inkazi. Iterabwoba nk’iryo rigamije gukanga abaturage, bagahora ari ba nyamwigendaho (1+1+1+1+1….), ntibigere babona akanya ko kwishyira hamwe ngo batekereze uko bafatanya kurwanira uburenganzira bwabo badasiba kuvutswa n’agatsiko.

Agatsiko k’indobanure gashyiraho AMATEGEKO arengera inyungu z’abakagize gusa, agakumira ibyifuzo bya rubanda rugufi. Utinyutse kwerekana ko ayo mategeko abangamiye inyungu rusange z’Abanyarwanda (Intérêt général), bucya bamushinja Ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, guhungabanya umudendezo w’igihugu, gupfobya jenoside, kubangamira gahunda za Leta….ngibyo ibyaha Agatsiko kahimbye bikaba bidahwema gucisha umutwe inzirakarengane zitagira umubare.

Agatsiko ntikazuyaza kwica cyangwa gufungira akamama abantu bose gakeka ko bashobora kubangamira inyungu zako. Abahabonera ishyano kurusha abandi ni Abanyarwanda bajijutse b’inyangamugayo (les meilleurs) katashoboye kwigarurira.

Uko kwikubira ubutegetsi bwose, bukarundwa mu maboko y’Agatsiko k’indobanure konyine bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho myiza y’abaturage….

Biracyaza…

Niba ufite icyo ushaka gusobanuza, watwandikira kuri aderesi ikurikira:

ishema_party@yahoo.fr cyangwa se ugasura urubuga http://www.ishemaparty.mobiukatwandikira ukoresheje uburyo bwateganyijwe. Ushobora no gusura imbuga zacu kuri facebook.

Abepiskopi gatolika bashobora guhamagarira abaturage kurwanya ihindurwa ritindi ry’itegekonshinga ?

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cenko

Abayobozi ba Kiliziya gatolika ni abenegihugu nk’abandi . Bafite uburengazira bwo kuvuga icyo batekereza ku migendekere myiza cyangwa mibi y’igihugu hagamijwe guharanira icyarushaho kuzana amahoro n’ubutabera mu gihugu. Bafite uburenganzira bwo gutora abategetsi. Bafite inshingano yo kumurikira intama bashinzwe cyane cyane igihe ibirura byiteguye kuziraramo .  Bafite inshingano yo kubahiriza amategeko y’igihugu no gushishikariza abo bashinzwe kuyubahiriza mu gihe ayo mategeko atarenganya rubanda ahubwo akaba ashingirwaho ineza rusange.

Muri iki gihe mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari hari ikibazo gikomeye cy’abategetsi barangije manda bemererwa n’amategeko ariko bakaba bashaka gusuzugura no gusuzuguza Itegekonshinga kugirango Repubulika bazihindure nk’ingoma ya cyami na gihake , bityo bihamire ku butegetsi ubuziraherezo, mu nyungu zabo bwite.

Ese abeposkopi gatolika bagomba gukomeza kwicecekera cyangwa nk’abayobozi bizewe na rubanda bakwiye gutanga urumuri ?

Abepiskopi bose bo mu gihugu cya Kongo (RDC) bo  ntibazuyaje kugaragaza ko ari  abagabo b’intwari cyane , batagendera ku iterabwoba na baranyica kuko batajya na rimwe bemera kuryamira ijambo ry’ukuri babona neza !

Mu nama yabo (CENCO)yabaye kuva taliki ya 24 kugera ku ya 28 Kamena 2013 batangaje ku mugaragaro ko batazashyigikira ko Perezida Kabila asuzugura itegekonshinga kugira ngo yongere yitoreshe nk’umukuru w’igihugu. Koko rero Itegekonshinga ryo mu 2006 RDC igenderaho muri iki gihe rigena ko Perezida wa Repubulika atorerwa mada y’imyaka itanu , kandi akaba adashobora gutorerwa manda zirenze ebyiri.  Iri tegekonshinga kandi riteganya ko iyo ngingo yaryo ya 220  idashobora guhindurwa .

Abepiskopi gatolika bagendeye kuri iyo ngingo bemeza ko igomba kubahirizwa n’abenegihugu bose kuko basanga ariyo shingiro ry’amahoro mu gihugu. Abepiskopi babiheraho bakibutsa ko Leta ya RD Congo ari Repubulika, atari ingoma ya cyami !

Twibaze impamvu

*Ese mu Rwanda, Abepiskopi bacu nabo bashobora gutinyuka bakamagana ihindurwa,  ryifuzwa n,Agatsiko ka Kagame, ry’ingingo y’101 y’itegekonshinga ryo mu 2003 u Rwanda rugenderaho iteganya ko Perezida wa Repubulika y ‘u Rwanda atorerwa manda y’imyaka irindwi kandi akaba adashobora gutorerwa manda zirenze ebyiri ?

*Ese Abepiskopi gatolika bo mu Rwanda bo bemera ko u Rwanda ari Repubulika , atari ingoma ya cyami ?

*Ese abepiskopi gatolika bo mu Rwanda bemera ko bafite inshingano yo kumurikira rubanda no kubashishikiriza kurengera uburenganzira bwabo mu gihe abategetsi b’inda nini nk’abariho muri iki gihe bakomeje kwikubira ibyiza byose by’igihugu ?

*Ese aho abepiskopi gatolika bo mu Rwanda bazi ko kwicecekera mu gihe akarengane gaca ibintu,

-mu gihe urubyiruko rukomeje kuvangurwa hashingiwe ku bwoko,

-mu gihe abantu barigiswa n’ubutegetsi ku mugaragaro,

-mu gihe inzirakarengane zicwa imirambo igatabwa mu nzuzi n’ibiyaga,

-mu gihe urubuga rwa politiki rufungwa nta mpamvu kugira ngo agatsiko k’abantu bamwe gusa bakomeze biharire ubutegetsi,

-….?

Umwanzuro

Aho igihe si iki ko abepiskopi gatolika b’u Rwanda nabo batobora bakamagana ubwikanyize n’igitugu cy’abategetsi bacu ? Aho bakomeje kwicecekera ntibabikore, Kiliziya gatolika ntizafatwa nk’ikorera mu kwaha k’ubutegetsi burenganya rubanda ? Aho iyi rubanda niyibohoza ku mbaraga zayo yonyine Kiliziya yacu ntizarebwa nk umufatanyabikorwa wa FPR-Inkotanyi  mu gusenya u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda ?

Ni ibibazo nibaza gusa , ariko nkababazwa n’uko ndashobora kubibonera ibisubizo, njyewe njyenyine !

Marie Chantal  Bamurange.

Umukristukazi wa Paruwasi Kabgayi

Rwanda: Kubera ibibazo by’ingutu mu bukungu bamwe bakombambehe ba FPR begujwe.

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Uretse Louise Karamage ( Louise Mujawayezu Karame) wegujwe kubera ko atabashije guhisha ikibazo cy’abanyeshuri bicwa n’inzara, inama y’aba ministri yo kuwa 15 Ukuboza yemeje:

• Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe ryirukana burundu ku mwanya w’umushinjacyaha Bwana NZIGIYIMANA Chem;

• Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe ryemerera Bwana SEBAZUNGU Alphonse wari intumwa ya Leta ishinzwe Serivisi yo kuburana imanza za Leta muri MINIJUST, kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru;

• Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe ryemerera Bwana MUTABAZI Jean de Dieu, wari Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’Imari n’Ubutegetsi muri Special Guarantee Fund (SGF), guhagarika akazi mu gihe kitazwi;

• Iteka rya Minisitiri w’intebe ryemerera Bwana UWASE Aimé, wari Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe igenamigambi n’Ubushakashatsi muri MINEAC, guhagarika akazi mu gihe kitazwi;

• Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe ryemerera Madamu Louise MUJAWAYEZU Karame( Louise Karamage), wari umuyobozi ushinzwe ishami ry’inguzanyo z’abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri makuru ya Leta muri REB, gusezera burundu ku kazi;

Ibi byose ni ugushakira umuti aho utari. Twibutse ko ingengo y’imari y’umwaka wa 2014/2015 ibura amafranga arenga miliyari 700 kugira ngo igihugu kibashe gukora gahunda zacyo. Mu rwego rwo guhanga n’iki kibazo u Rwanda rukomeje gusabiriza no gushaka guteza indi ntambara muri Kongo ngo rubashe kwiba amabuye y’agaciro.  Nyamara umuti nyawo ni ukogosha ibipusi bibyibushye( Fat cats: imishahara ya ba Minisitiri na Perezida wa Repubulika). Ibi Kagame ntabikozwa dore ko yashimye ka kazina ka Mobayilo Purezidenti uhora mu ndege arya amafranga ava mu misoro ya rubanda. Admin

Dore inkuru ya Aheza.com

KARAMAGE

Louise MUJAWAYEZU Karame (Louise Karamage ) wari ushinzwe inguzanyo muri Rwanda Education Board.

Ibi bibaye nyuma y’uruhuri rw’ibibazo byari bimaze iminsi bivugwa mu ishami yari akuriye. Ibi ni nabyo byabaye intandaro yo guhamagarwa n’ inteko ishinga amategeko umutwe w’ abadepite mu cyumweru gishize bagiye gusobanura ibibazo by’ itangwa ry’ inguzanyo ku banyeshuri b’ amashuri makuru na za kaminuza.

Ubwo Louise KARAMAGE na Minisitiri w’uburezi Prof SILAS RWAKABAMBA,bitabaga  inteko ishinga amategeko, bombi bigurukije ibibazo biri mu itangwa ry’inguzanyo z’abanyeshuri biga muri za kaminuza. Minisitiri RWAKABAMBA yashinje REB guhuzagurika mu gukora intonde z’abagenerwa iyi nguzanyo.Mu gihe Louise KARAMAGE we yari yavuze ko aya mafaranga REB nayo itinda kuyabona. Yagize ati“Gutinda kw’amafaranga hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera. Iya mbere ni bureaucracy ( usanga liste zica muri institution (ibigo) nyinshi kandi REB idafite ho ububasha.”

Ibi byateye impungenge abanyeshuri bibaza niba ubu bwegure butagiye kudindiza ikemurwa ry’ ibibazo basanganwe. Bamwe mu banyeshuri baganiriye na Aheza.com bavuze ko nubwo nta kizere bibaha,babona byari bikwiriye .

Louise Karamage, mu nyandiko ye y’ubwegure yavuze ko yeguye ku mpamvu ze bwite.Ubu bwegure bwa Louise Karamage buje bukurikira: Perezida wa Sena Ntawukuriryayo J. Damascene, Uwari umuyobozi w’akarere ka Kirehe, Murayire Protais ndetse na komite nyobozi y’akarere ka Nyarugenge. Aba bose bakaba baragiye bavuga ko beguye ku mpamvu zabo bwite.

Nsengiyumva Vincent/ Aheza.com

FPR: Agatsiko karya ntigahage na Guverinoma y’umurimbo.

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abanyeshuri-ba-kaminuza

Abanyeshuri ba kaminuza baricwa n’inzara mu gihe agatsiko kiyuzuriza imifuka

Haramutse habayeho igihugu kitagira  ibibazo, icyo gihugu wakibwirwa n’uko kitagira guverinoma. Kuva mu nzego zo hasi kugera hejuru ubuyobozi bwiza bushishikazwa   no gushakira ibisubizo ibibazo by’ingorabahizi byibasiye abo buyobora.  Inshingano ya mbere y’umuyobozi ni ugukora ibishoboka byose birimo: gukoranyiriza hamwe  abashakashasti, impuguke n’inzobere mu nzego zinyuranye kugira ngo zicare zisuzume amavu n’amavuko y’ibibazo by’abaturage mu rwego rwo kubikemura no gukumira ingaruka mbi zabyo mu maguru mashya. Abakurikiranira hafi ibibera mu Rwanda muri iyi myaka ishije bazi neza ko ubushomeri ari kimwe mu bibazo biteye inkeke bizahaje cyane cyane urubyiruko kandi gikomeje kwiyongera.

Ku kibazo cy’ubushomeri guverinoma y’Inkotanyi isa n’iri kuvunira ibiti mu matwi ubundi ikambara amataratara y’izuba ikihandagaza ikajya imbere y’u Rwanda rw’ejo ruhangaye n’inzara iti ‘niba mudafite akazi ni MWHANGIRE IMIRIMO’. Ariko Mana!? Ibi ntaho bitaniye na wa Mwamikazi w’abafaransa babwiye bati nyakubahwa abaturage barashonje nta   umugati bafite, undi nawe arabasubiza ati : “Niba nta mugati bafite ni mubahe brioches”.!!!

Mu buhanzi bwa ma Slogan apfunyiste ubusa rwose FPR ni indashyikirwa. None se waba wifitemo ubushobozi bwo kwihangira umurimo ukiyicisha ubushomeri? Iyo ushishoje usanga iyi mvugo y’icyaduka ya FPR ikubiyemo ubushinyaguzi ndetse no kwihenura gukabije. Muri iyi mvugo birumvikana rwose ko FPR nta mwanya ifite wo guta ku bibazo bya rubanda ahubwo ko bene byo bagomba kubyikemurira. None se iyi guverinoma ya FPR niba itabereyeho   guhangana  n’ikibazo nk’iki gikomereye cyane abo iyobora, ibereyeho nde? Biragaragara ko hari ikindi kiyishishikaje. Ndetse biragaraga ko impamvu guverinoma ya Kagame idashyira ingufu mu gushakira umuti byinshi mu bibazo by’abaturage ari uko akenshi imikorere yayo ariyo nyirabayazana w’ibyo bibazo.

Uruhare rwa FPR mu kibazo cy’ubushomeri bwugarije abaturarwanda

FPR ikimara gufata ubutegesti muri 1994 bimwe  bikorwa bidasobanuste  byayiranze habayeho kwihutira kugurisha ibyinshi mu byahoze ari ibigo bya Leta. Ibyo bigo byagurishijwe ku bitwaga ko bikorera ku giti cyabo. Ku bahanga mu mikorere y’igihugu ibyo bivuga ko ubushobozi bwa leta bwo guhanga imirimo ikoresheje ibyo bigo byayo icyo gihe bwagabiwe abikorera ku giti cyabo.  Cyane cyane ariko icyari gitangaje ni uburyo ibyo bigo byagiye bigurishwa ku giciro cyo hasi cyane ugereranije n’igiciro nyakuri, ku buryo ubyise kubohoza utaba utandukiye cyane. Abenshi bibajije byinshi kuri iyo mikorere ya FPR. Igisubizo cyaje nyuma aho umwuga w’ubucuruzi wa FPR ugiye  ahagaragara  hamwe n’ivuka rya societe y’agatsiko ka FPR yiswe Crystal Ventures. Byinshi muri ibyo bigo byahoze ari ibya leta ( mbese ibya abanyarwanda bose) ubu bifitanye isano ya hafi cyane na Crystal Ventures. Iyi societe kuyitandukanya na guverinoma ya FPR biragoye kuko banyira yo ari nabo bagize guverinoma. Mu by’ukuri iyi Crystal Ventures ntawatinya ku yigereranya n’ikirondwe cya guverinoma uretse ko cyo cyakuze kugeza  n’ubwo kiruta inka, akaba ari na yo mpanvu nta handi ku isi wakumva ishyaka riyobora igihugu rikanakirusha umutungo.

Ubundi muri rusange Igice cyitwa classe moyenne cyangwa middle class, (tugereranije mu rurimi rwacu twavuga  igice cy’abaturage bafite ubushobozi buciriritse), kigizwe n’abakozi ba leta. Bimwe mu bihugu bifatwa ubu nk’ibyateye imbere, mu mateka yabyo habayeho  ko guverinoma  zagombye guhanga imirimo kugira ngo zihe akazi abaturage benshi mu rwego rwo kuzamura imibereho yabo. Birazwi kandi ko guhabwa akazi muri leta bisaba gukurikiza amategeko yumvikanyweho na bose, ibyo bigafasha mu kurwanya ikimenyane no guha amahirwe uwariwe wese wigaragaje ho ubushobosi. Ku bikorera ku giti cyabo bo, gutanga akazi ku kimenyane si ikibazo nta na gitangira ihari.

Niba rero Crytal Ventures ikize kurusha guverinoma kandi byose bigizwe n’agatsiko kamwe, birumvikana ko hari ahashyizwe byinshi kurusha ahandi. Aho hashyirwa byinshi rero (Crystal Ventures, ama enterprises yigenga y’agatsiko, ingirwa ONG z’agatsiko, ibigo byahoze ari ibya leta bigatwarwa n’agatsiko,…) ni naho  hahandi hakorwa n’abantu bakeya cyane baba barize bitabagoye  kandi bakabona akazi bitabagoye. Nyamara abahanze amaso ahashyirwa bicye (buruse zo kwiga ku batishoboye, ibigo by’ubucuruzi by’abadakorera agatsiko, amashuri adashamikiye ku gatsiko,…) ni nabo biga bibagora kuko ya guverinoma yakagombye kubunganira nta bushake ihashyira.  Abo bagenewe  bicye n’iyo bakwiga bakarangiza, amahirwe yabo yo kubona akazi muri iyo guverinoma ni make kuko bahezwa ari benshi  kandi kuri bo amahirwe yo kubona akazi muri business za FPR yo zero.

Umwanzuro

‘Mwihangire imirimo’ ya FPR iteye inkeke kurusha na ya article 15 ya Mobutu wa Zaire. Nibura muri article 15 yari ihishe amizero (espoir) ko uwarusha abandi umwete  yashoboraga kuzamuka hejuru mu cyiciro.  Mwihangire imiromo y’agatsiko yo nta mizero. Ariko uzi kubaho nta mizero? Mu Rwanda rwa FPR ugize igitekerezo kiguhangira umurimo ndetse benshi bakaba bakuzamukiraho, uwo umunsi icyama kibimenye kirara kikugabye ho igitero kikagucuza ibyo waruhiye ukaba wanahasiga ubuzima. Niyo mpamvu n’ufite igitekerezo cyo kwihangira imirimo akenshi ahitamo kubikorera hanze y igihugu.

Umuti w’ ikibazo cy’ubushomeri uri mbere na mbere mu gusubiza guverinoma ububasha bwo guha akazi abaturage benshi bashoboka ubundi hakagabanywa ubusumbane no mu kugena imishahara. Gusa rero bimaze kugaragara ko agatsiko ka FPR kubakiye ku kinyoma no kwikubira ibyiza by’igihugu katitaye ku baturage cyane cyane urubyiruko rw’abashomeri. Niyo mpamvu igihe kigeze ngo abaturage bahaguruke maze tuvudukane aka gatsiko, ibyo kikubiye tubisaranganye rubanda.

Muhorane Ishema  mu kuri no mu gusaranganya.

Nadine C. kasinge.

Umwihariko wa Revolisiyo: Kumenya umwanzi w’igihugu ni ngombwa mbere yo kumurwanya

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image_abbé-300x300

Igituma abaturage badahuriza hamwe ngo bave kuri uru rubaho, ni uko bagishidikanya ku mwanzi nyawe bafite. Naho ubundi ak’umunyagitugu yahanantuka mu isegonda rimwe gusa.

IBANGA RYA 9: Kumenya gutandukanya inshuti n’umwanzi w’igihugu

Burya rero ihurizo ryubakirwaho politiki iyo ariyo yose ni ugutandukanya  inshuti n’umwanzi w’igihugu . Si Paul Kagame wadukanye iby’uko muri politiki havugwa cyane UMWANZI, biri muri kamere y’umurimo wa politiki ! Hatabayeho uwo mukino wo gutandukanya incuti n’umwanzi kugira ngo haboneke uburyo busobanutse bwo gukumira umwanzi cyangwa kumwivuna, politiki(=kubungabunga imibereho myiza y’abenegihugu) ntiyashoboka.

Tuzi twese ko igitera abantu kwemeza ko bafitanye isano ikomeye yo kuba abenegihugu kimwe(nationaux), ari ukugira ngo bitandukanye n’abanyamahanga. Kugira ubwenegihugu (nationalité) hari uburenganzira, ububasha bwinshi n’inshingano biguha, umunyamahanga atagira cyangwa se abuzwa kugira, twavuga nko kugira uruhare mu mirimo bwite y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu ! Uretse mu Rwanda rw’iki gihe, nta kindi gihugu cyemerera abanyamahanga kugira uruhare rukomeye nko mu buyobozi bw’ingabo z’igihugu cyangwa mu buyobozi bwite bwa Leta….

Kenshi rero umunyamahanga, kuko adasa n’ abenegihugu, ni we wa mbere ugenwa nk’umwanzi w’igihugu, kuko aba afite inyungu zivuguruza izacu abenegihugu, akaba ndetse ashobora kudusenyera, iyo abiboneye uburyo. Niyo mpamvu Leta iyo ariyo yose ikora uko ishoboye ikagira ingabo z’igihugu zigomba guhora ziteguye gusenya ingufu z’umwanzi. Gutangiza intambara ni inshingano ikomeye ya Leta.

N’iyo hatariho intambara iyi isesa amaraso, politiki yo ihora ari intambara. Abanyapolitiki nyabo ntibagoheka, bahora bashishoza kugira ngo batahure hakiri kare umwanzi w’igihugu n’amayeri ye, babone uko bamurwanya atarabasenyera. Niyo mpamvu n’amagambo (vocabulaire) akoreshwa muri politiki ahora asa n’aho ari gashozantambara (polémique), atandukanye rwose n’akoreshwa mu nsengero, kwa muganga, mu isoko…..

IBANGA RYA 10 : Umwanzi w’igihugu ni nde ?

Reka tubanze dutandukanye ibintu :Iyo Bibiliya igize iti mukunde abanzi banyu bivuga iki ? Ururimi rw’ikilatini rugira amagambo 2 akoreshwa mu kuvuga umwanzi : hari inimicus: ni umwanzi wanjye ku giti cyanjye; hakaba na hostis: umwanzi w’igihugu.

Mu ivanjili ya Matayo 5, 44 n’iya Luka 6, 27, Yezu yaravuze ati :”diligite inimicos vestros : Nimukunde abanzi banyu“. Dore akoresheje ijambo inimicos ntabwo akoresheje hostes . Byumvikane ko umwanzi Yezu adushishikariza gukunda ari umwanzi wanjye ku giti cyanjye. Ibiduteranya dushobora kubiganiraho twembi, tukiyunga ndetse tukaba twakundana. Ntabwo Yezu abwira abamwumva ngo nimukunde abanzi b’igihugu cyanyu (hostes) kandi mubafashe kugisenya ! Ahubwo umuntu ukunda Imana agomba guhora yiteguye no kuba yamena amaraso ye arengera igihugu cye !Amateka y’intambara ziswe “Croisades” ashimangira ubwo buryo bwo kumva ibintu.

IBANGA RYA 11 : Ibiranga umwanzi w’igihugu

Mu by’ukuri Umwanzi w’igihugu ukwiye kurwanywa ni wawundi utera igihugu akica abenegihugu ; ni utera igihugu agasahura umutungo w’abenegihugu kugira ngo bo bicwe n’inzara ; ni wawundi uhungabanya koko umutekano w’abanyagihugu, agateza intugunda, akababuza amahwemo ; Umwanzi w’igihugu ni uhonyora uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’abanyagihugu akababuza kwishyira no kwizana mu gihugu cyabo.Uwo ni we mwanzi w’igihugu kuko abangamira inyungu rusange (interêt général) z’abanyagihugu bose, cyangwa iz’igice kimwe cy’abanyagihugu, akazisimbuza inyungu ze bwite.

Umwanzi ashobora gutera aturutse hanze y’igihugu cyangwa imbere mu gihugu. Umwanzi ashobora kuba umunyamahanga cyangwa umunyagihugu wigize kagarara, akitandukanya n’abavandimwe basangiye igihugu bityo akihindura nk’umunyamahanga!

IBANGA RYA 12 : Amakosa 4 umuyobozi w’igihugu agomba kwirinda

Ikibazo gikomerera abanyapolitiki bo mu bihe byose n’ahantu hose ni ukumenya kugena umwanzi w’igihugu uwo ari we, kandi ntibamwibeshyeho. Hari amakosa ane akomeye cyane umuyobozi w’igihugu atagomba gukora :

1. Kwibeshya ku ncuti ukayita umwanzi.

2. Kwibeshya ku mwanzi ukamwita incuti, ukamutuza mu mbere!

3. Gufata umwanzi wawe ku giti cyawe ukamwita umwanzi w’igihugu

4.Gufata igice kimwe cy’abenegihugu ukacyita abanzi b’igihugu.

Impamvu aya makosa akomeye ni uko asenya igihugu ku buryo budasubirwaho. Iyo ubutegetsi bumaze kugena umwanzi w’igihugu, hahita hakurikiraho kurundanya ingufu za Leta zimurwanya. Iyo Perezida nka Paul Kagame afashe abanzi be ku giti cye, bamwe bafitanye udukimbirane dusanzwe dukomoka mu Rugano, akabarwanya akoresheje ingufu za Leta, aba abakabirije cyane, ni akarengane kabi.

Iyo Umukuru w’igihugu afashe igice kimwe cy’abanyagihugu kikitwa Inyangarwanda (Abatutsi) cyangwa Ibipinga (Abahutu), aba atangije umwiryane mu benegihugu uyu bita guerre civile. Ingufu zose zakagombye kubaka igihugu zijya mu byo guhanganisha abaturage, ibikorwa by’amajyambere bigasenywa, igihugu kikajya mu icuraburindi. Ushaka kumva uko jenoside itegurwa ikanashyirwa mu bikorwa yahera aho !

IBANGA RYA 13 : Ni ngombwa rwose kutibeshya ku mwanzi w’igihugu

Ni ngombwa rwose kutibeshya ku mwanzi w’igihugu. Nko muri iki gihe, iyo nitegereje Urwanda mbona neza ko umwanzi KABOMBO w’igihugu atari FDLR, kuko tumaze kubona neza ko Paul Kagame ahamagara abagize uwo mutwe w’inyeshyamba, igihe cyose abakeneye, bakaza, bagafatanya na we mu butegetsi bw’igihugu, ntagire n’igihano abagenera kandi yajyaga avuga ko azi neza amahano ngo basize bakoze ! Iyo Umunyagitugu Paul Kagame yihandagaza akabita abanzi b’igihugu, aba agamije kurangaza Abanyarwanda gusa nta kindi! N’iyo atubeshye ngo agiye muri Kongo kubarwanya, twamenye ko icy’ingenzi kiba kimujyanyeyo ari ugusahura amabuye y’agaciro, maze abana b’Abanyarwanda bagatikirirayo mu nyungu ze bwite.

Umwanzi w’igihugu si Kayumba Nyamwasa na bagenzi be ! Icyakora bashobora kuba ari abanzi ba Paul Kagame ku giti cye kuko bigeze kuba mu ncuti ze ! Kubagerekaho umuzigo wo kuba abanzi b’Urwanda ni ukubakabiriza no kubaharabika, no kurangaza Abanyarwanda. Kubarwanya hakoreshejwe ingufu za leta ni icyaha gikomeye gishobora kwitwa détournement de pouvoir ! Akayabo k’amafaranga akoreshwa mu kubahiga no kugerageza kubarasa yarihira abana b’abakene batari bake bakiga kaminuza!

Umwanzi w’Urwanda si Victoire Ingabire, si Bernard Ntaganda, si Deogratias Mushayidi bazira gusa kuba baragerageje kuvuga icyo batekereza, nta zindi gahunda mbisha bafitiye Urwababyaye, nta n’izindi ngufu bifitiye zo kugirira Abanyarwanda nabi ! Uwo mutavuga rumwe muri politiki (simple adversaire), si umwanzi w’igihugu byanze bikunze. Umwanzi w’Urwanda si abatinyuka kuvuga cyangwa kwandika amakosa n’amahano y’ingoma y’umunyagitugu Paul Kagame n’agatsiko ke k’abahotozi.

IBANGA RYA 14 : Umwanzi w’Urwanda ni nde ?

None se Umwanzi w’Urwanda, dukwiye twese guhagurukira, tukamurwanya twivuye inyuma yaba ari nde muri iki gihe ? Aho UMWANZI KABOMBO w’igihugu cyacu ntiyaba ari Paul Kagame n’agatsiko ke k’abicanyi bakomeje guhekura Urwanda no kurusahura ? Igisubizo ni yego.

Biracyaza… 

Niba ufite icyo ushaka gusobanuza, watwandikira kuri aderesi ikurikira:

ishema_party@yahoo.fr cyangwa se ugasura urubuga http://www.ishemaparty.mobiukatwandikira ukoresheje uburyo bwateganyijwe. Ushobora no gusura imbuga zacu kuri facebook.

Rwanda: ubukungu bwifashe nabi cyane, uburezi bukahababarira!

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Prof-Rwakabamba-s

Mu nteko ishinga amategeko Minisitri w’uburezi Prof Silas RWAKABAMBA yagaragarije abadepite ko izingiro ry’ibibazo bihora mu nguzanyo z’abanyeshuri biga Muri kaminuza ari amafaranga make igihugu u Rwanda rufite atajyanye n’umubare w’abanyeshuri. Abadepite bibajije impamvu ibi byari byaragizwe ubwiru n’abayobozi mu nzego z’uburezi kugeza ubwo abanyeshuri batabaza itangazamakuru n’inteko.

Imwe mu mafoto ikunze gucicikana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga abanyeshuri bagaragaza ko bashonje (Photo Internet)
Imwe mu mafoto ikunze gucicikana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga abanyeshuri bagaragaza ko bashonje (Photo Internet)

Mu itangazamakuru hakunze kumvikana amajwi y’abanyeshuri ba Kaminuza bavuga ko badahabwa amafaranga yo kubatunga nkuko baba barayemerewe. Bamwe bakavuga ko bitewe no gutinda kubona aya mafaranga ndetse n’ibirarane baberewemo; bahagarika kurya ndetse abandi bagahora mu makimbirane n’ababacumbikiye. Uyu mwaka bigeze mu kwezi kwa 12 nta faranga na rimwe ry’uyumwaka riratangwa; bivuze amezi atatu y’ubukererwe.

Umuyobozi ushinzwe inguzanyo mu kigo cy'igihugu cy'uburezi REB Louise Karamage
Umuyobozi ushinzwe inguzanyo mu kigo cy’igihugu cy’uburezi REB Louise Karamage

Ministeri y’uburezi n’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’uburezi REB bitabye inteko ishingamategeko ku kibazo cy’inguzanyo zemererwa abanyeshuri ntibazibone. Umuyobozi ushinzwe inguzanyo muri REB Louise KARAMAGE avuga ko aya mafaranga REB nayo itinda kuyabona. Yagize ati “Gutinda kw’amafaranga hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera. Iya mbere ni bureaucracy ( usanga liste zica muri institution(ibigo) nyinshi kandi REB idafiteho ububasha.”

Bamwe mu banyeshuri biga muri Kaminuza bagejeje ku badepite ibibazo by’uko bakuwe ku rutonde rw’abahabwa amafaranga yo kubatunga kandi bakennye. Abazemerewe nabo bagataka ko batazibona nkuko bikwiriye. Abadepite bibaza impamvu zituma Ministeri y’uburezi y’uburezi itasobanuriye abanyeshuri impamvu zabyo mbere y’uko bajya mu itangazamakuru.

Abadepite bavuze ko mu rwego rw’uburezi harimo ibibazo by’agatereranzamba kandi bihora bigonga Ministeri na REB. Bibajije ukuntu umwana wemewe ko atabasha kwitunga ashobora kumara amezi 5 adahawe ikimutunga. Bati “ Ubwo se yaba arya iki? Ese ubundi bizakemuka burundu ryari?

Ahawe umwanya ngo asobanure iki kibazo Minitre w’uburezi Prof Silas RWAKABAMBA yavuze ko u Rwanda rudafite amafaranga ahagije ugereranije n’umubare w’abanyeshuri rwemerera kwiga kandi batishoboye. Yagize ati” we have a limited Budget (nta mafaranga ahagije dufite)”

Ministre RWAKABAMBA kandi yanikomye ikigo cy’igihugu cy’uburezi REB ku guhuzagurika mu guhitamo abagenerwa inguzanyo. RWAKABAMBA yagize ati “uyu mwaka twari dufite abanyeshuri twarabaze azafasha abanyeshuri 5 841 ariko bitewe n’abajuriye barenze 6 000. Ibi byatewe nuko REB yakiriye abandi banyeshuri bari bajuriye yagiye mu birarane birenga Miliyoni 2. Ayo Minisiteri y’imari ntiyayaduha.”

Ministre yakomeje agira ati “ ubwo nazaga mu Rwanda muri 1997 hari abanyeshuri 3 000 bigaga muri Kaminuza leta yishyuriraga buri wese. Bagushyiraga mu Mvaho bagahita bakwishyurira. Ubu dufite abarenga 85 000 bose tugiye kubishyurira nta mafaranga wabona kuri buri wese”.

Amakosa yo mu burezi kandi Ministre yagaraje ko hari n’aterwa no kuba Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ikiri kwiyubaka. Minisiteri y’uburezi yijeje inteko ishinga amategeko ko hari kwiga uburyo ibi bibazo biri mu burezi bitazasubira umwaka utaha.

NIYODUSHIMA Dieudonne/ Aheza.com

Mandela hid in my house for six months

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mandela+hide

Ramla Kibwana stands at the top of the stairs leading to the room in which Mandela and his fellow freedom fighters used to hide and above, the room upstairs where Mandela and colleagues used to stay. PHOTOS | ESTHER MNGODO 

A year has passed since Nelson Mandela, the South African apartheid revolutionary passed on. Many across Africa and across the world reverenced him for his courage and the spirit of forgiveness, which he upheld. Tanzania is known to be a friend of Madiba for its role in the freedom fighting movement. Apart from the national heart-felt contribution, individuals also share personal experiences of how they opened their homes to South Africa during that time.

Some stories were highlighted at the time of Madiba’s funeral, such as that of Vicky Nsilo Swai, a Tanzanian woman who kept Nelson Mandela’s shoes for 33 years in her home. But little is spoken about Ramla Kibwana, a ten cell leader in Soko Matola area in Mbeya city who claims to have given refuge to Mandela and his friends when they were on the run. She was a ten cell leader when Mandela arrived at her home back then.

Mama Kibwana recalls the words Nelson Mandela used to introduce himself to her after months of hiding in her house vividly. ‘Mimi ndio Mandela’ (I am Mandela), he said to her in Kiswahili. Mama Kibwana can clearly remember the six months Mandela spent in her house. Although she cannot recall the year, she clearly remembers a young man who she identifies as Mzee Mwembapa’s son knocking on her door at around 9:pm with two strange men. Their clothes were torn and their trousers were supported by suspenders. The young man who brought them told her that the two men had been sleeping in bars in Mabatini area, just a short distance from Soko Matola and needed a place to stay for a while. “I pitied them,” she says and adds: “It was at a time when many African countries were seeking independence. The young man told me that the men were from South Africa. So I knew what I was getting myself into.”

Officials from the South African High Commission in Dar es Salaam are unable to verify Mama Kibwana’s account. However, Mama Kibwana says that what she did was a heroic act. She doesn’t understand why her family was never commended for it. Mama Kibwana didn’t know the men’s identity. And when they came with two other men on the second day, she was satisfied with the names that they mentioned to her.

It wasn’t until later that she came to learn that her South African guests were Mandela and a man who she recalls as Makubalo. At first, Mama was hesitant to retell the story to yet ‘another journalist.’ “Journalists have documented my story in the past. One even gave me Sh 1,000 after the interview. I felt so disrespected. I wonder what the point is in telling my story if no one can even come back to say ‘Thank you, what you did was brave’. I see no point,” she says.

The story of her family’s heroic act takes Mama Kibwana back to the days when the roof of her house wasn’t falling and the staircase to the first floor where Mandela and his comrades were hiding was strong. The house is located at the junction of Kanisa Street and Barabara ya Tano. This is where Mama Kibwana grew up. Her father gave her the house since she was the only child. Now, it is home to five other families, each paying Sh10,000 as rent per month.

When Mandela and his friend were introduced to her, she was selling Kimpumu, some local brew made from millet. She offered them some before they left an hour and a half later. Since they spoke very little Swahili, the young man who brought them was their translator. He spoke some English. It was around 10:30 pm when they returned to Mama Kibwana’s the following day. They were quite restless, she says. They would get on their feet on hearing someone knocking and couldn’t sit still. Mama Kibwana wasn’t afraid to host them even though she had a whole family depending on her.

Both her parents were deceased and so she lived with her grandmother, her aunt and seven children. The oldest was 28 while the youngest was just a teenager. Only two among the seven, a son and a daughter are living.

“I told my family to keep this a secret. It wasn’t hard for me because I didn’t have any girlfriends to worry about. I was certain that no one would gossip about it. I was the only child to my parents and had grown up to be very independent. And at the time, my husband and I were already divorced,” she explains.

When the men came, Mandela’s leg was swollen. They were four this time. Mama Kibwana said that she mixed some flour, eggs and herbs and massaged him. It took about three weeks for him to recover.

“Their clothes were very dirty. I gave them my vitenge (African print wrap-around) and washed their clothes. I bought clothes for them two weeks later. And a week later, I bought some more for the other two,” she says. Second hand clothes were famously known as ‘mitunguo’ back then as they were sold on hangers. The cheapest would go for Sh 50 while the most expensive one could cost Sh 200.

The room Mandela slept in was on the first floor. It has a tiny window through which they could see the street outside, but the ones outside could not see them. “I had to create a veranda on the inside where they could rest during the day and get some fresh air. But there was no way they could walk outside during the day,” she explains.

With now four more mouths to feed, Mama Kibwana had to work harder. Mandela had given him Sh 500 the first day he came for the local brew she sold them. But he never gave any financial contribution afterwards. At first she used to buy two debes of the local brew for her business, but later on, she decided to make it herself so as to cut costs. She sold one litre of the local brew for Sh 100.

In the earlier days of their stay, Mandela and his colleagues didn’t eat much, Mama Kibwana says. She decided to join them during lunchtime so that they would be more at ease. “Whatever I ate, they ate as well,” she says adding that Mandela loved Ugali and fish. He didn’t like beans that were cooked with tomatoes and other vegetables. He just wanted them boiled. Makubalo’s favourite was Ugali with mlenda. She smiles at the thought of Makubalo calling out to her: “Mama kama malenda ipo nipe,” she mimics how he would ask for Mlenda and laughs. She says Makubalo didn’t have most of his front teeth.

According to Mama Kibwana, the men used to wake up at 6am to take breakfast. But later on, they would shower at 5am and then go back to bed until 8am when they had breakfast. They used to sleep a lot in the beginning. “I guess they were very tired from all the running,” she says.

Their host would put two buckets in the room for them to relieve themselves whenever they needed to instead of going to the toilet downstairs, just in case there was a guest and he saw them. One would be full of water and the other would be empty. And if they ever went out, it only happened at night. They would never go out together, but one at a time.

“Four months on, I remember hearing on the 4pm evening news on Radio Tanzania that they were looking for a South African man named Mandela. For about half an hour, I sat there wondering what I was going to do. Although I didn’t know if Mandela was among the men in my house, I knew that there was that possibility. I feared for my life. I was torn between kicking them out and calling the police. But I knew they had nowhere else to go to,” she says.

As she served them food that evening, Mama Kibwana told them about the news on the radio. “Mandela himself responded, but of course I didn’t know that it was him all this time. He said ‘Oh Mandela. I wonder where he went. You know we all left in a hurry and it has been a long journey from South Africa. We do not know where he went.’ He misled me,” she says with a chuckle.

It wasn’t until a few days later when he revealed his true identity. She remembers him saying: ‘Mimi ndio Mandela.’ (I am Mandela). Mama Kibwana was shocked and just muttered: ‘Alhamdulillah’ (Which is Arabic for All praise and thanks to God). “He asked me why I gave such a remark, and I told him that I was grateful to God,” she says. The Kibwana’s had also been fortunate to host the late Mwalimu Nyerere at some point in history, according to Mama Kibwana.

“There are several homes here in Mbeya which once provided refuge to politicians during the independence era. But I am surprised that nothing is being done to even say ‘Thank You, your courage is recognised and appreciated’,” she says bitterly.

By Esther Mngodo

The Citizen

Umwihariko wa Revolisiyo: Abaturage Bakenera umu Leader nyawe Ubafasha Guhirika Umunyagitugu.

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Banyarwanda nkunda, nshuti basomyi,

ubushize mu Umwihariko wa Revolisiyo twarebeye hamwe uburyo umuntu umwe n’agatsiko ke gatoya babasha gukandamiza miliyoni 11. Twabonye ko agatsiko gatoya kaba gashyize hamwe kandi kazi icyo gashaka. Abaturage miliyoni 11 bo baba batatanye maze bikorohereza agatsiko kugenda karoba umwe umwe nk’uko 11.000.000= 1+1+1+1+…..

Uyu munsi mu mutwe wa 2 w’Umwihariko wa Revolisiyo turarebera hamwe uburyo leadership ( ubuyobozi) ari ngombwa cyane kugira ngo abaturage bakanguke. Nimwongere mwitegereze iyi foto hasi aha. Murabona ko umunyagitugu arimo atuka abaturage nyamara bo ntibabona ko bashatse bava ku rubaho maze ikibazo kigakemuka. Kuki batabikora? Ni uko habura uwabarya akara.

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UMUTWE WA 2 :  Abantu benshi bakomeje kwibaza impamvu AMASHYAKA ATAVUGA RUMWE NA KAGAME YANANIWE KWEGERANYA ABANYARWANDA NGO BASEZERERE AGATSIKO ?

Martin LUTHER KING yafashije abirabura bo muri USA kwisuganya basezerera politiki y’ivangura bakorerwaga! Abanyarwanda nitwige kwita kuba Leaders bacu, tubafashe kuzadufasha !

Ko Urwanda rwagushije ishyano ryo kuba ruyoborwa n’abantu b’abicanyi ruharwa mu by’ukuri bari bakwiye gufatwa bagashyikirizwa ubutabera, ntawe utabibona kandi nta we bitababaza, baba Abanyarwanda cyangwa abanyamahanga (Mandats d’arrêt)! Igikomeje kuba urujijo ni ukubona mu banyapolitiki bagaragara ari bake cyane bagerageza gufasha Abanyarwanda kwisuganya ngo duce ingoyi ituziritse, dusezerere bidasubirwaho agatsiko k’uyu munyagitugu Paul KAGAME kadufasheho ingwate! Kuki abanyapolitiki bagerageje kugira icyo bakora badatera kabiri badasubiranyemo! Biterwa n’iki ?

IBANGA RYA 4 : Intwaro za kirimbuzi si ngombwa

N’ubwo umunyagitugu n’agatsiko ke bagaragaza ko bafite imbaraga zidasanzwe ; buriya guhirika ingoma ye ntibisaba gufata intwaro za kirimbuzi, dore ko abaturage badashobora kurusha Paul KAGAME gutunga nyinshi !

Abantu benshi tuganira, dutekereza amaherezo y’ingoma y’umunyagitugu Kagame bagira batya bakagusha ku ntambara. Bati ni ngombwa guhaguruka tukamurwanya mu buryo bwa gisirikari, nta yindi nzira ishoboka, ubwo imbunda ari zo yubakiyeho ubutegetsi bwe, ni nazo zikwiye kubumukuraho. Igitekerezo cyabo singisuzugura. Gusa rero iyo witegereje akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, kugira ngo hagire umutwe ufata gahunda yo gutangiza intambara kugera ubwo uzahirika Kagame si ibya none. FDLR imaze imyaka hafi 20 mu mashyamba ntacyo yashoboye kugeraho uretse guhora yitabara gusa! Ndetse njye nsanga uwateza intambara yaba ahaye Kagame amahirwe yo kongera kumara indi myaka itari mike ku butegetsi kuko yaba abonye icyo akora hagati aho : kongera kumena amaraso y’Abanyarwanda ku mu mugaragaro, yitwaje ko ari mu ntambara.

Intambara tuzi umuntu yakwita classique, iyi yo kurunda ingabo n’intwaro, ukabona igihugu duhana imbibi uhagurukiramo (Base arrière) ugatera Urwanda, ntishoboka muri iki gihe, yenda izashoboka nko mu myaka 20 iri imbere. Ibyo kandi Kagame arabizi neza ! Twita igihe turota ibidafite akamaro mu gihe hari indi zira ya bugufi (plus efficace), ihendutse kandi yubahiriza uburenganzira bwa buri wese.

IBANGA RYA 5 : Uko ingoma y’igitugu ihirima

Guhirika ingoma y’umunyagitugu wigize nk’intare ntibisaba gufata intwaro no kumurwanya. Ikimukoraho bwangu kandi mu buryo budasubirwaho ni ukumwambura imbaraga abaturage bamutiza akaba ari nazo akoresha abica urw’agashinyaguro!

Twabonye ko nta yandi maboko umunyagitugu agira uretse ay’abaturage : ni bamwe muri twe akoresha kugira ngo abohe abandi. Arandengaya nkamwihorera, yahohotera abandi nkituramira. Anyambura inzu yanjye nkamugerekeraho n’isambu yanjye, yamfatira umugore ku ngufu nkamutegeza n’umukobwa wanjye kugira ngo ndebe ko bwacya kabiri…muri make abaturage bahindurwa ABACAKARA kubera ko bemera kubigiramo uruhare!

Nyamara abaturage bafashe icyemezo cyo kwanga kongera gukorera umunyagitugu ubamereye nabi, bakanga kongera kwitabira gahunda ze ; bagize batya bagahagarika akazi kose iminsi 10 gusa (amashuri, amasoko, akazi ko mu biro….), bwa bukaka bw’umunyagitugu bayoberwa iyo burigitiye, za ngufu yiratanaga zayoyoka. None se za ndege ze z’intambara zahaguruka zikajya kurasa ingo z’abaturage batanamututse? Imbunda zajya mu ngo zose kurasa abantu batari no mu myigaragambyo ? Gusa rero kugira ngo abaturage bashobore kwemera ko iyo nzira ishoboka hagomba Abaleaders babitangira, bakabasobanurira igikwiye gukorwa n’inzira byanyuramo, bakababa hafi . Abafite amashyaka ya “opozisiyo” niko kazi kabo! 

Ikibazo : Kuki abagize amashyaka atavuga rumwe na Paul Kagame bahora bacikamo ibice  aho kwishyira hamwe ngo bafashe Abanyarwanda kwisuganya ?

Kuba aya mashyaka yitwa aya “opozisiyo” ahora acikamo ibice si uko abayobozi bayo ari ko baba babyifuza, yewe si n’uko Kagame aba yabahaye ruswa. Hari impamvu ebyiri zikomeye zituma aya mashyaka adafata ngo yibyaremo ingufu zihagije zahindura ibintu.

IBANGA RYA 6 : Kuba umuLEADER si ibya bose

Burya abantu bose ntibashobora kuba abanyapolitiki bo mu rwego rw’aba Leader ngo bishoboke ! Impamvu ni uko kuba umu Leader ari impano bose batahawe. Urugero: twese twikundira indirimbo nziza icurangitse neza ; nyamara twese siko twashobora kuyiririmba n’ubwo twaba tubyifuza karijana! Tuvugeko yewe dushoboye gukora imyitozo, tukinjira mu itorero, tukabasha kuyiririmba neza! Nyamara ntibivuze ko dushobora no kuyihimba! Guhimba indirimbo nziza igakundwa n’abantu ni impano yahawe umuhanzi! Benshi twaririmba ariko guhanga ni urundi rwego. Aba Leader ba politiki bagomba kugira iyo mpano imeze nk’iy’abahanzi. Ni nayo mpamvu badakunze kuba benshi!

Igitera ingorane muri politiki ireba Urwanda, ni uko Abanyarwanda bakomeje kwibeshya ko buri wese, ubishatse wese, n’iyo yaba nta n’aho yanabyize, ashobora kuba umu Leader, agahimba ishyaka, rikagira icyo rigeraho ! Oya ibyo ni ukwibeshya, …. ni yo mpamvu amashyaka ya “opozisiyo”, yaba ayo mu gihugu, yaba akorera mu buhungiro, ntacyo arageraho, imyaka ikaba ibaye 20 !

Ikindi Abanyarwanda babuze ni uko batazi gushishoza ngo nibabona muribo havutse umuntu ushobora kuba umu Leader, bamuhe agaciro akwiye, bamwiteho, bamufashe, bamwubahirize, bamurengere!

Umu Leader muri politiki ni muntu ki ?

Si wawundi wirirwa yivuga ibigwi cyangwa yifotoza mu binyamakuru kandi ntacyo akora ngo kigaragare! Umuleader ni umuntu ufite iyo mpano nko mu maraso, uyu uvuga abandi bagatega amatwi kandi bakaryoherwa, kuburyo yababwira ati “nimujye imbere tugende” bakamwumvira! Bene abo nibo dukomeje kubura, abake dufite tukabapfukirana! Ntibajya babura burundu, baba bahari. Dukwiye kubishakamo, tukabashyira imbere, tukabaha ibyo bakeneye (inkunga), nibo bazadufasha gusezerera ingoma y’igitugu ya Paul Kagame n’abicanyi be!

Gusa rero politiki ni ikintu umuntu adakora wenyine n’iyo yaba afite impano y’akataraboneka.

IBANGA RYA 7 : Umuleader akenera ikipe

Kugira ngo umuleader agire icyo ageraho akenera Ikipe y’abantu hagati ya 6 n’ 8, bumvikana batagambanirana, mbese umubare ungana n’uw’abagize ka gatsiko umunyagitugu akenera ! Iyo kipe niyo ibyara imbaraga nyabuzima ziyobora abaturage, zigahangana n’ingufu ntindi umunyagitugu akoresha yangiza ibintu. Kubona abantu 6-8, bameze batyo ntibyoroshye!!!! Babonetse bakishyira hamwe, iby’ingoma y’inkoramaraso ya Paul Kagame byaba birangiye!

Ikipe ya politiki ikorwa ite? 

Ni nk’ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru. Kurundanya abantu 11 ukabashyira mu kibuga ntibihagije ! Hagomba umutoza (Leader), maze agafasha abakinnyi gukora imyitozo ! Uko bagenda bamenyana, barushaho gutahura ubushobozi bwa buri wese : bati “wowe wakina mu izamu kurusha abandi, uriya yakina neza mu ba kabiri, uriya yajya atsinda ibitego”…..bityo bityo buri wese agashyirwa mu mwanya akwiye kandi ufasha Ikipe gutsinda ibitego!

Isima (Principe) ituma ikipe ifata ni iyihe ?

IBANGA RYA 8 : Igituma ikipe ikomera

Hari uburyo bubiri : Agatsiko ka Paul Kagame gafata cyangwa se gakomera kubera iterabwoba abashyiraho. Bazi neza ko uwaca ku ruhande akagambana, ahita akubitwa inyundo. Ubwo bwoba butuma Agatsiko kagira ubumwe buzaramba igihe cyose Paul Kagame azaba agifite ubushobozi bwo kubashyiraho iterabwoba rye! Ntawe uzava muri kariya gatsiko ngo abure kwicwa kuko aba azi amabanga menshi ! N’iyo yahungira mu mahanga, bamusangayo bakamutsindayo! Coloneli Patrick Karegeya bamutsinze muri Africa y’epfo,jenerali Nyamwasa bamaze kumuhusha kenshi,…

Uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gukora ikipe igafata ni ugushaka abantu bashobora kugirana ubucuti bukomeye … Icy’ingenzi ni uko baba abantu bashobora kumenyana, bakagirana icyizere kibyara ubucuti ubu budashobora kugambanirana. Ikipe yubakiye ku bucuti iragora kuyirema ariko iyo ibayeho iraramba kandi igakora byiza kurusha iyubakiye ku iterabwoba, kuko abayirimo banezezwa n’ibyo bakora. Niyo mpamvu bakorera rubanda babyishimiye! 

Ngicyo ikibuze mu mashyaka ya opozisiyo nyarwanda! Nta shyaka na rimwe ririho muri iki gihe rifite umuleader ugaragara n’ikipe ifatika yamufasha kuyobora Abanyarwanda mu nzira y’impinduramitegekere igamije kubungabunga ubwigenge bw’igihugu n’ukwishyira ukizana kwa buri mwenegihugu ku giti cye ! N’amashyaka agerageje kwisuganya usanga ari nk’udukipe twa Nyumbakumi cyangwa tw’Akagal ! Umunyagitugu Paul Kagame ntabwo azakurwaho n’ikipe ya Segiteri…azakurwaho n’ikipe y’aba“profesiyoneri” ! Ariko akaga karushijeho kuntera impungenge ni uko iyo habonetse umuleader, aho kumushyigikira ngo tumuhe ibyo akeneye, akore ikipe itunganye yazadutabara twese, turamutererana, cyangwa tukamurwanya! Iyo ngeso isa no kwikora mu nda niyo izatuma Abanyarwanda bahera ku kiziriko cy’umunyagitugu Paul Kagame, abo yashyize mu gihome bapfire ku ngoyi, abagiye ishyanga bagwe ku gasi…

Banyarwanda, Banyarwandakazi, nitudahindura imyumvire, turaheze….!

Biracyaza… 

Niba ufite icyo ushaka gusobanuza, watwandikira kuri aderesi ikurikira:

ishema_party@yahoo.fr cyangwa se ugasura urubuga http://www.ishemaparty.mobi ukatwandikira ukoresheje uburyo bwateganyijwe. Ushobora no gusura imbuga zacu kuri facebook.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revealed: how the wealth gap holds back economic growth

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OECD report rejects trickle-down economics, noting ‘sizeable and statistically negative impact’ of income inequality

Organisation for Economic Co-operation a

OECD secretary-general Angel Gurría said that ‘addressing high and growing inequality is critical to promote strong and sustained growth’. Photograph: Eric Piermont/AFP/Getty Images

The west’s leading economic thinktank on Tuesday dismissed the concept of trickle-down economics as it found that the UK economy would have been more than 20% bigger had the gap between rich and poor not widened since the 1980s.

Publishing its first clear evidence of the strong link between inequality and growth, the Paris-based Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development proposed higher taxes on the rich and policies aimed at improving the lot of the bottom 40% of the population, identified by Ed Miliband as the “squeezed middle”.

Trickle-down economics was a central policy for Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, with the Conservatives in the UK and the Republicans in the US confident that all groups would benefit from policies designed to weaken trade unions and encourage wealth creation.

The OECD said that the richest 10% of the population now earned 9.5 times the income of the poorest 10%, up from seven times in the 1980s. However, the result had been slower, not faster, growth.

It concluded that “income inequality has a sizeable and statistically negative impact on growth, and that redistributive policies achieving greater equality in disposable income has no adverse growth consequences.

“Moreover, it [the data collected from the thinktank’s 34 rich country members] suggests it is inequality at the bottom of the distribution that hampers growth.”

According to the OECD, rising inequality in the two decades after 1985 shaved nine percentage points off UK growth between 1990 and 2000. The economy expanded by 40% during the 1990s and 2000s but would have grown by almost 50% had inequality not risen. Reducing income inequality in Britain to the level of France would increase growth by nearly 0.3 percentage points over a 25-year period, with a cumulated gain in GDP at the end of the period in excess of 7%.

“These findings have relevant implications for policymakers concerned about slow growth and rising inequality,” the paper said.

“On the one hand it points to the importance of carefully assessing the potential consequences of pro-growth policies on inequality: focusing exclusively on growth and assuming that its benefits will automatically trickle down to the different segments of the population may undermine growth in the long run, in as much as inequality actually increases.

“On the other hand, it indicates that policies that help limiting or – ideally – reversing the long-run rise in inequality would not only make societies less unfair, but also richer.”

Rising inequality is estimated to have knocked more than 10 percentage points off growth in Mexico and New Zealand, nearly nine points in the UK, Finland and Norway, and between six and seven points in the United States, Italy and Sweden.

The thinktank said governments should consider rejigging tax systems to make sure wealthier individuals pay their fair share. It suggested higher top rates of income tax, scrapping tax breaks that tend to benefit higher earners and reassessing the role of all forms of taxes on property and wealth.

However, the OECD said, its research showed “it is even more important to focus on inequality at the bottom of the income distribution. Government transfers have an important role to play in guaranteeing that low-income households do not fall further back in the income distribution”.

The authors said: “It is not just poverty (ie the incomes of the lowest 10% of the population) that inhibits growth … policymakers need to be concerned about the bottom 40% more generally – including the vulnerable lower-middle classes at risk of failing to benefit from the recovery and future growth. Anti-poverty programmes will not be enough.”

Angel Gurría, the OECD’s secretary general, said: “This compelling evidence proves that addressing high and growing inequality is critical to promote strong and sustained growth and needs to be at the centre of the policy debate. Countries that promote equal opportunity for all from an early age are those that will grow and prosper.”

Source: The Guardian, December 9, 2014.